Entomology of Antarctica

390 Pages·1967·13.63 MB·English

ANTARCTIC
RESEARCH
SERIES
American GeophysicaUl nion
ANTARCTIC
RESEARCH
SERIES
AmericanG eophysicaUl nion
Volume 1
BIOLOGY OF THE ANTARCTIC SEAS
Milton a. Lee, Editor
Volume 2
ANTARCTIC SNOW AND ICE STUDIES
Malcom Melior, Editor
Volume 3
POLYCHAETA ERRANTIA OF ANTARCTICA
alga Hartman
Volume 4
GEOMAGNETISM AND AERONOMY
A. H. Waynick,E ditor
Volume 5
BIOLOGY OF THE ANTARCTIC SEAS II
GeorgeA . Llano, Editor
Volume 6
GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY OF THE ANTARCTIC
JarvisB . Hadley,E ditor
Volume 7
POLYCHAETA MYZOSTOMIDAE AND SEDENTARIA OF ANTARCTICA
alga Hartman
Volume 8
ANTARCTIC SOILS AND SOIL FORMING PROCESSES
J. C. F. Tedrow, Editor
Volume 9
STUDIES IN ANTARCTIC METEOROLOGY
Morton J. Rubin, Editor
Volume 10
ENTOMOLOGY OF ANTARCTICA
J. LinsleyG ressittE, ditor
Volume 11
BIOLOGY OF THE ANTARCTIC SEAS III
Waldo L. Schmitta nd GeorgeA . Llano, Editors
Volume 12
ANTARCTIC BIRD STUDIES
Oliver L. Austin, Jr., Editor
ANTARCTIC
Volume 10 RESEARCH
SERIES
Entomologyo f Antarctica
J. Linsley Gressitt,E ditor
Publishedw ith the aid o[ a grant[ rom theN ationalS cienceF oundation
PUBLISHER
AMERICAN GEOPHYSICAL UNION
OF THE
NationalA cademyo f Sciences--NationaRl esearchC ouncil
Publication No. 1574
1967
ANTARCTIC
Volume 10 RESEARCH
SERIES
ENTOMOLOGY OF ANTARCTICA
J. LINSLEY GRESSITTE, ditor
Copyright ¸ 1967 by the American GeophysicaUl nion
Suite 435, 2100 PennsylvaniaA venue, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20037
Library of CongressC atalogue Card No. 67-62159
List Price, $17.00
Printed t)y
The l!(cid:127)m(cid:127)-Sl(cid:127)afer (](cid:127),mpan¾
Baltimore, 51a ryland
THE ANTARCTIC RESEARCH SERIES
Duringth eI nternationGaelo physYiceaal rd iscussiwonesre h elda mongge ophysicists,
biologistasn, dg eologisatism eda t developina gm ediumfo r thep ublicatioonf the
papersr esultingfr om the intensivree searchw ork beingd onei n AntarcticaT. he
AntarctRice searcShe rieiss d esignetodp rovidteh ism ediump,r esentinaugt horitative
workw ithu niformlhyi ghs cientifaicn de ditoriasl tandardfrso ml eadings cientists
engagedi n antarcticr esearch.
In a sensteh es eriecso ntinueas tr aditiond atingfr omt hee arliesdta yso f geo-
graphiecx ploratioann ds cientifeicx peditions--ttrhaed itiono f the expeditionary
volumews hichs etf orth in rich detaile verythintgh at wass eena nd studied.B ut in
mucho f the presenat ntarctiwc orko nee xpeditiobnl endsin to the next,a nd it is
no longers cientificalmly eaningfutol separatteh em. Howevera, ntarcticre searchin
all disciplinheass a larged egreoef coherenacned d eservtehse m odercno unterpart
of the expeditionarvyo lumeos f pastd ecadeasn d centuries.
