Entrepreneurial Universities in Innovation-Seeking Countries

272 Pages·2016·1.21 MB·English

by  Marina Dabic, Jadranka Svarc, Miguel González-Loureiro

PalgraveStudiesinDemocracy,Innovation,and
EntrepreneurshipforGrowth
SeriesEditor:EliasG.Carayannis
Thecentralthemeofthisseriesistoexplorewhysomeareasgrowandothers
stagnate, and to measure the effects and implications in a transdisciplinary
context that takes both historical evolution and geographical location into
account.Inotherwords,when,how,andwhydoesthenatureanddynamics
of a political regime inform and shape the drivers of growth and especially
innovation and entrepreneurship? In this socioeconomic and socio-technical
context,howcouldwebestachievegrowth,financiallyandenvironmentally?
Thisseriesaimstoaddresssuchissuesas:
● Howdoestechnologicaladvanceoccur,andwhatarethestrategicprocesses
andinstitutionsinvolved?
● How are new businesses created? To what extent is intellectual property
protected?
● Which cultural characteristics serve to promote or impede innovation?
Inwhatwaysiswealthdistributedorconcentrated?
These are among the key questions framing policy and strategic decision-
makingatfirm,industry,national,andregionallevels.
Aprimaryfeatureoftheseriesistoconsiderthedynamicsofinnovationand
entrepreneurship in the context of globalization, with particular respect to
emerging markets, such as China, India, Russia, and Latin America. (For
example,whataretheimplicationsofChina’srapidtransitionfromproviding
low-costmanufacturingandservicestobecominganinnovationpowerhouse?
Howdotheperspectivesofhistoryandgeographyexplainthisphenomenon?)
Contributions from researchers in a wide variety of fields will connect
and relate the relationships and interdependencies among (1) innovation,
(2) political regime, and (3) economic and social development. We will
consider whether innovation is demonstrated differently across sectors (e.g.,
health, education, and technology) and disciplines (e.g., social sciences and
physical sciences), with an emphasis on discovering emerging patterns, fac-
tors, triggers, catalysts, and accelerators to innovation, and their impact on
futureresearch,practice,andpolicy.
Thisserieswilldelveintowhatarethesustainableandsufficientgrowthmech-
anismsfortheforeseeablefuturefordeveloped,knowledge-basedeconomies
and societies (such as the EU and the United States) in the context of mul-
tiple,concurrent,andinterconnected“tipping-point”effectswithshort-term
(MENA)aswellaslong-term(ChinaandIndia)effectsfromageostrategic,
geoeconomic,geopolitical,andgeo-technologicalsetofperspectives.
Thisconceptualizationliesattheheartoftheseries,andofferstoexplorethe
correlationbetweendemocracy,innovation,andgrowth.
BooksAppearinginthisSeries:
UnpackingOpenInnovation:HighlightsfromaCo-EvolutionaryInquiry
ManlioDelGiudice,EliasG.Carayannis,andMariaRosariaDellaPeruta
TheEntrepreneurialRiseinSoutheastAsia:TheQuadrupleHelixInfluenceon
TechnologicalInnovation
StavrosSindakisandChristianWalter
UncertaintyinEntrepreneurialDecisionMaking:TheCompetitiveAdvantages
ofStrategicCreativity
PanagiotisE.PetrakisandDimitraP.Konstantakopoulou
EntrepreneurialUniversitiesinInnovation-SeekingCountries:Challengesand
Opportunities
MarinaDabic´,JadrankaŠvarc,andMiguelGonzález-Loureiro
Entrepreneurial Universities in
Innovation-Seeking Countries
Challenges and Opportunities
Marina Dabic´, Jadranka Švarc, and
Miguel González-Loureiro
ENTREPRENEURIALUNIVERSITIESININNOVATION-SEEKINGCOUNTRIES
Copyright©MarinaDabi´c,JadrankaŠvarc,andMiguelGonzález-Loureiro
2016
Allrightsreserved.Noreproduction,copyortransmissionofthis
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DOI:10.1057/9781137579829
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LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Names:Dabi´c,Marina,author. | Švarc,Jadranka,author. |
González-Loureiro,Miguel,1974–author.
Title:Entrepreneurialuniversitiesininnovation-seekingcountries:
challengesandopportunities/MarinaDabic,JadrankaSvarc,Miguel
González-Loureiro.
Description:NewYork,NewYork:PalgraveMacmillan,2016. | Series:
Palgravestudiesindemocracy,innovation,andentrepreneurshipfor
growth | Includesindex.
Identifiers:LCCN2015031092 | ISBN9781137579812(hardback)
Subjects:LCSH:Academic-industrialcollaboration—Croatia—Case
studies. | Academic-industrialcollaboration—Spain—Casestudies. |
Education,Higher—Aimsandobjectives—Croatia—Casestudies. |
Education,Higher—Aimsandobjectives—Spain—Casestudies. | BISAC:
BUSINESS&ECONOMICS/Entrepreneurship. | EDUCATION/Higher.
Classification:LCCLC1085.4.C76D332016 | DDC378.1/035—dc23LC
recordavailableathttp://lccn.loc.gov/2015031092
AcataloguerecordforthebookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary.
Contents
ListofTables,Figures,andCasestudies vii
Preface xi
Acknowledgments xiii
ExecutiveSummary xv
1 TowardaNewUniversityParadigm 1
2 AntecedentsofEntrepreneurialUniversities:Fromthe
FirstIndustrialRevolutiontoKnowledgeEconomy 47
3 CriticsofUniversity–IndustryInteractionand
CommercialApplicationofScience 65
4 TheoriesofTransitioninScientificSystems 71
5 ActivitiesofEntrepreneurialUniversities 91
6 AssessmentoftheEntrepreneurialUniversityConcept
amongCroatianandSpanishAcademics 129
7 EntrepreneurialUniversityinInnovation-Seeking
Countries:LessonsLearned 193
8 OutlooksandConclusionsonEntrepreneurial
UniversitiesinInnovation-SeekingCountries 201
Notes 219
References 223
AbouttheAuthors 243
Index 245
Tables, Figures, and
Case studies
Tables
1.1 Reviewofthetenmostcitedpaperswiththetitlesof
papersandthepublishingjournals 14
1.2 Themostrepresentedauthor’skeywords 15
1.3 Top-tensubjectareas 16
1.4 Newrulesofthegameforuniversitiesinrespectof
newknowledgeproduction 27
1.5 KIdynamicsbycountry(1995–2000–2009)in
descendingorderby%changeinKI(1995–2009) 38
1.6 KEIdynamicsbycountry(1995–2000–2009)in
descendingorderby%changeinKEI(1995–2009) 43
2.1 Theevolutionofsocietiesduringthethreeindustrial
revolutions 50
4.1 ThedifferencesbetweenMode1andMode2of
knowledgeproduction 73
4.2 Normsinmodelsof“scholar”and“qualified
scientistandengineer” 74
5.1 Someexamplesofthebusinessincubation
associations 111
6.1 Someselectedindicatorsofresearchandinnovation
systemforCroatiaandSpainincomparisontothe
EU(2013orclosest) 138
6.2 MainbarrierstoR&DinvestmentsinCroatiaand
Spain 140
6.3 Definitionsofentrepreneurialuniversityinthesurvey 150
6.4 Barriersandneedsofentrepreneurialuniversities 158
6.5 Openresponsesto:whicharethemost
entrepreneurialuniversities? 163
viii List of Tables, Figures, and Case studies
Figures
1.1 NumberofpapersperyearincludingA&EandU&E 9
1.2 Scientificcontributionsbyyearofpublication 10
1.3 Scientificcontributionsbytype 11
1.4 Leadingjournalspublishingmaterialson
entrepreneurialuniversities(includingalljournals
withtenormorearticles) 11
1.5 Totalcitationsforeachauthor(includingallhis/her
papers) 12
1.6 Spacesforreflection 33
1.7 KIindexesbycountry:1995vs.2009 35
1.8 KEIindexesbycountry:1995vs.2009 41
4.1 Typesofpartnerinstitutionswithwhichcooperation
wasratedbyenterprisesasthemostbeneficialfor
innovationactivitiesastheshareofenterprises,which
hadanycooperationininnovationactivity:Industrial
enterprisesinPoland,2006–2012(inpercentage) 88
4.2 Typesofpartnerinstitutionswithwhichcooperation
wasratedbyenterprisesasthemostbeneficialfor
innovationactivitiesastheshareofenterpriseswhich
hadanycooperationininnovationactivity:Service
sectorenterprisesinPoland,2006–2012
(inpercentage) 88
