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THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS This PDF is available at http://nap.edu/24960 SHARE Ū ſ Ŷ Þ Environmental Chemicals, the Human Microbiome, and Health Risk: A Research Strategy DETAILS 122 pages | 8.5 x 11 | PAPERBACK ISBN 978-0-309-46869-5 | DOI 10.17226/24960 CONTRIBUTORS GET THIS BOOK Committee on Advancing Understanding of the Implications of Environmental-Chemical Interactions with the Human Microbiome; Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology; Board on Life Sciences; Division on Earth FIND RELATED TITLES and Life Studies; National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Visit the National Academies Press at NAP.edu and login or register to get: – Access to free PDF downloads of thousands of scientiﬁc reports  – 10% off the price of print titles  – Email or social media notiﬁcations of new titles related to your interests  – Special offers and discounts Distribution, posting, or copying of this PDF is strictly prohibited without written permission of the National Academies Press. (Request Permission) Unless otherwise indicated, all materials in this PDF are copyrighted by the National Academy of Sciences. Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Environmental Chemicals, the Human Microbiome, and Health Risk: A Research Strategy Environmental Chemicals, the Human Microbiome, and Health Risk — A ReseARch s tRAtegy — Committee on Advancing Understanding of the Implications of Environmental-Chemical Interactions with the Human Microbiome Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology Board on Life Sciences Division on Earth and Life Studies A Consensus Study Report of Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Environmental Chemicals, the Human Microbiome, and Health Risk: A Research Strategy THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS 500 Fifth Street, NW Washington, DC 20001 This project was supported by Contract EP-C-14-005, TO#0012 between the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and the US Environmental Protection Agency, and Contract HHSN263201200074I, TO#HHSN26300097, US Department of Health and Human Services. Any opinions, fndings, conclusions, or rec - ommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily refect the view of the organizations or agencies that provided support for this project. International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-309-46869-5 International Standard Book Number-10: 0-309-46869-8 Digital Object Identifer: https://doi.org/10.17226/24960 Additional copies of this publication are available for sale from the National Academies Press, 500 Fifth Street, NW, Keck 360, Washington, DC 20001; (800) 624-6242 or (202) 334-3313; http://www.nap.edu. Copyright 2018 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America Suggested citation: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Environmental Chemicals, the Human Microbiome, and Health Risk: A Research Strategy. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: https://doi.org/10.17226/24960. Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Environmental Chemicals, the Human Microbiome, and Health Risk: A Research Strategy The National Academy of Sciences was established in 1863 by an Act of Congress, signed by President Lincoln, as a private, nongovernmental institution to advise the nation on issues related to science and technology. Members are elected by their peers for outstanding contributions to research. Dr. Marcia McNutt is president. The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964 under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences to bring the practices of engineering to advising the nation. Members are elected by their peers for extraordinary contributions to engineering. Dr. C. D. Mote, Jr., is president. The National Academy of Medicine (formerly the Institute of Medicine) was established in 1970 under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences to advise the nation on medical and health issues. Members are elected by their peers for distinguished contributions to medicine and health. Dr. Victor J. Dzau is president. The three Academies work together as the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to provide independent, objective analysis and advice to the nation and conduct other activities to solve complex problems and inform public policy decisions. The National Academies also encourage education and research, recognize outstanding contributions to knowledge, and increase public understanding in matters of science, engineering, and medicine. Learn more about the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine at www.nationalacademies.org. Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Environmental Chemicals, the Human Microbiome, and Health Risk: A Research Strategy Consensus Study Reports published by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine document the evidence-based consensus on the study’s statement of task by an authoring committee of ex- perts. Reports typically include fndings, conclusions, and recommendations based on information gathered by the committee and the committee’s deliberations. Each report has been subjected to a rigorous and independent peer-review process and it represents the position of the National Academies on the statement of task. Proceedings published by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine chronicle the presentations and discussions at a workshop, symposium, or other event convened by the National Academies. The statements and opinions contained in proceedings are those of the participants and are not endorsed by other participants, the planning committee, or the National Academies. For information about other products and activities of the National Academies, please visit www.national academies.org/about/whatwedo. Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Environmental Chemicals, the Human Microbiome, and Health Risk: A Research Strategy COMMITTEE ON ADVANCING UNDERSTANDING OF THE IMPLICATIONS OF ENVIRONMENTAL-CHEMICAL INTERACTIONS WITH THE HUMAN MICROBIOME Members RONALD M. ATLAS (Chair), University of Louisville, Louisville, KY KJERSTI M. AAGAARD, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX ELAINE HSIAO, University of California, Los Angeles, CA YVONNE HUANG, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI CURTIS HUTTENHOWER, Harvard University, Boston, MA ROSA KRAJMALNIK-BROWN, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ SUSAN LYNCH, University of California, San Francisco, CA WILLIAM W. NAZAROFF, University of California, Berkeley, CA ANDREW D. PATTERSON, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA JOHN F. RAWLS, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC JOSEPH V. RODRICKS, Ramboll Environ, Arlington, VA PAMELA SHUBAT (Retired), Minnesota Department of Health, MN BRIAN THRALL, Pacifc Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA Staff ELLEN K. MANTUS, Project Director ANDREA HODGSON, Associate Program Offcer MIRSADA KARALIC-LONCAREVIC, Manager, Technical Information Center RADIAH ROSE-CRAWFORD, Manager, Editorial Projects IVORY CLARKE, Research Assistant Sponsors US ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES v Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Environmental Chemicals, the Human Microbiome, and Health Risk: A Research Strategy BOARD ON ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES AND TOXICOLOGY Members WILLIAM H. FARLAND (Chair), Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO RICHARD A. BECKER, American Chemistry Council, Washington, DC E. WILLIAM COLGLAZIER, AAAS, Washington, DC DOMINIC M. DITORO, University of Delaware, Newark, DE DAVID C. DORMAN, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC CHARLES T. DRISCOLL, JR., Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY ANNE FAIRBROTHER, Exponent, Inc., Philomath, OR GEORGE GRAY, The George Washington University, Washington, DC STEVEN P. HAMBURG, Environmental Defense Fund, New York, NY ROBERT A. HIATT, University of California, San Francisco, CA SAMUEL KACEW, University of Ottawa, Ontario H. SCOTT MATTHEWS, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA ROBERT PERCIASEPE, Center for Climate and Energy Solutions, Arlington, VA R. CRAIG POSTLEWAITE, Department of Defense, Burke, VA MARK A. RATNER, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL JOAN B. ROSE, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI GINA M. SOLOMON, California Environmental Protection Agency, Sacramento, CA ROBERT M. SUSSMAN, Sussman and Associates, Washington, DC DEBORAH L. SWACKHAMER, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN PETER S. THORNE, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA Senior Staff TERESA A. FRYBERGER, Director ELLEN K. MANTUS, Scholar and Director of Risk Assessment RAYMOND A. WASSEL, Scholar and Director of Environmental Studies SUSAN N.J. MARTEL, Senior Program Offcer for Toxicology ELIZABETH BOYLE, Program Offcer TAMARA DAWSON, Program Associate BERNIDEAN WILLIAMS-SMITH, Financial Associate SUZANNE THILENIUS, Administrative Coordinator vi Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Environmental Chemicals, the Human Microbiome, and Health Risk: A Research Strategy BOARD ON LIFE SCIENCES Members JAMES P. COLLINS (Chair), Arizona State University A. ALONSO AGUIRRE, George Mason University ENRIQUETA C. BOND, Burroughs Wellcome Fund ROGER D. CONE, University of Michigan NANCY D. CONNELL, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School JOSEPH R. ECKER, Salk Institute for Biological Studies SCOTT V. EDWARDS, Harvard University SARAH C.R. ELGIN, Washington University, St. Louis ROBERT J. FULL, University of California, Berkeley ELIZABETH HEITMAN, Vanderbilt University Medical Center JUDITH KIMBLE, University of Wisconsin–Madison MARY E. MAXON, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory JILL P. MESIROV, University of California, San Diego KAREN E. NELSON, J. Craig Venter Institute CLAIRE POMEROY, Albert and Mary Lasker Foundation MARY E. POWER, University of California, Berkeley LANA SKIRBOLL, Sanof JANIS WEEKS, University of Oregon Senior Staff FRANCES SHARPLES, Director JO HUSBANDS, Senior Scholar JAY LABOV, Senior Scholar LIDA ANESTIDOU, Senior Program Offcer KATIE BOWMAN, Senior Program Offcer KEEGAN SAWYER, Senior Program Offcer AUDREY THEVENON, Program Offcer ANDREA HODGSON, Associate Program Offcer BETHELHEM MEKASHA, Financial Associate JENNA OGILVIE, Research Associate ANGELA KOLESNIKOVA, Senior Program Assistant AANIKA SENN, Senior Program Assistant vii Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Environmental Chemicals, the Human Microbiome, and Health Risk: A Research Strategy Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Environmental Chemicals, the Human Microbiome, and Health Risk: A Research Strategy Acknowledgments This Consensus Study Report was reviewed in draft The committee gratefully acknowledges the follow- form by individuals chosen for their diverse perspec- ing for their presentations to the committee during open tives and technical expertise. The purpose of this in- sessions: Tina Bahadori, US Environmental Protection dependent review is to provide candid and critical Agency; Lisa Chadwick, National Institute of Environ- comments that will assist the National Academies of mental Health Sciences; Jay Garland, US Environmen- Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine in making each tal Protection Agency; Elizabeth Grice, University of published report as sound as possible and to ensure that Pennsylvania; Kerry Kinney, University of Texas, Aus- it meets the institutional standards for quality, objectiv- tin; Laura Kolb, US Environmental Protection Agency; ity, evidence, and responsiveness to the study charge. Tamara Tal, US Environmental Protection Agency; The review comments and draft manuscript remain Peter Turnbaugh, University of California, San Fran- confdential to protect the integrity of the deliberative cisco; and Vincent Young, University of Michigan. The process. committee is also grateful for the assistance of Norman We thank the following individuals for their review Grossblatt who served as the report editor. of this report: Gary Ginsberg, Connecticut Department of Public Health Elizabeth Grice, University of Pennsylvania Karen Guillemin, University of Oregon Rob Knight, University of California, San Diego Kun Lu, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill Linda McCauley, Emory University M. Allen Northrup, MIODx Howard Rosen, AcelRx Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Joyce Tsuji, Exponent Lauren Zeise, California Environmental Protection Agency Although the reviewers listed above provided many constructive comments and suggestions, they were not asked to endorse the conclusions or recommendations of this report nor did they see the fnal draft before its release. The review of the report was overseen by Mi- chael Ladisch, Purdue University, and Charles Haas, Drexel University, who were responsible for making certain that an independent examination of the report was carried out in accordance with institutional pro- cedures and that all review comments were carefully considered. Responsibility for the fnal content rests entirely with the authoring committee and the National Academies. ix Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.