Environmental Aspects of Construction with Waste Materials PDF
Preview Environmental Aspects of Construction with Waste Materials
ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OF CONSTRUCTION WITH WASTE MATERIALS PROCEEDING OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS OF CONSTRUCTIONM ATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENTS, MAASTRICHT, THE NETHERLANDS, 1-3 JUNE 1994 http://avaxhome.ws/blogs/ChrisRedfield This Page intentionally left blank Studies in Environmental Science 60 ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OF CONSTRUCTION WITH WASTE MATERIALS PROCEEDING OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS OF CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENTS, MAASTRICHT, THE NETHERLANDS, 1-3 JUNE 1994 Edited by J.J.J.M. Goumans Netherlands Agency for Energy and the Environment (NOVEM), P. 0. Box 8242, 3503 RE Utrecht, The Netherlands H.A. van der Sloot Netherlands Energy Research Foundation (ECN), P.0 . Box 1, 1755 ZG Petten, The Netherlands Th. G. Aalbers National Institute of Public Health and Environmental Protection (RI VM), P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands ELSEVIER Amsterdam - London - NewYork - Tokyo 1994 ELSEVIER SCIENCE B.V. Molenwerf 1 P.O. Box 21 1,1000 AE Amsterdam, The Netherlands ISBN 0-444-818 53-7 0 1994 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher, Elsevier Science B.V., Copyright & Permissions Department, P.O. Box 521, 1000 AM Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Special regulations for readers in the U.S.A. - This publication has been registered with the Copyright Clearance Center Inc. (CCC), Salem, Massachusetts. Information can be obtained from the CCC about conditions under which photocopies of parts of this publication may be made in the U.S.A. All other copyright questions, including photocopying outside of the U.S.A., should be referred to the publisher. No responsibility is assumed by the publisher for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions or ideas contained in the material herein. This book is printed on acid-free paper. Printed in The Netherlands Studies in Environmental Science Other volumes in this series 1 Atmospheric Pollution 1978 edited by M.M. Benarie 2 Air Pollution Reference Measurement Methods and Systems edited by T. Schneider, H.W. de Koning and L.J. Brasser 3 Biogeochemical Cycling of Mineral-Forming Elements edited by P.A. Trudinger and D.J. Swaine 4 PotentialI ndustrialC arcinogensa nd Mutagens by L. Fishbein 5 IndustrialW aste Management by S.E. Jergensen 6 Tradeand Environment: ATheoretical Enquiry by H. Siebert, J. Eichberger, R. Gronych and R. Pethig 7 Field Worker Exposure during Pesticide Application edited by W.F. Tordoir and E.A.H. van Heemstra-Lequin 8 Atmospheric Pollution1980 edited by M.M. Benarie 9 Energetics and Technology of Biological Eliminationo f Wastes edited by G. Milazzo 10 Bioengineering,Thermal Physiologya nd Comfort edited by K. Cena and J.A. Clark 11 Atmospheric Chemistry. Fundamental Aspects by E. Meszaros 12 Watersupply and Health edited by H. van Lelyveld and B.C.J. Zoeteman 13 Man under Vibration. Suffering and Protection edited by G. Bianchi, K.V. Frolov and A. Oledzki 14 Principleso f Environmental Science and Technology by S.E.J ergensen and I. Johnsen 15 Disposalo f RadioactiveW astes by Z. Dlouhy 16 Mankind and Energy edited by A. Blanc-Lapierre 17 Quality of Groundwater edited by W. van Duijvenbooden, P. Glasbergen and H. van Lelyveld 18 Educationa nd Safe Handling in PesticideA pplication edited by E.A.H. van Heemstra-Lequin and W.F. Tordoir 19 PhysicochemicalM ethods for Water and Wastewater Treatment edited by L. Pawlowski 20 Atmospheric Pollution 1982 edited by M.M. Benarie 21 Air Pollution by NRrogen Oxides edited by T. Schneider and L. Grant 22 Environmental Radioanalysis by H.A. Das, A. Faanhof and H.A. van der Sloot 23 Chemistry for Protectiono f the Environment edited by L. Pawlowski, A.J. Verdier and W.J. Lacy 24 Determination and Assessment of PesticideE xposure edited by M. Siewierski 25 The Biosphere: Problems and Solutions edited by T.N. VezirMlu 26 Chemical Events in the Atmosphere and their Impact on the Environment edited by G.B. Marini-Bettolo 27 Fluoride Research 1985 edited by H. Tsunoda and Ming-Ho Yu 28 Algal Biofouling edited by L.V. Evans and K.D. Hoagland 29 Chemistryfor Protectionof the Environment 