Enhancing the contribution of small-scale aquaculture to food

274 Pages·2014·3.45 MB·English

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FAO FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE PROCEEDINGS
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contribution to these three pillars. v
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relationship to the larger-scale aquaculture, aquaculture-based ic
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fisheries and agriculture. The role that the SSA sector plays in e
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frameworks that put people at the center should also be e
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explored particularly giving more attention to SSA producers t
and how to improve their resilience to threats, risks, and shocks
affecting the aquaculture sector.
ISBN 978-92-5-107407-7 ISSN 2070-6103
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Cover illustration: Emanuela D’Antoni
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FISHERIES ANd
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PROcEEdINGS

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Enhancing the contribution
of small-scale aquaculture
to food security,
poverty alleviation and
socio-economic development
21–24 April 2010
Hanoi, Viet Nam
Melba G. Bondad–Reantaso
Aquaculture Officer
Aquaculture Branch
FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department
Rome, Italy
and
Rohana P. Subasinghe
Senior Aquaculture Officer
Aquaculture Branch
FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department
Rome, Italy
FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS
Rome, 2013
The designations employed and the presentation of material in this
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The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and
do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of FAO.
ISBN 978-92-5-107407-7 (print)
E-ISBN 978-92-5-107961-1 (PDF)
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© FAO 2013 [English edition]
© FAO 2011 [Spanish edition]
iii
Preparation of this document
The project “Enhancing the contribution of the small-scale aquaculture sector to
food security, poverty alleviation and socio-economic development” was undertaken
through a series of desk studies and an expert workshop. The project culminated in the
publication of this document, which is presented in two parts.
Part 1 contains the proceedings of the expert workshop, FAO Expert Workshop on
Enhancing the Contribution of the Small-Scale Aquaculture Sector to Food Security,
Poverty Alleviation and Socio-economic Development, held in Hanoi, Viet Nam from
21 to 24 April 2010. The workshop was informed by a number of thematic papers to
assist in understanding the various issues concerning small-scale aquaculture. Part 2
contains 18 technical papers contributed by 27 specialists and presented during this
workshop.
The commissioned review papers and expert workshop were technically supervised
by Dr Melba B. Reantaso, Aquaculture Officer, Aquaculture Branch (FIRA), FAO
Fisheries and Aquaculture Department. The papers contained in this work have been
reproduced as submitted.
The study, workshop and publication were made possible with financial assistance
through FIRA’s Regular Programme of Work and Budget.
iv
Abstract
About 70–80 percent of all those actors involved in fish farming worldwide are
considered small-scale. The small-scale aquaculture (SSA) sector, is recognized as
making an important contribution to food security, poverty alleviation and socio-
economic development. However, assessing its contribution in a systematic way has
been an uphill task.
An expert workshop on “Enhancing the contribution of small-scale aquaculture to
food security, poverty alleviation and socio-economic development” was convened to:
(i) understand SSA and its contribution/potential contribution and challenges/issues
facing the sector and the SSA producers; (ii) identify and elaborate on entry points for
enhancing its contribution to food security, poverty alleviation and socio-economic
development; (iii) identify concrete action plans to strengthen the capacity of SSA
producers and households to deal with threats, risks, shocks, crises and emergencies; and
(iv) identify elements of a planned Technical Guidelines for Enhancing the Contribution
of Small-Scale Aquaculture to Food Security, Poverty Alleviation and Socio-Economic
Development within FAO’s Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries technical
guidelines series. Some 38 experts from governmental, inter-governmental, regional and
international organizations, and universities participated in this expert workshop.
The report and proceedings of this expert workshop are presented in this publication.
Part 1 contains the outcomes of the deliberations of the experts participating in the
workshop; Part 2 consists of 18 technical papers presented during the workshop.

Bondad-Reantaso, M.G. and Subasinghe, R.P., eds. 2013.
Enhancing the contribution of small-scale aquaculture to food security, poverty
alleviation and socio-economic development.
FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Proceedings No. 31. Rome. FAO. 255 pp.
v
contents
Preparation of this document iii
Abstract iv
Acknowledgements vii
Contributors viii
Acronyms and abbreviations x
PARt 1 – PROcEEdINGS OF tHE FAO EXPERt WORKSHOP ON ENHANcING
tHE cONtRIButION OF SMAll-ScAlE AquAcultuRE tO FOOd SEcuRItY,
POVERtY AllEVIAtION ANd SOcIO-EcONOMIc dEVElOPMENt
FAO expert workshop on enhancing the contribution of small-scale
aquaculture to food security, poverty alleviation and socio-economic
development 1
Purpose 1
Participation 1
Process 1
Workshop highlights 2
Working group findings 12
APPENdIXES
1. List of participants 21
2. Expert workshop programme 26
3. Opening remarks: Mr Vu Van Tam 30
4. Welcome remarks: Mr Jiansan Jia 32
5. Expert workshop group photo 33
PARt 2 – cONtRIButEd PAPERS ON ENHANcING tHE cONtRIButION OF
SMAll-ScAlE AquAcultuRE tO FOOd SEcuRItY, POVERtY AllEVIAtION
ANd SOcIO-EcONOMIc dEVElOPMENt
Review of small-scale aquaculture: definitions, characterization, numbers 37
Peter Edwards
Small-scale aquaculture and its contextual relationships with the concepts
of poverty, food security, rural livelihoods and development 63
Philip G. Townsley
contribution of small-scale aquaculture to sustainable rural development:
a synthesis of case studies in china, Philippines, thailand and Viet Nam 81
Tipparat Pongthanapanich
Small-scale aquaculture, development and poverty: a reassessment 93
Ben Belton
vi
Global fishery trade and its benefit to small-scale aquaculture producers 109
Shirlene Maria Anthonysamy
Small-scale aquaculture in thailand: farmer groups and aquaculture
certification 113
Koji Yamamoto
lessons learned from the Sustainable Poverty Alleviation (SAPA) strategy
in Viet Nam 125
Le Thanh Luu
Small-scale aquaculture in Papua New Guinea: examination of entry points
for international aid donors 131
Paul T. Smith
challenges and issues facing small-scale aquaculture producers:
perspectives from Eastern Africa 143
Wilson W. Mwanja and Beatrice Nyandat
Governance institutions and adaptive capacity of small-scale aquaculture
to climate change in the Philippines 153
Pepito R. Fernandez
Social issues in small-scale aquaculture (SSA): the social impacts and
responsibilities of SSA 165
Pedro B. Bueno
Resiliency of small-holder fishfarmers to climate change and market prices
in selected communities in the Philippines 171
Renato F. Agbayani, Didi B. Baticados, Emilia T. Quinitio and
Dianne H. Tormon-West
Poverty alleviation and women’s empowerment through aquaculture:
an experience from Nepal 181
Jharendu Pant, Madhav K. Shrestha and Michael J. Phillips
Good governance, policies, and other frameworks that work in favour of
small-scale aquaculture producers 189
Dilip Kumar, Pachampalayam Ananthan, Appidi Krishna Reddy and Arpita Sharma
Improving access to financial services by small-scale aquaculture producers:
challenges and opportunities 197
Imtiaz U. Ahmad
Mainstreaming aquaculture into country poverty reduction strategies and
plans: an overview 207
Imtiaz U. Ahmad
challenges for small-scale aquaculture: sustainable use and management
of aquatic resources for small-scale aquaculture producers 213
Philip G. Townsley
Successful small-scale aquaculture (SSA) and their contribution to
economic growth at the national level, and poverty alleviation and rural
development at the local level 223
Peter Edwards
vii
Acknowledgements
This publication is the end product of the work of many individuals and experts who
participated in this project, starting from the commissioned desk studies through to the
successful convening of an expert workshop. They are all gratefully acknowledged.
