Environmental Effects of Offshore Oil Production: The Buccaneer Gas and Oil Field Study PDF
Preview Environmental Effects of Offshore Oil Production: The Buccaneer Gas and Oil Field Study
Environmental Effects of Offshore Oil Production THE BUCCANEER GAS AND OIL FIELD STUDY MARINE SCIENCE Coordinating Editor: Ronald J. Gibbs, University of Delaware Recent Volumes: Volume 8 - Ocean Wave Climate Edited by Marshall D. Earle and Alexander Malahoff Volume 9 -Marine Geology and Oceanography of the Pacific Manganese Nodule Province Edited by James L. Bischoff and David Z. Piper Volume 10 -Ecological Processes in Coastal and Marine Systems Edited by Robert J. Livingston Volume 11 - Estuarine and Wetland Processes: With Emphasis on Modeling Edited by Peter Hamilton and Keith B. Macdonald Volume 12 -Ocean Dumping of Industrial Wastes Edited by Bostwick H. Ketchum, Dana R. Kester, and P. Kilho Park Volume 13 -Oceano.ttraphy From Space Edited byJ. F. R. Gower Volume 14 -Environmental Effects of Offshore Oil Production: The Buccaneer Gas and Oil Field Study Edited by Brian S. Middleditch A Continuation Order Plan is available for this series. A continuation order will bring delivery of each new volume immediately upon publication. Volumes are billed only upon actual shipment. For further information please contact the publisher. Environmental Effects of Offshore Oil Production THE BUCCANEER GAS AND OIL FIELD STUDY Edited by Brian S. Middleditch University of Houston Houston, Texas PLENUM PRESS • NEW YORK AND LONDON CENTRAL Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Main entry under title: Environmental effects of offshore oil production. (Marine science; 14) "Proceedings of a symposium on the buccaneer gas and oil field study, held October 8·9,1980, during Expochem '80 in Houston, Texas" - T.p. verso. Sponsored by the Environmental Protection Agency et al. Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Oil well drilling, Submarine - Environmental aspects - Mexico, Gulf of Congresses. I. Middleditch, Brian S. II. Expochem '80 (1980: Houston, Tex.) III. United States. Environmental Protection Agency. IV. Series. TD195.P4E55 333.91'7'097641 81-11934 ISBN-13: 978-1-4684-1112-6 AACR2 ISBN-13: 978-1-4684-1112-6 e-ISBN-13: 978-1-4684-1110-2 001: 10.1007/978-1-4684-1110-2 Proceedings of a symposium on The Buccaneer Gas and Oil Field Study, held October 8-9, 1980, during EXPOCHEM '80 in Houston, Texas © 1981 Plenum Press, New York Softcover reprint of the hardcover 15t edition 1981 A Division of Plenum Publishing Corporation 233 Spring Street, New York, N.Y. 10013 All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming. recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher PREFACE The Buccaneer Gas and Oil Field Study has been the most comprehensive research project to date concerned with assessing the ecological effects of offshore production activities. It took nearly five years to complete and involved almost 30 individual research groups. All of the raw data have been archived with NOAA's Environmental Data and Information Services, and detailed technical reports have been deposited with the National Technical Information Service so the interested investigator should be able to gain access to them. However, we felt that it would be desirable to present a distillation of our more significant findings in a form that was more readily available to the scientific and lay community. Thus, we conducted a symposium. on the study during EXPOCHEM '80 at the Astrohall, Houston, Texas during October, 1980. This volume comprises the proceedings of that symposium. All but two of the papers presented are included in this book. Manuscripts were not received from Dr. D. A. Wiesenburg (Texas A&M University: Volatile Hydrocarbons) or Dr. J. Tillery (Southwest Research Institute: Trace Metals), but these topics are adequately covered by other authors. An introductory chapter was added to place the study in its proper perspective and to provide some background material on the Buccaneer Field, a brief chapter on biocides was inserted since this topic generated much dis cussion at the symposium, and a bibliography is provided to direct the interested reader to sources of additional published infor mation on the Study. Each of the authors