Table Of Content

Environmental Compliance Guide for Facility Managers and Engineers A practical guide for facility engineers and managers to understand the impact of environmental regulations when applied to operating equipment in any industry or facility. It lays out a clear road map on how to learn the essential steps and how to use the proper tools. Based on the author’s 39-year experience, this concise material discusses real-life applications and case studies adopted and implemented successfully in many NYC facilities and appropriate for large cities. It will help facility engineers comply with various rules and regulations of the jurisdictions of EPA, state, city, and local agencies and properly itemize reporting requirements. Features include: • Guides facility engineers and managers with a clear and logical exposition of topics, developments, and valuable regulatory frameworks for appropriate preparation and compliance • Provides detailed explanations of procedures for emission reduction and improved efficiency and productivity • Emphasizes the importance of continuing education in compliance to prevent high penalties for facilities • Includes real-life applications and case studies on reducing energy baseline and current operating methods, providing formulas and calculations • Addresses regulatory knowledge for operating systems in cities with a dense population in the US and countries with similar regulatory frameworks This book will benefit professionals, engineers, facility and project managers, building and grounds supervisors, code compliance managers, and heating, ventilation, air conditioning (HVAC) systems contractors and installers in hospitals, universities, schools, and other facilities. Environmental Compliance Guide for Facility Managers and Engineers Rengasamy Kasinathan First edition published 2023 by CRC Press 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 and by CRC Press 4 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, LLC © 2023 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and pub- lisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. The authors and publishers have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. If any copyright material has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any future reprint. Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmitted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers. For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, access www .copyright . com or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400. For works that are not available on CCC please contact mpkbookspermissions @tandf . co .uk Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. ISBN: 9780367755164 (hbk) ISBN: 9780367755188 (pbk) ISBN: 9781003162797 (ebk) DOI: 10.1201/9781003162797 Typeset in Palatino by Deanta Global Publishing Services, Chennai, India To my late parents (Mr. Rengasamy and Mrs. Thengani), wife (Dr. Sumathi Kasinathan), daughter (Dr. Sushma Kasinathan), and son (Shriram Kasinathan) Contents Contents Contents Foreword .............................................................................................................xvii Preface ...................................................................................................................xix About the Author ..............................................................................................xxiii 1. Environmental Regulations and Jurisdictions .........................................1 Introduction ......................................................................................................1 Environmental Impacts of Pollution .............................................................1 Human Health Impacts of Pollution .............................................................2 Air Pollution.................................................................................................2 Air Pollutants of Human Health Concern ..........................................2 Water Pollution ............................................................................................5 Water Contamination Sources ..............................................................5 Contaminated Soil ......................................................................................6 Soil Pollutants of Human Health Concern .........................................7 Lack of Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene ...................................................8 Economic Impacts of Pollution ......................................................................9 Environmental Awareness and the Need for Regulations ......................10 Major Disasters ..........................................................................................10 Dust Bowl of 1935 .................................................................................10 Great Smog of London 1952 ................................................................11 Bhopal Disaster .....................................................................................11 BP Oil Spill ............................................................................................12 History of Environmental Regulations in the U.S. ...................................13 Innovation and Pollution Control Technology ..........................................15 Conclusion ......................................................................................................17 Chapter 1 Review Questions ........................................................................18 Bibliography ....................................................................................................19 2. Agencies and Their Regulations as Applicable to Facilities ...............25 Introduction ....................................................................................................25 Federal Regulatory Agencies .......................................................................25 State Regulatory Agencies ............................................................................26 Local Regulatory Agencies ...........................................................................26 Air ....................................................................................................................27 Federal ........................................................................................................27 State .............................................................................................................28 Local ............................................................................................................29 Water ................................................................................................................29 Federal ........................................................................................................29 State .............................................................................................................30 Local ............................................................................................................30 vii viii Contents Waste ................................................................................................................30 Federal ........................................................................................................30 State .............................................................................................................31 Local ............................................................................................................31 Asbestos ..........................................................................................................31 Federal ........................................................................................................31 State .............................................................................................................32 Local ............................................................................................................32 Lead ..................................................................................................................33 Federal ........................................................................................................33 State .............................................................................................................33 Local ............................................................................................................33 Oil .....................................................................................................................34 Federal ........................................................................................................34 State .............................................................................................................34 Energy Assessments and Reduction Strategies .........................................35 Conclusion ......................................................................................................36 Chapter 2 Review Questions ........................................................................38 Bibliography ....................................................................................................39 3. Facilities and Operating Sources ...............................................................41 Introduction ....................................................................................................41 Boilers ..............................................................................................................42 Boiler Principle and Design .....................................................................43 Capacity ......................................................................................................44 Efficiency ....................................................................................................45 Boilers in a Facility Setting ......................................................................46 Required Building Code Compliance in New York City ....................46 Pollution Control Regulations for Boilers in New York City ..............47 Emergency Backup Power and On-Site Generators ..................................48 Capacity ......................................................................................................49 Emergency Generators and Code Compliance .....................................49 Pollution Control Regulations for Emergency Generators .................50 Air Handling Units ........................................................................................51 Capacity ......................................................................................................52 Efficiency ....................................................................................................52 Air Handling Units and Code Compliance ..........................................53 Air Pollution and AHUs ..........................................................................53 Cooling Towers...............................................................................................54 Benefits ........................................................................................................55 Cooling Tower Regulations .....................................................................55 Chillers ............................................................................................................56 Capacity ......................................................................................................58 Chillers and Code Compliance ...............................................................58 Air Pollution Control and Chillers .........................................................58 Contents ix Combined Heat and Power ..........................................................................59 Backflow Prevention Devices .......................................................................60 Compliance Requirements ......................................................................61 Additional Compliance Items ......................................................................61 Façade Inspections ....................................................................................61 Elevator Regulations .................................................................................62 Place of Assembly Permits .......................................................................62 Conclusion ......................................................................................................62 Chapter 3 Review Questions ........................................................................63 Bibliography ....................................................................................................65 4. Permitting, Estimations of Pollutions, Testing, Monitoring, Recordkeeping, and Reporting .................................................................69 Introduction ....................................................................................................69 Air Permitting ................................................................................................69 Identifying Emissions Sources ................................................................70 Preparing Facility-wide Emissions Inventory ......................................70 Permit Applications Based on the NO and HAPs Emissions ............80 x Review of Permit Limits and Compliance Determination .................82 Maintenance and Recordkeeping ...........................................................83 Water Discharge Permitting .........................................................................85 Identify Pollution Sources and Applicable Permits .............................85 Apply for an SPDES Permit .....................................................................86 Application Review ...................................................................................86 Compliance with Permit Conditions ......................................................87 Enforcement of Permit Conditions .........................................................87 Permit Renewals and Modification ........................................................87 Waste Storage and Disposal Permitting .....................................................89 Determining Permit Requirement ..........................................................90 Pre-application Meeting ...........................................................................90 Permit Application ....................................................................................90 Permit Review ...........................................................................................90 Compliance with Permit Conditions ......................................................91 Permit Renewals and Modifications ......................................................91 NYSDEC Hazardous Waste Annual Report .........................................91 Waste Transport .............................................................................................92 Applying for a Permit ...............................................................................92 Permit Compliance ...................................................................................93 Permit Renewals and Modifications ......................................................94 Building and Construction ...........................................................................94 Planning the Permitting Process ............................................................95 Filing an NYCDOB Application ..............................................................95 NYCDOB Application Review ................................................................96 Pulling Permits ..........................................................................................97 Special Inspections ...................................................................................97