Paperasp pearining the serierse preseonrt iginacl ontributiotnoso l engthyo r
otherwisinea ppropriafoter publicatioinn thes tandarsdc ientifjioc urnalsT. hem ate-
rial publisheids directedn ot onlyt o scientistasc tivelye ngagedin the workb ut to
graduates tudentasn ds cientistins closelyre latedf ieldsa s well. The seriesw ill serve
as a sourceo f informatiobno thf or the specialisatn d for the laymanv ersedin the
biologicaaln dp hysicaslc iencesM. anyo f thee arlyv olumeasr ec ohesivceo llectionosf
researchp apersg roupeda rounda centralt heme. An editor for eachb ook is drawn
from the disciplineit representsa,s are the reviewerso n whome ache ditorr elies.
Early in 1963t he NationalS ciencFe oundatiomn adea grantt o the American
GeophysicaUl nion to initiate the series,a nd a Board of AssociateE ditors was
appointetdo implemenitt. To representht e broadn atureo f the seriest,h e members
of the Boardw erec hosefnr oma ll fieldso f antarcticre searchA. t the presentti me
theyi ncludeE ugenLe . Boudettere, presentingge ologayn ds olidE arthg eophysics;
MartinA . Pomerantza,e ronomayn d geomagnetisAm.; P. Crary,s eismologayn d
glaciologyG; eorgAe . Llano,b otanya ndz oologyW; aldoL . Schmittm, arineb iology
ando ceanographayn;d M ortonJ . Rubin,m eteorologyIn. 1967L aurencMe . Gould
was askedt o servea s HonoraryC hairman.E arlier memberso f the Board,s ince
resignedw,e reH arryW . Wellsa ndJ arvisB . Hadley.A GU staffm emberrse sponsible
for the seriesa re JudithS . McCombsm, anaginegd itor,a ndM arieL . Webners, tyle
editor.
The Boardw ishesto acknowledgthe e experta nd valuablea ssistancoef Fred S.
Alberts( of the AntarcticU nit, Officeo f GeographyD, epartmenot f the Interior) in
verifyingp lacen amesl,o cationsa,n dm aps.
MORTON J. RUBIN
Chairman,B oard o/(cid:127)4ssociateE ditors
(cid:127)4ntarctic Research Series
CONTENTS
The Antarctic Research Series ...................... Morton ]. Rubin v
Preface ................................. ]. Linsley Gressitt vii
Introduction ...................................... ]. Linsley Gressitt 1
History of EntomologicaEl xploration in Antarctica .............. 2
ZoogeographicaSl ummary.. ..................................... 17
The Fossil Record .............................................. 25
Dispersal .................................................... 25
Classification ................................................ 27
SYSTEMATICS
Acarina
Mesostigmataa nd Metastigmata
MesostigmataR: hodacaridaeL, aelapidae( MesostigmaticM ites) ......
............................................ Preston E. Hunter 35
MesostigmataR: hinonyssidaeH, alarachnidae( Nasal Mites); Metastig-
mata: Ixodidae (Ticks) ........................... Nixon Ivilson 41
Prostigmata( TrombidiformM ites)
TerrestrialP rostigmata( TrombidiformM ites) .... R. IV. Strandtmann 51
Prostigmata:H alacaridae (Marine Mites) .......... Irwin M. Newell 81
Astigmata
Astigmata( Sarcoptiformes)P: roctophyllodidaAe,v enzoariidae( Feather
Mites) .................... Ivarren T. Atyeo and Paul C. Peterson 97
Cryptostigmat(aO ribatid Mites) .................... John A. Ivallwork 105
Collelnbola (Springtails) ............................... K. A. ]. Ivise 123
Mallophaga (Biting Lice) and Anoplura (Sucking Lice)
Part I: Austrogoniodes(M allophaga) Parasitic on Penguins (Sphenisci-
formes) ............................................. TheresaC lay 149
Part II: Keys and LocalityL istso f Mallophagaa nd Anoplura.. ..........
