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Environmental Contamination and Remediation Practices at Former and Present Military Bases PDF

365 Pages·1998·16.47 MB·English
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Environmental Contamination and Remediation Practices at Former and Present Military Bases NATO Science Series A Series presenting the results of activities sponsored by the NATO Science Committee. The Series is published by IOS Press and Kluwer Academic Publishers, in conjunction with the NATO Scientific Affairs Division. General Sub-Series A. Life Sciences IOS Press B. Physics Kluwer Academic Publishers C. Mathematical and Physical Sciences Kluwer Academic Publishers D. Behavioural and Social Sciences Kluwer Academic Publishers E. Applied Sciences Kluwer Academic Publishers F. Computer and Systems Sciences IOS Press Partnership Sub-Series 1. Disarmament Technologies Kluwer Academic Publishers 2. Environmental Security Kluwer Academic Publishers 3. High Technology Kluwer Academic Publishers 4. Science and Technology Policy IOS Press 5. Computer Networking IOS Press The Partnership Sub-Series incorporates activities undertaken in collaboration with NATO's Partners in the Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council - countries of the CIS and Central and Eastern Europe - in Priority Areas of concern to those countries. NATO-PCO-DATA BASE The NATO Science Series continues the series of books published formerly in the NATO ASI Series. An electronic index to the NATO ASI Series provides full bibliographical references (with keywords and/or abstracts) to more than 50000 contributions from international scientists published in all sections of the NATO ASI Series. Access to the NATO-PCO-DATA BASE is possible via CD-ROM "NATO-PCO-DATA BASE" with user-friendly retrieval software in English, French and German (© WTV GmbH and DATAWARE Technologies Inc. 1989). The CD-ROM of the NATO ASI Series can be ordered from: PCO, Overijse, Belgium. Series 2: Environmental Security - Vol. 48 Environmental Contamination and Remediation Practices at Former and Present Military Bases edited by F. Fonnum VISTA and Norwegian Defence Research Establishment, Kjeller, Norway B. Paukstys Hydrogeological Company "Grata", Vilnius, Lithuania B. A. Zeeb and K. J. Reimer Environmental Sciences Group, Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, Ontario, Canada Springer Science+Business Media, B.V. Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Environmental Contamination and Remediation Practices at Former and Present Military Bases Vilnius, Lithuania October 12-17,1997 A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress ISBN 978-0-7923-5248-8 ISBN 978-94-011-5304-1 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-011-5304-1 Printed on acid-free paper All Rights Reserved © 1998 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 1998 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1 st edition 1998 No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photo copying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner. CONTENTS Preface .............................................................................................................................. ix Acknowledgement ........................................................................................................... Xl Workshop Summary .................................................................................................... Xll1 STRATEGIES A:\,D RISK ASSESS:v1E:\'T Environmental Contamination and Remediation Practices at Former and Active :\lilitary Bases. German Experiences B.-A. Szclinski ......................................... . .. ............................................... 1 General Environmental Situation, Risk Assessment and Remediation of Former Military Sites in East Germany V. Ennisch. P. Schuldt .................................. . .. ......... 13 Current and Future Research and Development Projects of The Federal :Vlinistryfor the Environment on Contaminated :Vlilitary Sites Silvia Rcppe .................................................................................. . . .......... 33 Environmental Risk Assessment and Management in Evaluation of Contaminated :V1ilitary Site. A Canadian Approach KJ. Reimcr. B.A. Zceb ....................................................................................... .41 Swedish Guidance on the Procedure for the Investigation and Risk Classification of Urban and Industrially Contaminated Areas Dag Fredriksson ................................................................................................... 57 Environmental Situation and Remediation Plans of Military Sites in Latvia Dzidra Hadonina ................................................................................................. 63 Strategy for Investigations and Remediation of a Polluted :\'orwegian .\'avel Base A. Johnsen ............................................................................................................ 71 Chemical Aspects of Environmental Contamination at Military Sites S. NetIc ................................................................................................................. 83 VI Us Environmental Protection Agency's Baltic Technical Assistance Program: from Capacity Building to Environmental Security Vacys J. Saulys ...................................................................................................... 93 MATHEMATICAL MODELLING Results of Mass Transport Modelling at some Wellfields and Former Soviet Military Bases in Lithuania M. Gregorauskas ................................................................................................. 103 Mass Transport Modelling in Groundwater Studies. Achievements of Latvian Scientists A. Spalvins .......................................................................................................... 123 GIS and Mathematical Modelling for the Assessment of Vulnerability and Geographical Zoning for Groundwater Management and Protection lOaD Paulo Lobo-Ferreira .................................................................................... 143 Modelling of Oil and Chlorinated Hydrocarbons in Saturated and Unsaturated Zones at the Military base in Milovice Vaelav BeneS. Veldav Elias.. ............................................................................... 171 A;\,ALYSIS AND MOl\'ITORING How to Map Hydrocarbon Contamination of Groundwater Without Analysing for Organics. A study of Oil Contamination of Soil and Groundwater at Viestura Prospekts Former Military Fuel Storage Depot, Riga, Latvia D. Banks. L. Baulins. A. Lacis. G. Sichovs. A. Misund .................................... 