Enterographa Praepallens (Lichenes, Opegraphaceae), an Overlooked Species of Maritime Lichen in Japan

5 Pages·1995·0.45 MB·English

by  Hiroshi Harada

植物研究雑誌
J. Jpn. Bot.
70: 52-56 (1995)
Enterogrlαphaprlαepαllens (Lichenes，Op egraphaceae)，
an Overlooked Species of Maritime Lichen in Japan
Hiroshi HARADA
Na tural History Museum and Institute，Ch iba
955-2 Aoba-cho，Ch uo-ku，Ch iba，26 0 JAPAN
(Received on May 14，1 994)
The crustose lichen，En terographa praepallens (Nyl.) Redinger in the family Opegraphaceae is reported
for the second time in Jap an on the basis of specimens collected on maritime rocks in Chiba Pref. and Shizuoka
Pref.，c entral Honshu. The type specimen of this species (H-Nyl 4592) contains two obviously different
elements，of which the saxicolous one can be considered as the holotype from Moji，K yushu. The other is a
corticolous specimen from Sri Lanka cited by Nylander (1900).
On ac ollecting trip to Izu Peninsula in March the dissecting stereoscope. Lactophenol cotton-blue
1993，1f ound as axicolous species oflichen growing (abbrevia臼das LPCB) preparations were used for
on seaside rocks. The same lichen species was also anatomical drawings and describing anatomy except
collected at Choshi，c entral Japan in August 1993. for descriptions of color which were taken from GAW
The lichen is identified as Enterographa praepallens (glycerol:ethanol:water = 1: 1: 1) preparations.
(Nyl.) Redinger，w hich is little known by Japanese
lichenologists，th ough it was described by Nylander Enterographa praepallens (Nyl.) Redinger，Fe ddes
(1890) as Stigmatidium praepallens on the basis of a Repert. 43: 66 (1938). =S tigmatidium praepallens
specimen from Kyushu，s outhwestem Japan. A de- Ny ，.lLich. Jap.: 84 (1890). =C hiodectonpraepallens
scription of the species with taxonomic remarks and (Nyl.) Vainio，Bo t. Tidsskr. 29: 370 (1909). Holotype:
figures is provided in the present paper. Japan，Ky ushu“，Mozi，sa xicola" (H-NYL4592 p.p.).
Extemal Morphology: Thallus epilithic，ri mulose，
Materials and Methods well cracked especially in the center，s mooth，pa le
Specimens preserved in the following herbaria brownish gray with pinkish，y ellowish or greenish
were used for the present study: Natural History tint，du ll，la cking prominent hypothallus. Ascomata
Museum and Institute，C hiba (CBM) and University lirelliform，a lmost simple to repeatedly branched，
of Helsinki (H). immersed in the thallus，l acking prominent exciple;
Air-dried materials were examined with the naked disc slightly concave to almost plane，f requently
eyes or under ad issecting stereoscope for describing convex when post-mature，p ale yellowish brown，
extemal mo叩hology.For anatomical observation， sometimes pink-tinted，se mipellucid，ep ruinose，us u-
sections were made with the aid of ar azor blade under ally 0.5-1 mml ong and 0.05-0.1 mm( sometimes
一一52一一
February 1995 Journal of Japanese Botany Vo .l70 No. 1 53
0.25 mm) wide. morphology of this lichen agrees well with the
Anatomy: Thallus hyaline，ra thervariable in thick- protologue of Stigmatidium praepallens，e xcepting
ness，la cking prominent cortex，co ntaining numerous the spore septation as discussed below in detail. The
hyaline crystals (scattered or in cluster，u p to 30μm corticolous specimen is glued on ap aper，on which the
in diameter)，c omposed of linear hyphae; the hyphae following handwriting with black ink can be read:
branched and anastomosing，va riously orientated，ca . “CaCl+，St igmatidium propallens Ny ，.lCeylon，Po int
2μm thick，w ith lumina 1μm wide; phycobiont de Galle，E. Almquist 1979!xii." It is apparently the
belonging to Trentepohlia，m ore or less uniformly specimen on which Ny la nder' sre port of S. praepallens
scattered. Prominent exciple lacking. Subhymenium from Sri Lanka (Ny la nder 1900) is based. Ont he other
hyaline，c ontaining no crystals，5 0-55μm thick. hand，on ly as pecimen collected in Japan was cited in
Hypothecium sometimes distinct (up to 90μm)， the original description of S. praepallens. Thus，on ly
hyaline，co ntaining no crystals，m ore or less stained the saxicolous specimen contained in H-NYL 4592
blue with LPCB. Epihymenium hyaline，wi th or with- can be considered to be the holotype.
out granules. Hymenium hyaline，8 5-100μm thick; When Nylander (1890) described Stigmatidium
paraphyses branched and anastomosing，al most even praepallens，he reported 5-septate spores for it. How-
in thickness，ca . 2μmt hick. Asci clavate，ca . 50xlO ever，6 ・・septatespores (Figs. 2D-E) as well as 5-
μm，n on-amyloid. Spores 8i n each ascus，h yaline， septate (Figs. 2F-G) and less septate spores were
narrow-ellipsoidal or acerose，a cute to rounded at found in the holotype. In the specimen from Choshi，