............................... TheresaC lay and ChristopherM oreby 157
Diptera: Chironomidae (Midges) .... IV. IV. Ivirth and ]. LinsleyG ressitt 197
xi
ECOLOGY
Arthropod Ecologyo f South Victoria Land. ............. Heinz ]anetschek 205
Growtha nd Maturity of the Springtail,G omphiocephaluhso dgsonCi arpenter,
from South Victoria Land and Ross Island ............. Heinz ]anetschek 295
EcologicalN oteso n Free-LivingM ites in North Victoria Land. ...........
.................................... ]. Linsley Gressitta nd ]. Shoup 307
Noteso n the Biologyo f Coccorhagidiag ressittiW omersleya nd Strandtmann
................................................... Elmer E. Gless 321
Distributiono f Collembolaa t CapeH allett. ...... K. A. J. Wise and J. Shoup 325
ArthropodE cologyi n the Maritime Antarctic.. ............. P. J. Tilbrook 331
Ecology of Terrestrial Arthropodsa t Palmer Station, Antarctic Peninsula
..................................................... Jack Strong 357
Noteso n ArthropodP opulationsin the AntarcticP eninsula-SouthS hetland
Islands-SouthO rkney IslandsA rea ................. J. Linsley Gressitt 373
The Antarctic Flea Glaciopsyllusa ntarcticusS mit and Dunnett. ...........
..................... M.D. Murray, M. N. Orton, and A. S. Cameron 393
xii
Antarctic Research Series Entomology of Antarctica Vol. 10
INTRODUCTION
J. LII(cid:127)SLEY GRESSITT
BishopM useum,H onolulu,H awaii 96819
,lbstract. Results are presented of work, mainly by Bishop Museum, on the entomologicalf auna of
_Adntarctic(as outh of 60øS plus the South Sandwich Is. and Bouvet I.), carried out on the U.S.
Antarctic Research Program, combined with some results from the British Antarctic Survey and
the Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions. Almost the entire entomological fauna
is treated. About 145 of 158 recorded species are discussed; most of them are keyed.
The history of entomologicald iscoveriesi n Antarctica spans nearly seven decades. Most of the
free-living arthropodsw ere discoveredd nring the first and last decadeso f that period, but a number
of the parasitic ones were brought to light in the interval between.
The terrestrial arthropod fauna of Antarctica numbers about 130 species (in addition to which
there are at least 28 marine mites). About 54 of the terrestrial forms are parasitic. The groups
representedi n the land fauna are Acarina (67 species), Collembola (19), Mallophaga (37), Ano-
plura (4), Siphonaptera (1), and Diptera (2). There are some beetle records from the northern
fringe which need further verification. The free-living groups representeda re mostly primitive and
ancient ones. Some of the 76 free-living terrestrial species probably represent pre-glacial relicts.
The others might have come by dispersal in air currents, or on birds. The relative percentagesi n
these three categoriesw ill be difficult to determine. Definite evidence that air and bird dispersal
can take place has been assembled. The systematicso f the groups represented are in general
rather poorly known, particularly thoseo f the far southernf auna. For these groups,c omprehensive
studies coveringt he southern ends of the southern continents,a s well as antarctic-subantarctic
areas, are essentialt o the elucidation of the origin and relationshipso f ;he antarctic fauna. The
most evident relationshipsa re with southern South America, New Zealand, and the subantarctic
islands.
