Entity-Oriented Search

358 Pages·2018·12.137 MB·English

by  Krisztian Balog

The Information Retrieval Series
Krisztian Balog
Entity-
Oriented
Search
The Information Retrieval Series Volume 39
SeriesEditors
ChengXiangZhai
MaartendeRijke
EditorialBoard
NicholasJ.Belkin
CharlesClarke
DianeKelly
FabrizioSebastiani
Moreinformationaboutthisseriesathttp://www.springer.com/series/6128
Krisztian Balog
Entity-Oriented Search
KrisztianBalog
UniversityofStavanger
Stavanger,Norway
ISSN1387-5264
TheInformationRetrievalSeries
ISBN978-3-319-93933-9 ISBN978-3-319-93935-3 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93935-3
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2018946540
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Szüleimnek
Preface
Ihavenotyetreachedmygoal...ButIforgetwhatisbehind,
andIstruggleforwhatisahead.Iruntowardthegoal,soIcan
wintheprizeofbeingcalledtoheaven.ThisistheprizeGod
offersbecauseofwhatChristJesushasdone.
(Philippians3:12–14,CEV)
The idea of writing this book stemmed from a series of tutorials that I gave with
colleagueson“entitylinkingandretrievalforsemanticsearch.”Therewasnosingle
text on this topic that would cover all the material that I wished to introduce to
someonewhoisnewtothisfield.Withthisbook,Isetouttofillthatgap.Ihopethat
bymakingthebookopenaccess,manywillbeabletouseitandbenefitfromit.
Forme,writingthisbook,inmanyways,waslikerunningamarathon.Noone
forced me to do it, yet I thought that—for some reason—it’d be a good idea to
challengemyselftodoit.Then,alongtheway,therecomesinevitablyapointwhere
oneasks:Whyam Idoingthisto myself?Butthen,inthe end,crossingthefinish
linecertainlyfeelslikeanaccomplishment.Intime,thisexperiencemightevenbe
rememberedasifitwasawalkinthepark.1Inanycase,itwasagoodrun.
I wish to express my gratitude to a number of people who played a role in
makingthisbookhappen.Firstofall,IwouldliketothankRalfGerstner,executive
editor for Computer Science at Springer, for seeing me through to the successful
completion of this book and for always being a gentleman when it came to my
deadline extension requests. I also want to thank the InformationRetrieval Series
editors Maarten de Rijke and ChengXiang Zhai for the comments on my book
proposal.
AveryspecialthankstoJamieCallanandtoanonymousReviewer#2forreview-
ingthebookandformakingnumerousvaluablesuggestionsforimprovements.
The following colleagues provided feedback on drafts of specific chapters at
various stages of completion, and I would like to thank them for their insightful
comments:MarekCiglan,ArjendeVries,KalervoJärvelin,MiguelMartinez,Edgar
1Notetoself:No,itwasn’t.
vii
viii Preface
Meij,KjetilNørvåg,DougOard,HeriRamampiaro,RalfSchenkel,AlbertoTonon,
andChenyanXiong.
I want to thank Edgar Meij and Daan Odijk for the collaborationon the entity
linking and retrieval tutorials, which planted the idea of this book. Working with
youwasalwayseasy,enjoyable,andfun.Mygratitudegoestoallmyco-authorsfor
thejointworkthatcontributedtothematerialthatispresentedinthisbook.
I am especially grateful to the Department of Electrical Engineering and
Computer Science at the University of Stavanger for providing a pleasant work
environment,whereIcoulddevoteasubstantialamountoftimetowritingthisbook.
I would like to thank my PhD students for giving me their honest opinion and
offeringconstructivecriticismondraftsofthebook.Theyare,ingender-first-then-
alphabetical order: Faegheh Hasibi, Jan Benetka, Heng Ding, Darío Garigliotti,
Trond Linjordet, and Shuo Zhang. Special thanks, in addition, to Faegheh for the
thorough checking of technical details and for suggestions on the organizationof
thematerial;toDaríofortidyingupmyreferences;toJanforprettifyingthefigures
and illustrations; to Trond for injecting entropy and for the careful proofreading
and numeroussuggestions for language improvements;to Shuo and Heng for the
orientalperspectiveandfortellingmethatIusetoomanywords.
Last but not least, I want to thank my friends and family for their outstanding
supportthroughouttheyears.Youknowwhoyouare.
Stavanger,Norway KrisztianBalog
April2018
Website
http://eos-book.org
Thisbookisaccompaniedbytheabovewebsite.Thewebsiteprovidesavarietyof
supplementarymaterial,correctionsofmistakes,andrelatedresources.
ix
Contents
1 Introduction................................................................. 1
1.1 WhatIsanEntity?.................................................... 2
1.1.1 NamedEntitiesvs.Concepts............................... 3
1.1.2 PropertiesofEntities ....................................... 4
1.1.3 RepresentingPropertiesofEntities........................ 5
1.2 ABriefHistoricalOutlook........................................... 6
1.2.1 InformationRetrieval....................................... 7
1.2.2 Databases ................................................... 8
1.2.3 NaturalLanguageProcessing.............................. 9
1.2.4 SemanticWeb............................................... 10
1.3 Entity-OrientedSearch............................................... 11
1.3.1 ABird’s-EyeView.......................................... 11
1.3.2 TasksandChallenges....................................... 14
1.3.3 Entity-Orientedvs.SemanticSearch ...................... 15
1.3.4 ApplicationAreas .......................................... 16
1.4 AbouttheBook....................................................... 17
1.4.1 Focus........................................................ 17
1.4.2 AudienceandPrerequisites ................................ 17
1.4.3 Organization................................................ 18
1.4.4 TerminologyandNotation ................................. 19
References.................................................................... 20
2 MeettheData............................................................... 25
2.1 TheWeb .............................................................. 26
2.1.1 DatasetsandResources..................................... 27
2.2 Wikipedia............................................................. 28
2.2.1 TheAnatomyofaWikipediaArticle...................... 29
2.2.2 Links ........................................................ 32
2.2.3 Special-PurposePages...................................... 33
2.2.4 Categories,Lists,andNavigationTemplates.............. 33
2.2.5 Resources ................................................... 35
xi