Entrepreneurship and Innovation in Sport and Leisure

185 Pages·2022·3.544 MB·English

by  Simon Mosey, Richard Shipway, Chris Symons

Entrepreneurship and
Innovation in Sport and
Leisure
This innovative textbook explains how sport and leisure organisations can
become more entrepreneurial in order to achieve sustainable growth. It
introduces key tools, techniques, and approaches that can help sport and
leisure organisations put entrepreneurship at the centre of their culture.
Drawing on cutting-edge research, innovation discourses, and perspectives
from multiple disciplines, the book introduces fundamental concepts in
entrepreneurship, innovation, and enterprise, such as digitalisation, research
and development (R&D), diversification, extendibility, and sustainability. It
highlights future innovation challenges, provides innovative solutions, and
introduces a new diagnostic tool for managing entrepreneurship and
innovation. The book presents insights on everyday management challenges
from experienced industry practitioners and considers the importance of social
enterprise and social entrepreneurship at a time of austerity, recession, and
increasing uncertainty.
Full of real-world cases and scenarios, as well as useful features to
encourage critical reflection, this book is essential reading for any course on
entrepreneurship taken as part of a degree course in sport management
leisure, sports studies, recreation, event studies, entertainment management or
tourism. It is also fascinating reading for practitioners looking to improve their
professional skills.
Simon Mosey is the Director of the Haydn Green Institute (HGI) for
Entrepreneurship and Innovation, Nottingham University Business School,
University of Nottingham, UK.
Richard Shipway is an associate professor in sport event management,
Department of Sport and Event Management, Bournemouth University
Business School, Bournemouth University, UK.
Chris Symons is a leading sport and leisure executive with over 30 years‘
experience in leading leisure organisations and building engaging experiences.
Chris is based in Bournemouth, UK.

Entrepreneurship and
Innovation in Sport
and Leisure
Simon Mosey, Richard Shipway,
and Chris Symons
Cover image: Technogym UK
First published 2023
by Routledge
4 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
and by Routledge
605 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10158
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
© 2023 Simon Mosey, Richard Shipway, and Chris Symons
The right of Simon Mosey, Richard Shipway, and Chris Symons to be
identified as authors of this work has been asserted in accordance with
sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced
or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means,
now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording,
or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in
writing from the publishers.
Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or
registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and
explanation without intent to infringe.
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Mosey, Simon, author. | Shipway, Richard, author. | Symons,
Chris, author.
Title: Entrepreneurship and innovation in sport and leisure / Simon
Mosey, Richard Shipway, and Chris Symons.
Description: Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2023. |
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2022025958 | ISBN 9781032107783 (hardback) | ISBN
9781032018836 (paperback) | ISBN 9781003217015 (ebook)
Subjects: LCSH: Sports administration. | Entrepreneurship. |
Sports‐‐Technological innovations. | Leisure‐‐Economic aspects.
Classification: LCC GV713 .M67 2023 | DDC 796.06/9‐‐dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2022025958
ISBN: 978-1-032-10778-3 (hbk)
ISBN: 978-1-032-01883-6 (pbk)
ISBN: 978-1-003-21701-5 (ebk)
DOI: 10.4324/9781003217015
Typeset in Palatino
by MPS Limited, Dehradun
Simon would like to thank Mum and Dad for
showing me how to have a healthy balance between
wellbeing and competitiveness and Suzie, Charlotte,
and Alex for showing me there is much more to life
than work.
Richard would like to thank Sophie and Dad for
highlighting the importance of prioritising our sport
and leisure activities including playing football,
occasionally running, holidays, hanging out at the
beach, swimming, and going for bike rides. Health is
wealth.
Chris would like to thank my two old academic
friends from university for involving me in this book.
Thanks, as ever to my wife Kristina, the only real
author in our household.
In different circumstances, this book would probably
have four authors, if Dave was still with us. His
kindness, generosity, and unique sense of humour
are fondly remembered.