was encouraged to avoid the rather dry format characteristic of a technical report and most have succeeded. We hope that our book will appeal to a wider reader ship than the technical reports that are normally produced following studies of this type. Several of the administrative and support personnel involved in this study are not given adequate recognition elsewhere in the book, and it is appropriate to acknowledge their contributions v vi PREFACE here. Dr. Joseph W. Angelovic, formerly the Director of the NMFS Gulf Coastal Fisheries Center, Galveston, Texas was instrumental in initiating involvement of the Galveston Laboratory in environ mental impact research through Interagency Agreements with other federal agencies. The first project, through Interagency Agreement with the Department of Interior, Bureau of Land Management, involved fisheries investigations associated with the South Texas Outer Continental Shelf. The second was the study of the Buccaneer Field, supported by Interagency Agreement with the Environmental Protection Agency. Dr. Angelovic is currently Deputy Director of NOAA's Ocean Programs Office in Washington, D.C., which provided the NOAA program overview of the Buccaneer Gas and Oil Field Study, with Mr. W. Lawrence Pugh as Program Manager. The EPA Program Manager was Dr. Alfred A. Galli of EPA's Office of Energy, Minerals, and Industry in Washington, D.C. Mr. John T. Hinman, Ms. Joan Blaylock Sylvester and Mr. Joseph L. Gray of the NMFS Southeast Regional Office in St. Petersburg, Florida were Contracting Officers for the Study. When the project first began, Dr. Angelovic was the Contrac ting Officer's Technical Representative and Dr. Richard Berry the Project Manager at the NMFS Galveston Laboratory. When Dr. Angelovic left for Washington, the former task was passed to Dr. Berry, and Dr. Ernest D. McRae (now deceased) became Project Manager. Early in 1977, Dr. Edward F. Klima was appointed as Director of the Galveston Laboratory and assumed the role of Contracting Officer's Technical Representative. At that time, Dr. Charles W. Caillouet became Chief of the Galveston Laboratory's Environmental Research Division and Project Manager of the Study. It was Dr. Klima and Dr. Caillouet who were most directly responsible for the transition from a multidisciplinary survey to the interdisciplinary study that the project became. Mr. William B. Jackson (Senior Advisor, Contracts and Deliverables) of the Galveston Laboratory was the Report Editor during most of the Study. Mr. Gregg R. Gitschlag was Acting Senior Advisor, Field Operations and Logistics. Other members of the technical staff at the Galveston Laboratory who participated in the project were Dr. Robert M. Avent (Oceanographer, Field Party Chief), Mr. E. Peter Wilkens (Fishery Biologist), Mr. Gary Faw (Fishery Biologist), Mr. Dennis Koi (Computer Programmer), and Ms. Leesa M. Young (Biological Aid). Mr. John A. Burgbacher of Shell Oil Company's Offshore Division in New Orleans, Louisiana deserves special mention for providing information about operations in the Buccaneer Field, arranging for access to the structures to be granted, and providing helicopter transportation on many occasions. Other Shell employees in the Field were equally cooperative. PREFACE vii We are also indebted to Dr. Albert Zlatkis of the University of Houston for allowing us to hold our symposium as a component of EXPOCHEM '80. The prompt publication of these proceedings was achieved with the cooperation of the authors and the able assistance of Mr. James Busis of Plenum. Brian S. Middleditch University of Houston DISCLAIMER The Buccaneer Gas and Oil Field Study was sponsored by the Environmental Protection Agency and Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Fisheries Center, Galveston Labora tory under Interagency Agreement EPA-IAG-DS-E693-EO. The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Environmental Protection Agency or the Department of Commerce. Mention of trade names or commercial products herein does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. viii CONTRIBUTORS JOHN B. ANDERSON, Geology Department, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77001. REED S. ArulSTRONG, Atlantic Environmental Group, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administ ration, Narragansett, Rhode Island 02882. GLENN D. AUMANN, Department of Biology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77004. E. WILLIAM BEHRENS, University of Texas Marine Science Institute, 700 The Strand, Galveston, Texas 77550. GREGORY S. BOLAND, LGL Ecological Research Associates, Inc., 1410 Cavitt Street, Bryan, Texas 77801. JAMES M. BROOKS, Department of Oceanography, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843. JACK CALMAN, Environmental Research and Technology, Inc., 1111 Third Avenue, Suite 2770, Seattle, Washington 98101. Present address: Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Univer sity, Johns Hopkins Road, Laurel, Maryland 20810. ROBERT J. CASE, Texas A&M Marine Laboratory, Building 311, Fort Crockett, Galveston, Texas 77550. LARRY J. DANEK, Hazleton Environmental Sciences, 1500 Frontage Road, Northbrook, Illinois 60062. Present address: Environ mental Science and Engineering, Inc., P.O. Box ESE, Gaines ville, Florida 32602. GEORGE D. DENNIS, LGL Ecological Research Associates, Inc., 1410 Cavitt Street, Bryan, Texas 77801. ERNIE L. ESTES, Department of Marine Sciences, Texas A&M Univer sity, Galveston, Texas 77843. NICK FOTHERINGHAM, Department of Biology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77004. Present address: Dames & Moore, 4321 Directors Row, Houston, Texas 77092. KENNETH W. FUCIK, Science Applications, Inc., 2760 29th Street, Boulder, Colorado 80301. BENNY J. GALLAWAY, LGL Ecological Research Associates, Inc., 1410 Cavitt Street, Bryan, Texas 77801. DONALD E. HARPER, JR., Texas A&M Marine Laboratory, Building 311, Fort Crockett, Galveston, Texas 77550. ix x CONTRIBUTORS RICHARD P. HERBST, Environmental Research and Technology, Inc., 1111 Third Avenue, Suite 2770, Seattle, Washington 98101. Present address: Regulatory Affairs Department, Exxon Minerals Co., P.O. Box 2180, Houston, Texas 77001. RANDALL L. HOWARD, LGL Ecological Research Associates, Inc., 1410 Cavitt Street, Bryan, Texas 77801. CHI-HSIN HSU, Department of Biology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77004. REBECCA L. JASCHEK, Texas A&M Marine Laboratory, Building 311, Fort Crockett, Galveston, Texas 77550. LARRY R. MARTIN, LGL Ecological Research Associates, Inc., 1410 Cavitt Street, Bryan, Texas 77801. BRIAN S. MIDDLEDITCH, Department of Biophysical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77004. KURT D. OLSEN, Department of Biology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77004. DEBORAH L. POTTS, Texas A&M Marine Laboratory, Building 311, Fort Crockett, Galveston, Texas 77550. CURT D. ROSE, Environmental Sciences Division, Energy Resources Company, Inc. , 185 Alewife Brook Parkway, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138. ROBERT R. SALZER, Texas A&M Marine Laboratory, Building 311, Fort Crockett, Galveston, Texas 77550. CLAUDE R. SCHWAB, Department of Oceanography, Texas A&M Univer sity, College Station, Texas 77843. RUDOLPH R. SCHWARZER, Chemistry Department, Texas Southern University, Houston, Texas 77004. ROBERT F. SHOKES, Science Applications, Inc., 1200 Prospect Street, La Jolla, California 92038. IVAN T. SHOW, Science Applications, Inc., 476 Prospect Street, La Jolla, California 92038. RONALD K. SIZEMORE, Department of Biology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77004. GERALD W. SMEDES, Environmental Research and Technology, Inc., 1111 Third Avenue, Suite 2770, Seattle, Washington 98101. MICHAEL S. TOMLINSON, Hazleton Environmental Sciences, 1500 Frontage Road, Northbrook, Illinois 60062. Present address: Environmental Science and Engineering, Inc., P.O. Box ESE, Gainesville, Florida 32602. CONSTANCE M. WALKER, Texas A&M Marine Laboratory, Building 311, Fort Crockett, Galveston, Texas 77550. TIMOTHY J. WARD, Environmental Sciences Division, Energy Resources Company, Inc. , 185 Alewife Brook Parkway, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138. RICHARD B. WHEELER, Geology Department, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77001. Present address: Exxon Production Research Company, Houston, Texas 77005. DENIS A. WIESENBURG, Department of Oceanography, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843.
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