Enterprise Sustainability: Enhancing the Militarys Ability to Perform its Mission

418 Pages·2009·7.88 MB·English

by  Dennis F.X. Mathaisel

ENTERPRISE
SUSTAINABILITY
Enhancing the Military’s Ability to Perform its Mission

ENTERPRISE
SUSTAINABILITY
Enhancing the Military’s Ability to Perform its Mission
DENNIS F.X. MATHAISEL
JOEL M. MANARY
CLARE L. COMM
CRC Press
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Mathaisel, Dennis F. X.
Enterprise sustainability : enhancing the military’s ability to perform its mission / authors, Dennis F.X.
Mathaisel, Joel M. Manary, and Clare L. Comm.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-4200-7858-9
1. United States--Armed Forces--Operational readiness. 2. United States--Armed Forces--Weapons
systems. 3. United States--Armed Forces--Equipment. 4. United States. Dept. of Defense--Management. I.
Manary, Joel. II. Comm, Clare L. III. Title.
UA23.M3223 2010
355.6’21--dc22 2009011790
Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at
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Dedication
The authors dedicate this book to all the women and men who serve our country in the war on
terrorism.

Contents
Preface ................................................................................................................................xix
Acknowledgments ...........................................................................................................xxiii
About the Authors .............................................................................................................xxv
Chapter 1
Availability: The Current Military Supply Chain .................................................................1
Preface ...............................................................................................................................1
1.1 Availability of Materials and Parts to the Warfighter ...............................................1
1.2 The Military Supply Chain and Logistics System ....................................................3
1.2.1 The Defense Logistics Agency .....................................................................8
1.2.2 Differences between Military and Commercial Supply Chains ..................10
1.3 Managing the Inventory ........................................................................................12
1.3.1 Push vs. Pull Supply Chains.......................................................................14
1.3.2 The Bullwhip Effect ...................................................................................16
1.3.3 Push-Pull Supply Chains ...........................................................................17
1.3.4 Kanban as a Pull Trigger ............................................................................18
1.3.5 Risk Pooling...............................................................................................19
1.3.6 Echelon Networks ......................................................................................19
References .........................................................................................................................21
Chapter 2
Availability: Enhancing the Military Supply Chain ...........................................................23
2.1 Three Principles for an Effective Military Supply Chain ........................................23
2.1.1 Integration ................................................................................................23
2.1.2 Collaboration ............................................................................................24
2.1.3 Trust ..........................................................................................................25
2.2 Six Steps for Enhancing the Military Supply Chain ..............................................27
2.2.1 Step 1: Establish an IPT ............................................................................27
2.2.2 Step 2: Develop an Implementation Plan ..................................................28
2.2.3 Step 3: Measure Performance ....................................................................29
2.2.4 Step 4: Design Your Supply Chain ............................................................29
2.2.5 Step 5: Select and Apply Best Practice Technologies .................................30
vii
viii ◾ Contents
2.2.6 Step 6: Manage the Supply Chain Implementation ...................................30
2.3 Redesigning the Military Logistics Network ..........................................................31
2.4 Information Technology Enhancements .................................................................35
2.4.1 The Goal ....................................................................................................35
2.4.2 The Infrastructure .....................................................................................36
2.4.2.1 Interface Devices ......................................................................36
2.4.2.2 Communications ......................................................................36
2.4.2.3 Databases .................................................................................36
2.4.2.4 Systems Architecture ................................................................37
2.4.3 Standardization .........................................................................................38
2.5 Software Enhancements ........................................................................................39
2.5.1 Comprehensive Software Packages ............................................................39
2.5.2 Strategic Planning Software ......................................................................39
2.5.3 Collaboration Software Standards and Packages .......................................39
2.5.3.1 Order Management Systems (OMS) .........................................39
2.5.3.2 Customer Relationship Management (CRM) ...........................39
2.5.3.3 Manufacturing Execution Systems (MES) ................................40
2.5.3.4 Warehouse Management Systems (WMS) ................................40
2.5.3.5 Transportation Management Systems (TMS) ...........................40
2.6 Case Study: The SCOR Model ..............................................................................40
2.7 Case Study: The PRISM Model ..............................................................................45
2.7.1 Current Requirements Forecasting in the Military:
The U.S. Air Force Process ........................................................................46