CONTENTS
Figures x
Tables xi
Case Studies xii
Preface xiii
Acknowledgements xiv
Chapter 1 Building an Entrepreneurial Sport or Leisure Organisation 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Meaning and importance of entrepreneurial practices for sport
and leisure 6
1.3 Understanding innovation 11
1.4 Innovation: Meaning, importance, and definitions for sport and
leisure 11
1.5 Harmonising entrepreneurship and innovation for sport and
leisure 19
1.6 Why does innovation occur? 20
1.7 Understanding organisational change 21
1.8 Determining innovation challenges in sport and leisure
industries 22
1.9 Conclusion 24
Chapter 2 Entrepreneurial Strategy for Sport and Leisure 27
2.1 Introduction: Positioning your sport and leisure organisation 27
2.2 The entrepreneurial view of strategy for the sport and leisure
sectors 28
2.3 Entrepreneurial versus administrative approaches to strategy:
The sport and leisure continuum of entrepreneurial
management 29
2.4 What are the core competencies of a sport or leisure
organisation? 30
2.5 What a core competence is not 31
2.6 Extending core competencies through dynamic capabilities 32
2.7 Doing it differently for sport and leisure: Consider a Blue Ocean
Strategy 33
2.8 Competing in a Red Ocean and developing a Blue Ocean
Strategy 33
2.9 Paradigm shifts for sport and leisure: Doing without and doing
differently 34
2.10 Conclusion: Entrepreneurial strategy in practice 40
2.11 Example case responses 42
vii
viii Contents
Chapter 3 Sport and Leisure Entrepreneurial Strategy in Practice 45
3.1 Introduction 45
3.2 An overview of interviewees/participants 45
3.3 The need for entrepreneurial strategy 46
3.4 Insight from the experts: Strategy in practice for sport and
leisure 47
3.5 Conclusion 59
Chapter 4 Entrepreneurial Culture and Leadership in Sport and
Leisure 61
4.1 Introduction: Culture and leadership considerations for sport and
leisure (SL) 61
4.2 Organisational structure for entrepreneurship in sport and
leisure 64
4.3 Rules, regulations, policies, and inappropriate bureaucracy 65
4.4 People: Recruitment and motivation for entrepreneurship in
sport and leisure 68
4.5 Entrepreneurial leadership: Empowering people to identify and
solve problems 71
4.6 Sport and leisure experiences and leadership for value
creation 75
4.7 Conclusion: Diagnosis of an entrepreneurial culture in sport and
leisure 78
Chapter 5 Entrepreneurial Culture: In Practice 81
5.1 Introduction 81
5.2 Insights from the experts: The importance of entrepreneurial
culture in practice 81
5.3 Conclusion 91
Chapter 6 Interaction with External Stakeholders and the Importance of
Sport and Leisure ‘Communities’ 93
6.1 Introduction 93
6.2 Building communities: The importance of the sport and leisure
sectors and stakeholder engagement 99
6.3 A network approach to innovation: Moving towards the fifth
generation for sport and leisure 102
6.4 Combining and recombining to find new value for sport and
leisure 106
6.5 How to open up innovation for sport and leisure
organisations 107
6.6 Looking to the extremes 109
6.7 Conclusion 113
Contents ix
Chapter 7 Sport and Leisure Ecosystems 122
7.1 Introduction 122
7.2 Entrepreneurial ecosystems for sport and leisure 122
7.3 Innovation in sport and leisure isn’t binary: It’s ecosystems 127
7.4 The future of sport and leisure ecosystems 135
7.5 Conclusion 146
Chapter 8 The Future for Entrepreneurship and Innovation in Sport and
Leisure 149
8.1 Introduction 149
8.2 Future innovation challenges – Understanding How and Where
to innovate for the health and fitness market 149
8.3 Future innovation challenges: Taking a step back in order to
spring forward: Future star gazing for sport and leisure 151
8.4 Innovation challenge discussion points 154
8.5 Diagnosing an entrepreneurial change programme for sport and
leisure organisations 154
8.6 Examples of entrepreneurial change programmes 156
8.7 Conclusion 163
Index 165