ebook img

Environment and Business (Routledge Introductions to Environment) PDF

237 Pages·2000·2.33 MB·English
Save to my drive
Quick download
Download
Most books are stored in the elastic cloud where traffic is expensive. For this reason, we have a limit on daily download.

Preview Environment and Business (Routledge Introductions to Environment)

Environment and Business Increasingly, the public are becoming aware of the interactions and conflicts between business and the environment. Controversies, such as BSE, fox hunting and GM crops, highlight the growing importance these issues are assuming in everyday life. Further examples are government transport policy and the growing tourism and leisure industries. At the same time, the public are now consumers of the environment, for which they are willing to pay. Business has seen the need to take on a ‘green mantle’, while at the same time the environmental movement has refined its opinions of business. Environment and Business examines in depth the ways in which business, industry, the physical environment, environmentalism and social change have evolved alongside each other. Business responses to environmental influences fall within a spectrum, between attempts to ignore external pressures, to viewing the changes as an opportunity. Business is not seen as a uniform activity. Many books restrict their coverage to manufacturing industries’ relationship with the environment—this innovative text widens the debate. Special attention is paid to both the primary industries which are in close contact with the environment and to the tertiary industries which now make up the bulk of the economy and which are shown to be subject to environmental influences in numerous ways. Environment and Business assumes no previous knowledge of business studies, to discuss how businesses and the environment interact. It introduces students to a range of beliefs, rather than advocating a single approach. The authors use boxed case studies to highlight how business practice and the environment interact at levels from local to global, with examples from multinational companies, government bodies, national charities and local enterprise. Alasdair Blair and David Hitchcock both lecture at the University of Westminster. Routledge Introductions to Environment Series Published and Forthcoming Titles Titles under Series Editors: Rita Gardner and A.M.Mannion Environmental Science texts Atmospheric Processes and Systems Natural Environmental Change Biodiversity and Conservation Ecosystems Environmental Biology Using Statistics to Understand the Environment Forthcoming: Coastal Systems (November 2000) Environmental Physics (May 2001) Titles under Series Editor: David Pepper Environment and Society texts Environment and Philosophy Environment and Politics Energy, Society and Environment Environment and Social Theory Gender and Environment Environment and Business Environment and Tourism Environment and Planning (September 2001) Routledge Introductions to Environment Series Environment and Business Alasdair Blair and David Hitchcock London and New York First published 2001 by Routledge 11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Routledge 29 West 35th Street, New York, NY 10001 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2005. “To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s collection of thousands of eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk.” © 2001 Alasdair Blair and David Hitchcock The right of Alasdair Blair and David Hitchcock to be identified as the Authors of this Work has been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Blair, A.M. (Alasdair McMillan), 1950– Environment and business/Alasdair Blair, David Hitchcock. p. cm. —(Routledge introductions to environment series) Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Industrial management—Environmental aspects. 2. Environmental policy. I. Hitchcock, David. II. Title. III. Series. HD30.255.B53 2000 658.4′08—dc21 00–038256 ISBN 0-203-00533-3 Master e-book ISBN ISBN 0-415-20830-0 (hbk) ISBN 0-415-20831-9 (pbk) To Gordon Lloyd Blair (1918–1997) and George Henry Hitchcock (1924– 1999). Two men who never met, who never even knew each other but who through the support and guidance to their sons made this book possible. Contents List of figures vii List of tables viii List of boxes ix Series editor’s preface x List of abbreviations xii Introduction: the environment and business 1 1 Environment and business: the nature of the relationships 5 2 The changing relationships through time 22 3 Environmental business perspectives: assets, costs and externalities 39 4 Environmental business necessities: the pressures which cannot be ignored 66 5 Environmental business opportunities: business becomes pro-active 89 6 Primary industries: using resources directly 107 7 Secondary industries: adding value and carrying the burden 129 8 Tertiary industries: the hidden environmental issues 142 9 Environmental business 158 10 Environment and business: the future of the relationships 181 Glossary 195 Websites 199 Bibliography 202 Index 215 Figures 0.1 Different ways of seeing the environment 4 1.1 Impact and dependence on the environment 10 3.1 Relationship between the internal and external business environment 42 3.2 Examples of spatial externality fields 51 3.3 Emissions trading theory 53 4.1 The relationship between external pressures on business and behaviour 68 4.2 The origins of the external influences upon business 69 4.3 The business response cycle 71 4.4 Power and effectiveness in influencing decision-making 75 5.1 Alternative business decisions for environmental business opportunities 93 5.2 Constraints to business seizing opportunities 96 5.3 The contrast between the technical fix and fixing the causes 104 6.1 Models of environmental determinism 108 6.2 Relationship between farm system and the environment 113 6.3 Behavioural differences according to farmer type 116 6.4 Farmers’ choices in pluriactivity 125 7.1 The construction cycle 137 8.1 The retailing environment—overview 146 8.2 Environmental pressures on retailing 151 8.3 Environmental opportunities for retailing 154 9.1 CANPOs-The Third Way of conservation? 162 9.2 Profit and preservation: conserving the English country house 168 9.3 Environmental business clubs in the UK 176 9.4 The Groundwork Trust network 177 Tables 1.1 Companies’ responses to environment: the range of policies 12 1.2 Distribution of Gross Domestic Product between industrial sectors in selected countries, 1995 16 1.3 Business/environmental philosophies 18 2.1 Employment in the three industrial sectors in the UK 27 2.2 Comparative developments in environment, business, agriculture, industry and environmentalism 37 over time 3.1 A typology of costs, assets and externalities relating to the environment 40 3.2 Examples of environmental assets, costs and externalities 41 3.3 Public costs—expenditure on the environment in the UK and Germany, 1990 48 3.4 Expenditure on the environment by different groups in the UK, 1990–91 48 5.1 Business attitudes to the environment 94 5.2 Environmental objectives and opportunities 94 5.3 Restrictions on mushroom pickers in the Olympic Peninsula, Washington State 102 5.4 Personal behaviour of consumers in relation to the environment 103 6.1 Primary industries and resource management 110 6.2 Comparative environmental impacts of different types of beef production systems in New York State, 114 Brazil and the Sahel 6.3 Uptake of agri-environmental schemes in England, 1994–98 119 6.4 Pollution pressures on farming 121 7.1 Main environmental impacts from various construction works 135 8.1 A typology of service industries 144 8.2 Environmental impacts of service sector industries 145 8.3 Geographical patterns of retailing 147 8.4 Sainsbury’s air emissions 149 8.5 Typical store energy use 149 8.6 Sainsbury’s road transport and the environment 149 9.1 English CANPOs’ activities 163 9.2 Woodland Trust sources of income 164 9.3 Media and the environment 172 Boxes 2.1 King Coal and the Industrial Revolution 28 2.2 Railways, the Industrial Revolution and the environment 30 3.1 Brent Spar 46 3.2 Monsanto and genetically modified organisms 46 3.3 Royal Dutch Shell environmental policy 58 3.4 Green accounting guidelines produced by the Society of Management Accountants, Canada 60 3.5 Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu’s CER score card system 62 5.1 The National Trust’s business enterprises 93 5.2 English Heritage and the movies 97 5.3 Envirologic—using legislation to create opportunities 99 5.4 Big game hunting and conservation 100 5.5 DETR and sustainable business 101 6.1 Australia’s Landcare scheme 119 6.2 Late twentieth-century agricultural technology 123 6.3 Farm Holiday Bureau (FHB) 125 7.1 The environment preference method 139 8.1 Retail location change and causes of change 147 8.2 The Chimes shopping centre development and the environment 155 9.1 Business methods for conservation organizations 162 9.2 The Gilt and the Gingerbread—Beaulieu: conservation and commerce 167 9.3 EBI Consultancy 174 10.1 Corporate Environmental Engagement 190 10.2 Lobbying against the climate change levy 190

See more

The list of books you might like

Most books are stored in the elastic cloud where traffic is expensive. For this reason, we have a limit on daily download.