181 Monitoring a Diesel Spill at Skoddebergvatn Military Site ;\'orthern Norway A. Misund ............................................................................................................ 197 Impact of Military Contamination on Quality of Potable Water Resources V. luodkazis. B. Paukstys ................................................................................... 209 Bioassays Used for Detection of Ecotoxicity at Contaminated Areas B. Rojiekov;l, B. Marsalek. B. Dutka. R. Mclnnis ............................................. 227 Compatibility of Groundwater Sampling and Laboratory Techniques. Some Practical Aspects of Investigations at Military Sites S . .Tanulcvieius .................................................................................................... 233 Vll REMEDIATION TECHNIQUES Advanced Methods for the In-Situ Remediation of Contaminated Soil and Groundwater Joseph A. Pezzullo ............................................................................................ 239 Groundwater Contamination Clean Up-Reality or Illusion'! Bjame Madsen.......... . .................................................................................... 257 Remediation Practice at a Former :\lissile Base in Latvia H. Whittaker, D. Cooper, R. Whittaker, .I. Avotins, V. Kokars, .I. \1a Ie rs , .I. Millers. S. Millers, S. Valtere. Dz. Zarina. ........................ . ......... 267 Implications of Selected Bacterial Strains for Contamination of Oil Pollutants in Soil and Water S. Grigiskis, V. Cipinyte ... 277 Remediation of Suil and Groundwater at Air Bases Pulluted with Oil, Chlorinated Hydrucarbuns and Combat Chemicals Jan Svoma, F. Hercik ..... . ................................................ 283 Remedial Technulogies Applied at Sliac - Vlkanova, a Former Suviet :\lilitary Installation Elena F atulova ............................................... 2~ Remediatiun of Polluted Environment at :'laval Ports of the Baltic Sea Olavi Tammemiie . ................................................. 305 A Proposal for a Decision Flow Chart fur the Selectiun of Technologies for the Rehabilitation of Polluted Aquifers Teresa E. Leitao ............................................................................................... 313 Investigation and Remediation of Former Military Fuel Storage of Valciunaia (Lithuania) N. SeiIYs ... . ................................................................................ 323 Dumped Ammunition in Mine Shafts. Hydrogeochemical Evaluation of Two Mine Shafts at Dalkarsberg. A Repository for Decommissioned Ammunition and Other Explosives .l.G. Holmen. U. Qvarf0I1. B. Liljedahl ..... . ....... 329 :'Iuclear Accidents and Radionuclide Transport M. Krosshavn and F. Fonnum .. . ........ 343 Vlll Migration Processes of Radionuclides in Terrestrial Ecosystems of Ukraine N. V. Golovko, A. N. Rozko and T.1. Koromyslichcnko ................................... 355 Index ............................................................................................................................... 363 PREFACE NATO Advanced Research Workshop on "Environmental Contamination and Remediation Practices at Former and Present Military Bases was held on 12-17 October 1997 at the "Villon" hotel in Vilnius, Lithuania. The ARW was co-directed by professor, dr. Frode Fonnum, Norwegian Defence Research Establishment and dr. Bernardas Paukstys, Hydrogeological Company "Grota"Nilnius University, Lithuania. 45 scientists from 10 NATO, 8 Co-operation Partner countries and Sweden participated at the ARW. 19 scientists made 17 keynote, 1 hour presentations*, 17 participants presented short, 15 minute papers and video material on military contamination in Latvia and Estonia was shown. The president of the Academy of Sciences of Lithuania, Member of Parliament and representatives from the ministries of Defence, Environmental Protection and Foreign Affairs extended their welcome greetings at the Opening Session. Four main topics were discussed at the scientific sessions: i) general aspects of military contamination (5 keynote presentations and 4 participant contributions), ii) risk assessment and modelling (3 keynote and 3 participant papers), iii) modern clean-up methods and technologies (3 keynote and 5 participant contributions) and iiii) regional case studies (6 keynote and 5 participant papers). Characteristic feature of scientific sessions was an active participation of attendees in discussions after each presentation, Willingness to share available knowledge and to learn more from each other. The papers from the majority of the ARW participants were collected before the meeting, bind into two volumes of the Workshop proceedings and included into information package. Papers brought by the attendees to the meeting, were copied and distributed to all participants. A field trip was organised on 15 October. Participants visited former military fuel base of Valciunai and Vilnius Oil Storage. The remediation of contaminated groundwater is being carried out at both sites by the "Grota" company. More than 250 tons of liquid oil products was recovered in 9 months from Valciunai site and 2300 tons of oil was extracted at Vilnius oil base since 1989. The ARW participants were able to observe the remediation procedure, discuss its advantages and drawbacks. The site visit helped to more clearly understand the extent of military contamination. It was agreed by all the ARW attendees that the meeting was a success as a lot of new scientific and practical issues were presented. An atmosphere for active professional discussions was created which developed new ideas. Clear proposals for further co operation was established and included into Recommendations, and also personal contacts between the scientists were made which, hopefully, will lead to mutually beneficial co-operation in future. IX ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We would like to thank NATO Science Committee and its Programme Director L Veiga da Cunha for the support which made this meeting possible. We also extend our thanks to the Norwegian Foreign Affairs for a generous economic support. On behalf of all the participants we extend our thanks to our Lithuanian colleagues and to the Hydrological Company "Grota" for their superb effort in hosting the meeting. We also like to thank the other members of the organizing committee, Professor Vytautas Juocikazis, Lithuania, Dr Vaclav Elia~, Czec Republic and Algomantas Kulanovas, Lithuania. For administrative support we are indepted to Norwegian Defence Research Establishment and Lithuanian Academy of Sciences. In preparation of this book we are grateful to Deborah Reimer, Kari Skovli, Rannveig Leken, Gro Tunhevd and Bente Persen Steihaug for secretarial assistance. Xl

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