The scopeo f this review is Antarcticap roper, or the Wise2 and myselfh ave conductedfi eld work in Ant-
antarcticc ontinentto getherw ith adjacenti slandss outh arctica. All the authors of the ecologys ectionh ave
of 60 ø southl atitude (Fig. 1). To thesea re addedt he beenp ersonallyin volvedin entomologicawl ork in Ant-
South Sandwich Is. and Bouvet I., which have an ant- arctica, and all exceptP . J. Tilbrook, M.D. Murray,
arcticc limate( Holdgate,1 964). M. N. Orton, and A. S. Cameron worked in Antarctica
This volume representsp, rimarily, the results of undert he auspiceso f the U.S. AntarcticR esearchP ro-
field work and studieso rganizedb y Bishop Museum gram (BishopM useump rojects). Tilbrook went un-
under the auspiceso f the United StatesA ntarctic Re- der the British Antarctic Survey, and Murray, Orton,
searchP rogram,N ational ScienceF oundationx. Vari- and Cameron on the Australian National Antarctic
ous specialistisn terestedin groupso f arthropodsre p- ResearchE xpeditions.
resentedin Antarcticah ave kindly collaboratedin fur- In addition to the authors of this volume, material
nishingm any of the chaptersp resentedh ere (seet able or data helping to lay someg roundworkf or certain
of contents). We are also indebtedt o the British Ant- of these studiesw as provided by R. Buchanana, C.
arctic Survey and the Australian National Antarctic Fearon4, R. E. Leech5, T. S. Leech6, G. E. Lippert7,
ResearchE xpeditionsf or their cooperationin each J. C. L. Mather,s C. J. Mitchell,ø C. W. O'Brien,(cid:127)ø
supplyinga n article in the ecologicasl ection.
a Present address: Auckland Institute and Museum, Auck-
In the systematics ection,o f 12 authors,K . A. J.
land, New Zealand. (cid:127) Lincoln College, Christchurch, New Zea-
land. * C.S.I.R.O., Glebe, New South Wales, Australia. 5E nto-
(cid:127)The Bishop Museum acknowledgesa ssistancei n the form mology Dept., University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada. 666
of the following grants from the Office of Antarctic Programs, Sea Cliff Ave., San Francisco, California 94121. * Entomology
National Science Foundation: G-990.9 (1959-60); G-13637 Dept., Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y. s2 0 Repton St., Meri-
(1960-61); G-18800 (1961-62); G-23720 (1962-63); GA-58 vale, Christchurch,N ew Zealand. 9 Plainview EncephalitisL ab.,
(1963-64); GA-131 (1964-65); GA-208 (1965-66); GA-166 USPHS, P.O. Box 53, Plainview, Texas 79073. XøEntomology
(1964-67); GA-219 (1965-67). Dept., University of California, Berkeley.
Copyright American Geophysical Union
Antarctic Research Series Entomology of Antarctica Vol. 10
9(cid:127) J. LINSLEY GRESSITT
V. PeckhamT,M K . Rennell(cid:127)2, J. SedlacekT,M A . Spain(cid:127)4, speciest,w o new subspeciesa,n d two new genera. An-
and OwenW ilkes(cid:127) on BishopM useump rojects;H . L. other 10 new speciesa nd two new generah ave been
Holloway(cid:127)ø, D. D. Koob1, 7G eorgeM eyer(cid:127)s, and Madi- describedf rom Bishop Museumc ollectionsi,n addi-
son PryorT Mo n other USARP projects;J . B. Cragg2 ø tion to severalf rom other sourcesd, uring the past few
and Martin Holdgate(cid:127) under the British Antarctic years.
Survey( and its predecessotrh, e FalklandI slandsD e- The fauna of Antarcticah as not yet beenc ompletely
pendencieSsu rveys);J . Cranfield(cid:127) ,E . B. Fitzgeralda,s explored,a nd in future years additionst o the fauna
C. Bailey(cid:127) , B. Reid2, ' and H. C. Tyndale-Bisc2oøeo n are to be expected.W hile this volumew as being as-
New Zealandp rograms;a nd Mr. P. Lugg and others sembled,f urther extensivef ield work was undertaken
on the AustralianN ationalA ntarcticR esearchE xpedi- on both sides of the antarctic continent. A small
tions. The BishopM useumi s also heavilyi ndebted amount of information from the 1965-66 summer sea-
to the staffo f the Officeo f AntarcticP rograms( OAP), son has been introducedi nto this volume, including
National ScienceF oundation,a nd particularlyt o Dr. little or noneb y J. M. FitzsimonsU, . Kinet, and O. W.