6.1 Innovationscoreboard:SPAINcomparedtoEU-28
score(EU-27=100) 135
6.2 Innovationscoreboard:CroatiacomparedtoEU-28
scoreEU-27=100) 136
6.3 Numberofresearchers(%)in2012 137
6.4 Definitionthatbestdescribesthepersonalviewof
whatanentrepreneurialuniversityis 151
6.5 Definitionthatbestdescribesthepersonalviewof
whatanentrepreneurialuniversityis(breakdownby
countryofpolledprofessors) 154
6.6 Doyoubelievethatsomefacultiesaremoresuitable
forgeneratingtheirownincome? 156
6.7 Relevanceofbarriershinderinguniversitiesbeing
moreentrepreneurial 159
6.8 Relevanceofneedstomakeuniversitiesmore
entrepreneurial 162
6.9 ChangesduetoBologna 165
6.10 Impactofbudgetcutsondepartmentactivities 166
List of Tables, Figures, and Case studies ix
6.11 Pedagogicalchangesresultingfromtheintroduction
oftheBolognaprograms 167
6.12 Assessmentofchangesduetotheintroductionofthe
Bolognaprograms 168
6.13 Priorityfornewfundinginteachingsupport 169
6.14 Priorityfornewfundinginresearchsupport 170
6.15 AttitudesinCroatianandSpanishuniversities
concerningentrepreneurialorientation(1of4) 173
6.16 AttitudesinCroatianandSpanishuniversities
concerningentrepreneurialorientation(2of4) 175
6.17 AttitudesinCroatianandSpanishuniversities
concerningentrepreneurialorientation(3of4) 175
6.18 AttitudesinCroatianandSpanishuniversities
concerningentrepreneurialorientation(4of4) 176
6.19 Positionoccupiedbytheprofessorspolled 178
6.20 Numberofyearsinthecurrentposition 178
6.21 Percentageofpotentialintrapreneurprofessorsinthe
sample 179
6.22 Awarenessofspin-offactivitiesamongprofessorsin
thesample 180
6.23 Percentageofprofessorswithinternationalscientific
experienceofprojectsandfundinginthelast
fiveyears 180
6.24 Percentageofnationalscientificprojectsandgrants
inthelastfiveyears 181
6.25 PercentageofgrantholdersandpartnersinEU
projectsamongthesample 181
6.26 Technologyprojectholders 182
6.27 Percentageofprofessorswhohaveprivatesector
experience 183
6.28 Agreementonintellectualproperty 183
6.29 Degreeofsupportfrominstitutions 184
6.30 Percentageofprofessorswhohavespentmorethan
sixmonthsabroadengagedinscientificwork 185
6.31 Percentageofprofessorswhowouldliketospend
timeworkingabroad 186
6.32 Genderandageofindividualsinthesample 187
8.1 Anapproachtoinputs,processes,andoutputsfor
universitymanagerstospeeduptheshifttowarda
moreentrepreneurialuniversity 213
x List of Tables, Figures, and Case studies
Casestudies
4.1 TheUniversityofVigo:Anexampleoftriple-helix
modelinpractice 83
4.2 AssessingtheEntrepreneurialOrientationof
UniversityDepartments:Acomparativestudy
betweenItalyandSpain 84
4.3 Howrelationsbetweenindustryandsciencehave
beenevolvinginPolandintheyears2006–2012 87
5.1 UniversityMiguelHernándezdeElche(Spain):The
caseofanentrepreneurialuniversity 92
5.2 Howtoencourageentrepreneurialuniversities:
AnexamplefromtheUnitedKingdom 93
5.3 UniversityofHertfordshire:Winner2010 95
5.4 Knowledgetransferthroughthecreationofspin-offs
attheUniversityofOviedo 104
5.5 Sophia-Antipolis,France 109
5.6 STEPRijeka,Croatia 111
5.7 Astrategyofresearch,development,andinnovation
attheUniversityofValladolid 113
5.8 TheInnovationInfrastructureDevelopment
ProgramattheNationalResearchUniversityHigher
SchoolofEconomics,Moscow,RussianFederation 115
5.9 TheHIVEStudentDevelopmentProgrammeat
NottinghamTrentUniversity,theUnitedKingdom 116
5.10 UniversitatRoviraIVirgili:Buildingaknowledge
regioninTarragona 125
5.11 Chalmersasanentrepreneurialuniversity 126