Environment and politics

332 Pages·2008·2.027 MB·English

by  Timothy Doyle, Doug McEachern

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Environment and Politics
Third edition
Environment and Politicsis a concise introduction to the study of environmental
politics, explaining the key concepts, conflicts, political systems and the practices of
policy making to solve environmental problems worldwide. The authors examine the
institutional responses of parliaments, administrative, lergal and electoral systems;
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the more informal politics of non-governmental organisations and social movements;
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and the politics of business as it responds to the greeening of our society.
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This third edition provides a large amount of new material and expands the discussion
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of differences in environmental politics between liberal democracies, military
dictatorships and one-party states. It looks at f uture developments for effective local
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and international environmental diplomacy oand both global and region-specific
problem solving. A selection of case studi es investigating theories and practice of
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environmental politics in countries such as China, Thailand, Burma, Iran, Nigeria,
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Cuba, The Philippines, India, Ecuadori, Mexico, Hungary and Bosnia–Herzegovina
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are introduced, and the book importantly addresses the growth in green politics
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outside of mainstream, liberal-demeocratic, Western models of politics. Also added
are case studies on issues such asv genetically modified organisms (GMOs); food
sovereignty, road-building, enviironmental and energy security, alternative
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technology, mining, water and dam-building, nuclear power and disarmament. The
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growing nexus between religious NGOs and the green movement, in Christian,
Muslim and Buddhist cont exts is discussed and recent developments in the new
social movement theory are introduced, with philosophical and political differences
articulated between three forms of environmentalism: post-materialism;
post-industrialism; and post-colonialism. In many ways thedefining feature of
this third edition is extended research into business responses to the environment
in relation to the powerful current issue of climate change, and the impact of
globalisation on all forms of green politics.
Environment and Politics– as with its first two editions – continues to draw on a
wealth of original examples – from North and South America, Europe, Asia, Africa
and Australia – and provides the reader with a greater understanding of international,
national and local environmental politics. It also looks at future developments
for effective local and international environmental diplomacy and both global and
region-specific problem solving.
Timothy Doyleis Professor of Politics and International Relations, SPIRE, Keele
University, United Kingdom; Doug McEachernis Professor, and Pro-Vice
Chancellor (Research) at the University of Western Australia.
Routledge Introductions to Environment Series
Published and Forthcoming Titles
Titles under Series Editors: Titles under Series Editor:
Rita Gardner and A.M. Mannion David Pepper
Environmental Science texts Environment and Society texts
Atmospheric Processes and Systems Environment and Politics
Natural Environmental Change Environment and Philosophy
Biodiversity and Conservation Environment and Social Theory
Ecosystems Energy, Society and Environment,
Environmental Biology 2nd edition
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Using Statistics to Understand The Environmeent and Tourism
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Environment Gender eand Environment
Coastal Systems Enviroxnment and Business
Environmental Physics EnviEronment and Politics, 2nd edition
Environmental Chemistry En vironment and Law
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Biodiversity and conservation, Eonvironment & Society

2nd Edition yEnvironmental Policy
Ecosystems, 2nd Edition tRepresenting the Environment
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sSustainable Development
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e Environment and Social Theory,
v 2nd edition
ni Environmental Values
U Environment and Politics, 3rd Edition
Environment and Politics
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Third editioen
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Timothy Doyle and Doug McEachern
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First published 1998
Reprinted 1999
Second edition 2001
Third edition 2008
by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN
Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada
by Routledge
270 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group
This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library,2 007.
“To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s
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collection of thousands of eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk.”
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© 2008 Timothy Doyle and Doug McEachern t
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All rights reserved. No part of this book may xbe reprinted or reproduced
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or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means,
now known or hereafter invented, includin g photocopying and recording,
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or in any information storage or retrievaol system, without permission in
writing from the publishers.
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British Library Cataloguing in Pubilication Data
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A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
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Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
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Doyle, Timothy, 1960–
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Environment and politics / Timothy Doyle and Doug McEachern. – 3rd ed.
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p. cm.
Includes bibliographic al references and index.
ISBN 978-0-415-38052-2 (hardcover) – ISBN 978-0-415-38051-5 (softcover).
1. Environmental policy. 2. Green movement–Political aspects.
I. McEachern, Doug. II. Title.
GE170.D69 2007
363.7–dc22
2007000043
ISBN 0-203-93297-8 Master e-book ISBN
ISBN10: 0–415–38051–0 (pbk)
ISBN10: 0–415–38052–9 (hbk)
ISBN13: 978–0–415–38051–5 (pbk)
ISBN13: 978–0–415–38052–2 (hbk)
Contents
Series editor’s preface vii
List of plates r xi
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List of figures and tables t xiii
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List of boxes x xv
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Preface to third edition xvii