T. O. Jones, Division Director, Environmental Sci- Wilkes, whoser eportsm ustb e publishedla ter. From
ences;D r. A. P. Crary, DeputyD ivisionD irector;D r. the geographics tandpointa, reaso f interestf or future
G. A. Llano, AssociateP rogram Director, Biological explorationin cludeE dwardV II PeninsulaM, arie Byrd
SciencesO, AP, for extensivea ssistancaen d guidance. Land, and many parts of the coasto f EastA ntarctica.
Logistics upporpt rovidedin the fieldb y theU .S. Navy, From the taxonomics tandpoint,f eather mites, nasal
U.S. CoastG uard, and U.S. Army was quite essential mites,c ertain other parasiticm ites, and marine mites
to the succesosf the work. We are alsog ratefult o the haven ot beena dequatelys ampled.C losec ollaboration
authorities of the Australian National Antarctic Re- with vertebratez oologistos r marineb iologistsis essen-
searchE xpeditionsth, e BritishA ntarcticS urvey,t he tial to the filling of theseg aps.
ChileanA ntarcticP rogram,a ndt he New ZealandA nt- BishopM useumh as already published1 4 articles
arcticR esearchP rogramf or extensivceo operatioann d relatingt o entomologyo f Antarcticap roper (more in
logistics upporitn the areaso f their authority. press), 74 to subantarctice ntomology( which is not
The taxonomicc overageo f this volumei ncludesa ll involvedi n this volumee xcepti n a minor way in the
the true land arthropodsp,l us inter-tidala nd marine summaryd iscussions)a, nd eight to studieso f natural
mites. In termso f the groupsr epresentedth, e cover- dispersailn theseg enerala reas. These articles ap-
age is Acarina i mitesa nd ticks), Collembola(s pring- pearedi n the journal PacificI nsectsi,n PacificI nsects
tails), Anopluraa nd Mallophaga(l ice), SiphonapteraM onographs2 and 7, and in Pacific Basin Biogeog-
i.f leas), and Diptera (flies,o f whicho nly midgesa re raphy,A Symposium( Gressitt,e d.) between1 960 and
known from Antarctica}. With the new speciesa nd 1966 as cited in the bibliographya t the end of this
records contained in this volume, the known fauna of chapter.
the area is increasedto about 158 species.O f these, I am very gratefult o manyp eoplew hoh ave assisted
about5 7 are parasitica nd the rest free-living;o f the directly with the preparationo f this volume,a mong
latter, 28 are marine and 73 are terrestrial. Two are them the collaboratorsD, r. GeorgeL lano, the editors
known from the inter-tidal zone, one of them more at the American GeophysicaUl nion, various members
terrestrial than the other. This volume treats 20 new of Bishop Museum staff, particularly Miss Setsuko
Nakata, Mrs. Carol Y. Higa, Mrs. Clara Uchida, Mrs.
'(cid:127)Present addres-: Bi,l(cid:127)p M(cid:127)e(cid:127)m, Honolulu, Hawaii.
Dorothy Hoxie, Miss Suzanne Keenan, Mr. Melvin
'(cid:127)MeteorologyS ervice,C ivil Aviati(cid:127)m Dept., Invercargill,
Farinas, Dr. Nixon Wilson, and Mr. W. J. Voss, and
Zealand. ]OBishopM (cid:127),sc(cid:127),m,! l(cid:127)m(cid:127)l(cid:127),l(cid:127),, Hawaii. (cid:127)Lincoln C(cid:127)I-
lcge, ChristchurchN, ew Zcalan{l. ':'Allandale,N o. 1 R.D., alsom y wife, Margaret K. Gressitt.
l(cid:127)yttehon,N ew Zealand. (cid:127)" R(cid:127)an(cid:127)kc College,S alem, Virginia.