both ends，( 3-)5-7-septate，2 1-31x2.5-4μm，w ith ag reat number of asci with spores were found，an d the
cylindricallumina. spores were not only 5-to 6-septate but also 7-s eptate.
Habitat: Onm aritime rocks. Obviously above the They are narrow-ellipsoidal to acerose and acute or
Verrucaria belt. Abundant on rather shaded vertical rounded at both ends. As far as examined，sp ores with
face of boulder at Choshi. rounded ends訂e5t o 7s eptate and have more or less
Distribution: Known only from Japan. Sri Lanka thickened walls. In contrast，th ose with acute ends訂e
(Nylander 1900) is excluded from the range as noted 5-to 7-s eptate or less septate and do not seem to be
below. thickwalled.
閏
Specimens examined: Japan. Honshu. Chiba-ken， Although spores are usually straight in the present
Choshi-shi，K urobae，o n vertical face of rocks at species (Figs. 2La nd P)，th ey are often slightly curved
partly shaded sites in splash zone，H. Harada (13614) or sigmoid in LPCB preparations (Figs. 2D-I，M and
and 1. Kamefelt (CBM); Shizuoka-ken (Izu Penin- Q). They might be easily bent or curved under the
sula)，S himoda-shi，Ts umeki-zaki Point，5 m alt.，o n pressure of the surrounding asci or hymenium.
seasiderock，29March 1993，H.Harada 13395 (CBM). The disc width is very variable in this species. In
Remarks: Although H-NYL 4592 is indicated as theholotype (Figs.1A-B)，it is usually aboutO.05 mm
“CaCl+，Stigmatidiumpropallens Ny ，.l0，020-23 and wide in dry condition，bu t is very rarely about 0.25
0，003 (with drawing of two spores)，Ja ponia，M itso， mmw ide (only one disc found). The specimen from
Mozi，Si licicola，E. Almquist，20 1X 1879" with black Izu (Figs. 1C -D) is very similar to the holotype in this
ink on the packet，it contains obviously two different respect. In the specimen from Choshi (Figs. 1E -H)，
elements，n amely，sa xicolous and corticolous speci- there are many discs about 0.25 mmw ide which are
mens. The saxicolous specimen consists oftwo pieces mostly found in thicker parts of the thallus. These
of rock covered with the thallus of Enterographa. The wider discs are usually flat to convex，f requently
54 植物研究雑誌第70巻第1号 平成7年2月
elevated (Fig. 1G ) together with the underlying thallus asci and spores are found there.
which more or less folds up (Fig. lH). At least some Enterographαpraepαllens was recorded from Sri
of the wider discs seem to be postmature，since few Lanka by Nylander (1900，a s Stigmatidium
同
Fig. 1. Habit of Enterographa praepallens (A-B，ho lotype; C-D，Ha rada 13395; E-H，Ha rada 13614. A-H，
air-dried materials).
February 1995 Joumal of Japanese Botany Vol. 70 No. 1 55
Fig.2. Anatomy of Enterographa praepallens. A-C，c ross sections of ascomata. D-R，s pores (D-F，in
sections of the same ascoma as Fig. 2A; similarly H-J same as 2B，an d K-N same as 2C; O-R，in section).
S，a scus with immature spores. T，p araphyses. A-R，L PCB preparations; S-T，s quashed preparation in
LPCB. A，D -G，S -T，ho lotype; B-C，H -R，Ha rada 13614.
56 植物研究雑誌第70巻第1号 平成7年2月
praepallens)，a pparently based on the corticolous being known only from Kyushu and Honshu.
specimen contained in the packet ofH-NYL 4592 as
noted above. In this specimen，t wo species of lichens 1e xpress mys incere thanks to Dr. S. Kurokawa，
with lirelliform apothecia can be recognized. The one Toyama，Ja pan for critically reading the manuscript.
has blackish disc and obviously belongs to Arthonia Deep thanks are extended to Prof. T. L. Esslinger of
dispersula which was reported as am ixture with S. North DakotaState University，U. S. A. forcorrecting
praepallens by Nylander (1900). The other is too the English text. 1a m indebted to the curator of the
fragmentary to observe the detailed mo中hology， herbarium of University of Helsinki (H).
though it can be considered to belong to Entero grapha.
Judging from the reddish brown disc，it might belong Literature cited
Nylander W. 1890. Lichenes Japoniae. 122pp. Paul Schmidt，
to the E. anguinella group rather than E. praepαllens.
Parisiis.
Therefore，E. praepallens should be excluded from 一一一一一 1900.Lichenes Ceylonenses et additamentum ad
Lichenes Japoniae. Opus posthumum. Acta Soc. Sc .iFenn.
the lichen flora of Sri Lanka. At present，t hus，E .
26(10): 1-33.
praepallens can be considered to be endemic to Jap an，
原田 浩:海岸に生育する地衣類 Enterographa
praepallensの再発見
1879年に九州の門司で採集された標本を基に記 上生のものと樹皮着生のものが含まれている.岩
載されて (Nylander1890)以来， 日本からは全 上生のものは門司産のタイプである.樹皮着生の
く報告のなかった地衣類Enteroga中hapraepallens ものはスリランカ産であり， E. Almquist採集に
(Nyl.) Redingerを再発見した.採集地は伊豆半 よる標本をもとにスリランカの地衣類フロラを
島南部と千葉県銚子市で，いずれも海岸の岩上に Nylander (1900)がまとめた時にタイプ標本と一
生育していた.垂直分布から言うと，潮間帯から 緒にされてしまったと考えられる.従って， H-
飛沫帯下部に位置するアナイボゴケ帯より上部に NYL4592のうち門司産の岩上生の地衣を
あたる. holotypeとみなすのが妥当と思われる.
タイプとされる標本 (H-NYL4592) には，岩