1985 edited by L. Pawlowski, G. Alaerts and W.J. Lacy 30 Acidification and its Policy Implications edited by T. Schneider 31 Teratogens: Chemicals which Cause Birth Defects edited by V. Kolb Meyers 32 Pesticidechemistry by G. Matolcsy, M. Nadasy and Y. Andriska 33 Principleso f EnvironmentalS cience and Technology (second revised edition) by S.E. Jergensen and I. Johnsen 34 Chemistry for Protectiono f the Environment 1987 edited by L. Pawlowski, E. Mentasti, W.J. Lacy and C. Sarzanini 35 Atmospheric Ozone Research and its Policy Implications edited by T. Schneider, S.D. Lee, G.J.R. Wolters and L.D. Grant 36 Valuation Methods and Policy Making in Environmental Economics edited by H. Folmer and E. van lerland 37 Asbestos in Natural Environment by H. Schreier 38 How to Conquer Air Pollution. A Japanese Experience edited by H. Nishimura 39 Aquatic BioenvironmentalS tudies: The Hanford Experience, 1944-1984 by C.D. Becker 40 Radon in the Environment by M. Wilkening 41 Evaluationo f Environmental Data for Regulatory and Impact Assessment by S. Ramamoorthy and E. Baddaloo 42 Environmental Biotechnology edited by A. Blazej and V. Privarova 43 Applied Isotope Hydrogeology by F.J. Pearson Jr., W. Balderer, H.H. Loosli, B.E. Lehmann, A. Matter, Tj. Peters, H. Schmassmann and A. Gautschi 44 Highway Pollution edited by R.S. Hamilton and R.M. Harrison 45 Freight Transport and the Environment edited by M. Kroon, R. Smit and J.van Ham 46 Acidification Research inThe Netherlands edited by G.J. Heij and T. Schneider 47 Handbook of Radioactive Contamination and Decontamination by J. Severa and J. Bar 48 Waste Materials in Construction edited by J.J.J.M. Goumans, H.A. van der Sloot and Th.G. Aalbers 49 Statistical Methods in Water Resources by D.R. Helsel and R.M. Hirsch 50 Acidification Research: Evaluation and Policy Applications edited by TSchneider 51 Biotechniques for Air Pollution Abatement and Odour Control Policies edited by A.J. Dragt and J. van Ham 52 EnvironmentalS cience Theory. Concepts and Methods in a OneWorld, Problem-Oriented Paradigm by W.T. de Groot 53 Chemistry and Biology of Water, Air and Soil. Environmental Aspects edited by J. Tolgyessy 54 The Removal of NitrogenC ompoundsf rom Wastewater by B. Halling-Serensen and S.E. Jergensen 55 Environmental Contamination edited by J.-P. Vernet 56 The Reclamation of Former Coal Mines and Steelworks by I.G. Richards, J.P. Palmer and P.A. Barratt 57 Natural Analogue Studies in the Geological Disposalo f Radioactive Wastes by W. Miller, R. Alexander, N. Chapman, I. McKinley and J. Smellie 58 Water and Peace in the Middle East edited by J. Isaac and H. Shuval 59 Environmental Oriented Electrochemistry edited by C.A.C. Sequiera vii mREw0RD The Organizing and Scientific Committees of the Second International Conference on Environmental Implications of Construction Materials and Technology Developments, WASCON '94, present herewith the Proceedings of this Conference, which will be held from 1-3 June, 1994 in Maastricht, The Netherlands. SCOPE OF THE CONFERENCE The concept of "Sustainable Development", implicating the protection of soil and groundwater, the limitation of waste production and the re-use of solid waste materials is still the leading theme of WASCON '94. Although it is clearly recognized in most countries that products derived from solid waste materials can be applied as construction materials, research is still needed to assess various environmental problems. With respect to the prediction and control of release of contaminants, there is a trend towards consensus on the usage of the various leaching tests which have been developed. In addition, scientific research regarding, e.g., speciation of chemical elements is generating results which can be transferred to technical studies and also to more general studies dealing with environmental and life cycle analysis. As is reflected in the amount of contributions, two topics are currently the subject of study in many countries. Firstly, there is the problem of municipal waste, stabilization of waste materials and their use in civil works is the subject of research and legislation. Within these fields it can be seen that transfer of knowledge and know-how is helping to find environmentally acceptable solutions, also with respect to establishing criteria and standards. Secondly, as far as technology development is concerned, it can be seen that