2.7.2 The Disadvantage of Current Military RDF Methods ...............................47
2.7.3 Commercial Reliability-Based Requirements Forecasting .........................48
2.7.4 PRISM ......................................................................................................49
2.8 Conclusion: Successful vs. Unsuccessful Supply Chain Initiatives ..........................51
References .........................................................................................................................53
Chapter 3
Operational Availability ......................................................................................................55
Preface ..............................................................................................................................55
3.1 Introduction to Operational Availability ...............................................................56
3.1.1 Definition of Ao ........................................................................................58
3.1.2 Historical Perspective ................................................................................58
3.1.3 Why Is Ao Important? ...............................................................................59
3.2 The Mathematics of Ao .........................................................................................60
3.2.1 Uptime/Downtime Equations ...................................................................60
3.2.2 Mean Time between Failures Equations ...................................................62
3.2.3 Specific Systems Equations........................................................................64
3.2.3.1 Continuous-Use Systems ...........................................................65
3.2.3.2 Intermittent-Use Systems ...........................................................65
3.2.3.3 Impulse Systems ........................................................................65
3.3 Models for Ao ........................................................................................................66
3.3.1 Level of Repair Analysis (LORA) Model ..................................................66
Contents ◾ ix
3.3.2 Sparing to Availability (STA) Model ..........................................................67
3.4 Mission Profile .......................................................................................................68
3.4.1 Operational Profile ....................................................................................70
3.4.2 Logistic Mission Profile .............................................................................71
3.4.3 Environmental Profile ...............................................................................72
3.5 A Guide to Ao Analysis .........................................................................................72
3.5.1 Preproject Research and Development Phase ............................................73
3.5.1.1 Objectives ..................................................................................85
3.5.1.2 Data and Models .......................................................................85
3.5.1.3 Ao Analysis ...............................................................................86
3.5.1.4 Documentation .........................................................................91
3.5.2 Concept and Technology Development Phase ...........................................91
3.5.2.1 Objectives .................................................................................92
3.5.2.2 Data and Models ......................................................................92
3.5.2.3 Ao Analysis ...............................................................................94
3.5.2.4 Documentation ........................................................................97
3.5.3 System Development and Demonstration Phase .......................................99
3.5.3.1 Objectives ...............................................................................100
3.5.3.2 Data and Models ....................................................................100
3.5.3.3 Ao Analysis ..............................................................................101
3.5.3.4 Documentation .......................................................................106
3.5.4 Production and Deployment Phase ..........................................................108
3.5.4.1 Objectives ................................................................................108
3.5.4.2 Data and Models .....................................................................109
3.5.4.3 Ao Analysis ..............................................................................110
3.5.4.4 Documentation .......................................................................118
3.5.5 Sustainment Phase ...................................................................................118
3.5.5.1 Objectives ................................................................................119
3.5.5.2 Data and Models .....................................................................119
3.5.5.3 Ao Analysis ..............................................................................119
3.5.5.4 Documentation ......................................................................123
3.6 Conclusion ..........................................................................................................124
Suggested Reading ..........................................................................................................125
Chapter 4
Reliability ..........................................................................................................................127
Preface ...........................................................................................................................127
4.1 Introduction to Reliability ...................................................................................128
4.1.1 The Mathematics of Reliability ...............................................................128
4.1.2 Reliability Modeling ...............................................................................130
4.1.3 Application of the Reliability Model ........................................................131
4.2 Reliability by Design ............................................................................................131
4.2.1 Reliability Allocation ...............................................................................133
4.2.1.1 Objective of the Allocation ......................................................133