Preface to second edition f xxiii
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Preface to first edition xxvii
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Acknowledgements t xxix
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Introduction 1
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Chapter 1 Politics aind environmental studies 16
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Chapter 2 PoliticUal theories and environmental conflict 48

Chapter 3 Environmental politics in social movements 84
Chapter 4 Green non-governmental organisations 123
Chapter 5 Political parties and the environment 157
Chapter 6 Business politics and the environment 187
Chapter 7 Institutional politics and policy making: the greening
of administration 221
Conclusion: environment and politics 258
Notes 263
Bibliography 269
Index 291
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Series editor’s preface
Environment and
Society titles
The modern environmentalist movement grew hugely in the last third of
the twentieth century. It reflected popular and academic concerns about
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the local and global degradation of the pheysical environment which was
increasingly being documented by scieenttists (and which is the subject of
the companion series to this, Environxmental Science). However it soon
became clear that reversing such deEgradation was not merely a technical
and managerial matter: merely kn owing about environmental problems
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did not of itself guarantee that goovernments, businesses or individuals
would do anything about themy . It is now acknowledged that a critical
understanding of socio-econtomic, political and cultural processes and
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structures is central in undesrstanding environmental problems and
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establishing environmenetally sustainable development. Hence the
maturing of environmevntalism has been marked by prolific scholarship
in the social sciencesn iand humanities, exploring the complexity of
society-environmenUt relationships.
Such scholarship has been reflected in a proliferation of associated
courses at undergraduate level. Many are taught within the ‘modular’ or
equivalent organisational frameworks which have been widely adopted in
higher education. These frameworks offer the advantages of flexible
undergraduate programmes, but they also mean that knowledge may
become segmented, and student learning pathways may arrange
knowledge segments in a variety of sequences – often reflecting the
individual requirements and backgrounds of each student rather than
more traditional discipline-bound ways of arranging learning.
The volumes in this Environment and Society series of textbooks
mirror this higher educational context, increasingly encountered in the
early twenty-first century. They provide short, topic-centred texts
on social science and humanities subjects relevant to contemporary
society-environment relations. Their content and approach reflect the fact
viii • Series editor’s preface
that each will be read by students from various disciplinary backgrounds,
taking in not only social sciences and humanities but others such as
physical and natural sciences. Such a readership is not always familiar
with the disciplinary background to a topic, neither are readers
necessarily going on to further develop their interest in the topic.
Additionally, they cannot all automatically be thought of as having
reached a similar stage in their studies – they may be first-, second- or
third-year students.
The authors and editors of this series are mainly established teachers in
higher education. Finding that more traditional integrated environmental
studies and specialised texts do not always meet their own students’
requirements, they have often had to write course materials more
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appropriate to the needs of the flexible undergraduate programme. Many
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of the volumes in this series represent in mtodified form the fruits of such
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labours, which all students can now share.
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Much of the integrity and distinctiveness of the Environment and Society

titles derives from their characterisftic approach. To achieve the right mix
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of flexibility, breadth and depth, each volume is designed to create

maximum accessibility to readeyrs from a variety of backgrounds and
attainment. Each leads into itsi ttopic by giving some necessary basic
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grounding, and leaves it usually by pointing towards areas for further
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potential development ande study. There is introduction to the real-world
context of the text’s mainv topic, and to the basic concepts and questions in
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social sciences/humaninties which are most relevant. At the core of the text
is some exploration oUf the main issues. Although limitations are imposed
here by the need to retain a book length and format affordable to students,
some care is taken to indicate how the themes and issues presented may
become more complicated, and to refer to the cognate issues and concepts
that would need to be explored to gain deeper understanding. Annotated
reading lists, case studies, overview diagrams, summary charts and self-
check questions and exercises are among the pedagogic devices which we
try to encourage our authors to use, to maximise the ‘student friendliness’
of these books.
Hence we hope that these concise volumes provide sufficient depth to
maintain the interest of students with relevant backgrounds. At the same
time, we try to ensure that they sketch out basic concepts and map their
territory in a stimulating and approachable way for students to whom the
whole area is new. Hopefully, the list of Environment and Society titles
will provide modular and other students with an unparalleled range of
Series editor’s preface • ix
perspectives on society-environment problems: one which should also be
useful to students at both postgraduate and pre-higher education levels.
David Pepper
May 2000
Series International Advisory Board
Australasia: Dr P. Curson and Dr P. Mitchell, Macquarie University
North America: Professor L. Lewis, Clarkr University; Professor
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L. Rubinoff, Trent University
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Europe: Professor P. Glasbergen, University of Utrecht; Professor van
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Dam-Mieras, Open University, TheE Netherlands

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