research has encompassed a wider variety of materials. Furthermore, quality control and standardization has been applied to these types of materials. The incorporation of environmental quality standards is the next step to be taken, and is already the subject of some studies. In general, technical studies are often already accompanied by environmental aspects as an integral part of research. The Organizing Committee hopes that WASCON '94 will contribute to the solution of environmental and technical problems concerning the re-use of waste materials and, thus, to sustainable development in building practice. SCIENTIFIC COOPERATION The International Society for Construction with Alternative Materials (ISCOWA) was founded as a result of the First Conference, held in 1991. To date over 110 members from 15 different countries have been registered, and the Society is still growing. ISCOWA is actively participating in the scientific committee and in the organization of WASCON '94. Many ISCOWA members have submitted contributions to the Conference, arid the Chairmen of the ISCOWA working groups have prepared state-of-the-art documents. viii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Organizing an international conference means a lot of work for many people, we therefore wish to express our thanks to the following: The members of the Honorary Committee and the Scientific Committee. The Dutch National Institute of Public Health and Environmental Protection (RIVM), the Netherlands Energy Research Foundation (ECN), Environment Canada, The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USA-EPA), Community Bureau of References, Commission of the European Community (BCR), The Danish National Agency for Environmental Protection, European Association for Use of the By-products of Coal Fired Power Stations E.V. (ECOBA), the Center for Applied Research, Norway, and the Netherlands Agency for Energy and the Environment (NOVEM) for supporting the Conference. The Netherlands Ministries of Housing, Physical Planning and the Environment and of Economic Affairs, which have sponsored the Conference. Van Namen and Westerlaken Congress Organization Services, De Boer and Van TeyIingen Public Relations and the staff of Elsevier Science B.V. All Authors, Participants of the Conference, and all others who have contributed to WASCON '94. On behalf of the Organizing Committee, Dr J.J.J.M. Goumans Chairman of ISCOWA Utrecht, The Netherlands, 21 March 1994 ix CONTENTS Preface ................................................................................................... vii SECTION 1: Opening The International Ash Working Group: A Treatise on Residues from MSW Incinerators .............................................................................................. 3 S.E. SAWELL, A.J. CHANDLER, T.T. EIGHMY, J. HARTLEN, 0. HJELMAR, D. KOSSON, H.A. VAN DER SLOOT and J. VEHLOW International Progress in Solid Waste Management .............................................. 7 J.H. SKINNER Life Cycle Analyses; Results of Some Case Studies ............................................. 17 J. CRAMER SECTION 2: Environmental Aspects Chemical Processes Controlling the Mobility of Waste Material Contaminants in Soils .. 31 L.G. WESSELINK, P.M. DEKKER and T.G. AALBERS Leaching of Slags and Ashes - Controlling Factors in Field Experiments versus Laboratory Tests ....................................................................................... 39 A.-M. FALLMAN and J. HARTLEN Validation of Leaching Model on Actual Structures ............................................. 55 G. VAN DER WEGEN and C. VAN DER PLAS Intercompanson of Leaching Tests for Stabilized Waste ...................................... 63 H.A. VAN DER SLOOT, G.J.L. VAN DER WEGEN, D. HOEDE and G.J. DE GROOT Immobilisation Potential of Cementitious Materials ............................................... 77 F.P. GLASSER Coal Fly-Ash Leaching Behaviour and Solubility Controlling Solids ........................ 87 R. GARAVAGLIA and P. CARAMUSCIO Modelling Ca-Solubility in MSWI Bottom Ash Leachates .................................... 103 R.N.J. COMANS and J.A. MEIMA Particle Petrogenesis and Speciation of Elements in MSW Incineration Bottom Ashes . . 111 T.T. EIGHMY, J.D. EUSDEN, JR., K. MARSELLA, J. HOGAN, D. DOMINGO, J.E. KRZANOWSKI and D. STAMPFLI
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