'* Institute of Polar Studies, ()l(cid:127)i(cid:127) State University, Columbus. IllSTORY OF ENTOMOLOGICAL
(cid:127)'l)ept. of Microbiology[,(cid:127)n ivcrsily(cid:127)f Texas,A ustin. (cid:127) More- EXPLORATION IN ANTARCTICA
head State College, Morelscad,K cnt(cid:127),cky. a0U niversity of A1-
t(cid:127)crta, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. '-'tThe Nature Conservancy, Entomologicale xploration in Antarctica began with
Merlewood Research Station, Grange Over Sands, Lancashire, the great early scientifice xpeditionso f the end of the
England. -(cid:127)2MarineR esearchM, arine Dept., Wellington,N ew nineteenth and beginning of the twentieth century.
Zealand. '-S"(cid:127) urveyor,N ew Zealand. 24M edical doctor in Aus-
During that period of slightly over a decade,a lmost
tralia. "'*W ildlife Div., Dept. of Internal Affairs, Wellington,
one-third of the presentlyk nown speciesw ere dis-
New Zealand..2Z(cid:127) oologyD ept., Universityo f WesternA ustralia,
covered or first recorded from the continent. Then
Nedlands, W. Australia.
Copyright American Geophysical Union
Antarctic Research Series Entomology of Antarctica Vol. 10
INTRODUCTION 3
for more than four decades there were almost no dis- gurlti on Daption capense; and Docophoroides brevis on Di-
coveries,e xcept for those of a few parasitic species. omedea exulans--all reported by Thompson in 1938. Wingless
midge: **Belgica antarctica Jacobs, 1900.
The balance of nearly two-thirds of the currently
known speciesw ere brought to light during the past The seconde xpeditiont o report land arthropods
decade( see Fig. 2). Thus, of nearly 70 years of his- from Antarcticaw ast he "SouthernC ross"E xpedition
tory of entomologyo f Antarctica, almosta ll the activ- of 1898-1900, with C. E. Borchgrevinkin command.
ity has takenp laced uring the first and last decades. This wast he first expeditionto overwintero n the ant-
Most of the early discoveriesa nd many of the recent arctic continent (Cape Adare, Victoria Land, 1899).
onesw ere made on almosto pposites ideso f the conti- It was financedb y Sir GeorgeN ewnes,o f England.
nent-in the Antarctic Peninsulaa nd insular area op- Insectsw ere collectedb y Dr. Klovst&idt,h e surgeon.
posite southernS outh America on one hand and in The seniorz oologiswt as Nicolai Hanson,w ho died at
the Victoria Land area south of New Zealand on the the end of the winter, so that the collectionss uffered.
other. In recenty ears also a few discoveriesw, idely Speciesc ollecteda nd reported( Lankestere, d., 1902)
spacedg eographicallyh, ave been made around the were:
wide expanseo f the coastala reaso f East Antarctica, A prostigmatic mite: *Penthaleus belli Trouessart, 1902
where moste xpeditionsfa iled to find insectso r their (Stereotydeusf)r om CapeA dare. A springtail: *Isotomak lov.
relatives. stadi Carpenter,1 902, from Giekie Ridge. A suckingl ouse,
**Antarctophthiruso gmorhinEi nderlein,1 906,o n Ogmorhinus
The first expeditiont o bring back land arthropods
leptonyx( misidentifieads E chinophthiriusse tosuLsu cas1, 902).
which were reportedu pon was the "Belgica"E xpedi-
The third expeditionto bringb ackm itesa nd insects
tion of 1897-1899, under the commando f de Gerlache.