Thanks are also accorded to the officials and staff of the Research Institute for
Aquaculture No. 1 through the leadership of Dr Le Thanh Luu for administrative
and logistical arrangements. Special thanks are due to the representatives and experts
from governments (China, Ghana, Kenya, Uganda and Viet Nam) and various
regional intergovernmental organizations (e.g. NACA1, SEAFDEC2), regional and
international organizations (e.g. WorldFish Center, INFOFISH3, CIRAD4, DANIDA5),
and universities (from Australia, India, the Philippines, Thailand, Viet Nam and the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland) for their active participation
during the workshop. The authors of contributed papers are sincerely acknowledged
for their time, expertise and involvement in ensuring the publication of this document.
The editors would also like to thank Ms Marika Panzironi, Ms Danielle Rizcallah,
Ms Nathalie Perisse, Ms Marianne Guyonnet and Ms Tina Farmer of the FAO Fisheries
and Aquaculture Department, Ms Maria Lorica Jarmin and Ms Kathleen Dela Merced
(FAO consultants) and Mr José Luis Castilla Civit (layout designer) for various types
of assistance during the final production of this document. Mr Jiansan Jia, Branch
Coordinator, is gratefully acknowledged for his support, guidance and encouragement.
1 Network of Aquaculture Centres in Asia–Pacific.
2 Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center.
3 Intergovernmental Organization for Marketing Information and Technical Advisory Services for Fishery
Products in the Asian and Pacific Region.
4 Agricultural Research for Development (France).
5 Danish International Development Agency.
viii
contributors
Renato F. AGBAYANI Pepito R. FERNANDEZ
Integrated Services for the Development of Division of Social Sciences
Aquaculture and Fisheries (ISDA) College of Arts and Sciences
Namocon, Tigbauan 5021 University of the Philippines Visayas
Iloilo, Philippines Miagao, Iloilo 5023-A
E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected]
Imtiaz U. AHMAD Dilip KUMAR
Sustainable Development Consultant Central Institute of Fisheries Education
20 Stockton Dr, Voorhees, New Jersey 08043 Mumbai, India
United States of America E-mail: [email protected]
E-mail: [email protected]
Le Thanh LUU
Pachampalayan ANANTHAN Ding Bang, Tu Son, Bac Ninh
Central Institute of Fisheries Education Viet Nam
Mumbai, India E-mail: [email protected]
Shirlene Maria ANTHONYSAMY Wilson W. MWANJA
INFOFISH Fisheries Division
1st Floor, Wisma LKIM Ministry of Agriculture Animal Industry
Jalan Desaria, Pulau Meranti and Fisheries, Entebbe, Uganda
47120 Puchong, Selangor, Malaysia E-mail: [email protected]
E-mail: [email protected]
Beatrice NYANDAT
Didi B. BATICADOS Aquaculture Directorate
Aquaculture Department, Southeast Asian Ministry of Fisheries Development
Fisheries Development Center Nairobi, Kenya
Tigbauan 5021 E-mail: [email protected]
Iloilo, Philippines
E-mail: [email protected] Jharendu PANT
WorldFish Center
Ben BELTON Jalan Batu Maung 11960 Bayan Lepas
WorldFish, Bangladesh Office Penang, Malaysia
House 22B, Road 7, Block-F E-mail: [email protected]
Banani, Dhaka 1213
Bangladesh Michael J. PHILLIPS
E-mail: [email protected] WorldFish Center
Jalan Batu Maung 11960 Bayan Lepas
Pedro BUENO Penang, Malaysia
Bangkok, Thailand 10900 E-mail: [email protected]
E-mail: [email protected]
Tipparat PONGTHANAPANICH
Peter EDWARDS Department of Agricultural and Resource
593 Lat Prao Soi 64 Economics
Bangkok 10310, Thailand Faculty of Economics
E-mail: [email protected] Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900
E-mail: [email protected]