was very productive; it was the SwedishS outh Polar
This wast he first expeditiont o winter in the antarctic
Expedition1,9 01-1903l,e d by O. Nordenskji51Tdh. e
pack ice, whichi t did unintentionallyin the seas outh-
famousa ntarcticb otanistC, arl Scottsberwg,a sa mem-
west of the Antarctic Peninsula. This expeditionw as
ber of the expeditionT. he main areao f investigation
private, althoughh eavily subsidizedb y the Belgian
wasa roundS eymourIs land,R ossI sland,a nd SnowH ill
government.I t was poorly organized,w ith no clear
Island,n ear the top of the easts ide of the Antarctic
plan or staff assignmentsb,u t Racovitza,a membero f
Peninsula(L ouisP hilippeL and). A party left Snow
the staff, broughtb ack a surprisinglyg ood collection
Hill by shipi n February1, 902,a nd wass hipwrecked,
of three specieso f springtailst,h e winglessm idge,s ix
requiringt he spendingo f a secondw inter. The party
specieso f mites, a tick, and severalb iting (bird) lice
from the wreckeds hip overwinteredat PauletI sland.
(from Antarcticap roper or farther away at sea).
Latert he twop artiesm eta ndw erer escuedb y an Ar-
Theser epresenteadl l the major groupso f land arthro-
gentine ship. Many collectionsw ere lost with the
pods of Antarcticae xceptf or suckingl ice and fleas.
sinkingo f the ship. Neverthelesfso,u r news pecieosf
The reportso n the collectionws erep ublishedin a num-
mites( free-living)a nda news pringtaiwl ereb rought
ber of papersd atingf rom 1900 to 1946, but mostlyi n
back,b esidess omeo f the previouslyk nowns pecies.
differenti ssueso f the report of the expedition.T he
New speciesw ere'
speciesc ollectedin Antarctica( mostlyi n area of Ger-
lache Strait) are as follows: Mesostigmatimc ites' *Hydrogamasuasn tarcticusT r(cid:127)igSrdh,
1908; *Laelaps (Eulaelaps) grahamensiTsr (cid:127)ig&rdh,1 908; and
Mites: * Gamasusr acovitzaiT rouessart,1 903 (Cyrtolaelaps)s r;
*Zercon tuberculatusT r(cid:127)ig&rdh,1 908 (synonymizedin this
ßN oerneria gigas subsp.g erlachei Trouessart, 1903 (Rhagidia);
volume)--all from the Peninsula area. Oribatid mite: *Oriba-
ßP enthaleus viliosus Trouessart, 1902 (Stereotydeus); *No-
tula nordenskioelTdri (cid:127)ig&rdh1, 908 (Maculobates)A. spring-
taspis antarctica Michael, 1903 (Alaskozetes); *N. belgicae
tail: *Tullbergiam ixtaW ahlgren1, 906--thisa ndt he preceding
Michael, 1903 (Halozetes); and N. sp. A tick: Ixodes (Cera-
speciesf rom Nelson I., S. Shetlands.
tixodes) putus (Cambridge), Neumann, 1903. Springtails:
ßA chorutoides antarcticus Willem, 1901 (Friesea); *Crypto- Fourth may be mentionedS cott'sN ational Antarctic
pygusa ntarcticusW illem, 1901; *Isotoma octooculataW illem, Expeditiono f 1901-1904,t he "DiscoveryE xpedition,"
1901 (Parisotoma). Biting lice: Menopon sp. on Diomedea; which workeda roundM cMurdo Sound,o n RossI . and
Perineus obscurus (Paraclisis) on Macronectes; Pseudonirmus
in southV ictoriaL and. The biologiswt asT . V. Hodg-
son. Arthropodst aken were three marine mites and
27I n this and the following records in this historical account,
one springtail.
a single asterisk indicates taxon was describeda s new species;
double asterisk indicates new genus and new species. Names Marine prostigmaticm ites: *Leptospathis alberti antarctica
are as cited in original report; current generic name as used Trouessart, 1907a, Granite Harbor; *L. scriptor Trouessart,
in this volume is in parentheses. 1907b and *Agaue velesT rouessart,1 907b from Winter Quar-
Copyright American Geophysical Union