English-speaking countries: A cultural reader

207 Pages·13.989 MB·English-Russian

by  Полупан А.П., Полупан В.Л., Махова В.В.

V.L.Polupan, A.P.Polupan, V.V.Makhova
A cultural reader
E N G L I S H -S P E A K I N G
C O U N T R I E S
I. GREAT BRITAIN
II. THE USA
III. CANADA
IV. AUSTRALIA
V. NEW ZEALAND
VI. ZIMBABWE
УДК 373.167.1:802.0+802.0(075)
ББК 81.2 АНГЛя721
П-53
Рецензенты
Joan Heaton (Canada), Angela Morris (USA), Doreen H. Attwood (Great Britain),
Jenny Shaw (Great Britain)
Никакая часть данного пособия не может быть скопирована без согласия владельца авторских
прав
Полупан А. П., Полупан В. Л., Махова В.В.
English-speaking countries: A cultural reader. — X.: Издательская группа «Академия», 2000. — 208с.: ил.
Книга для чтения на английском языке по страноведению. Включены материалы по истории,
географии, культуре Великобритании, США, Канады, Австралии, Новой Зеландии, Зимбабве. Тексты
составлены на основе оригинальных первоисточников, а также материалов, разработанных с помощью
методистов из Великобритании и США.
Пособие может быть использовано учащимися общеобразовательных школ средних и старших
классов, а также школ с углубленным изучением английского языка, студентами, слушателями курсов,
лицами, изучающими язык самостоятельно.
Задания к текстам и дополнительный материал включены в отдельное издание English-speaking
countries. Workbook.
Учебное издание
Полупан Александра Павловна
Полупан Владимир Леонидович
Махова Виктория Владимировна
Англоязычные страны
Книга для чтения на английском языке
Редактор Цыпина В С.
Технический редактор Аскерова И.В.
Подписано в печать 23.08.2000. Формат 60x84/8.
Бумага газ. Печать офсет.
Издательская группа «Академия», Харьков, ул. Ак. Павлова, 120/407,
т. 26-97-85, 26-30-45.
ISBN 966-7684-23-7 © Полупан А.П., 2000.
© Полупан В.Л., 2000.
© Махова В.В., 2000.
© Издательская группа «Академия», 2000
CONTENTS
GREAT BRITAIN
Unit 1 UK BASIC FACTS...........................................................................9
Unit 2 ENGLISH PANORAMA..............................................................10
Unit 3 GEOGRAPHICAL FEATURES..................................................11
Unit 4 CLIMATE AND WEATHER.......................................................12
Unit 5 ECOLOGY.....................................................................................13
Unit 6 POPULATION..............................................................................14
Unit 7 CONSTITUTION AND GOVERNMENT..................................16
Unit 8 FREEDOM AND HUMAN RIGHTS.........................................17
Unit 9 ENGLAND....................................................................................18
Unit 10 SCOTLAND.................................................................................22
Unit 11 WALES..........................................................................................24
Unit 12 NORTHERN IRELAND..............................................................25
Unit 13 BRITISH ROYALTY...................................................................26
Unit 14 ELIZABETH II.............................................................................27
Unit 15 PRINCES AND PRINCESSES...................................................29
Unit 16 PRINCE WILLIAM......................................................................30
Unit 17 TITLES AND ORDERS...............................................................31
Unit 18 LADIES AND GENTLEMEN....................................................33
Unit 19 A.S. PUSHKIN MUSEUM IN LUTON HOO...........................34
Unit 20 THE PEOPLING OF GREAT BRITAIN...................................35
Unit 21 THE ANGLO-SAXONS...............................................................37
Unit 22 THE DANES.................................................................................37
Unit 23 THE NORMAN CONQUEST.....................................................38
Unit 24 MAGNA CARTA.........................................................................40
Unit 25 KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN.............................................41
Unit 26 FROM EMPIRE TO COMMONWEALTH...............................42
Unit 27 THE COMMONWEALTH..........................................................43
Unit 28 TRADE UNIONS.........................................................................45
Unit 29 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS..............................................46
Unit 30 GREATER LONDON..................................................................48
Unit 31 HISTORY OF LONDON.............................................................49
Unit 32 LONDONERS...............................................................................51
Unit 33 WESTMINSTER ABBEY............................................................52
Unit 34 THE HOUSES OF PARLIAMENT.............................................53
Unit 35 ST. PAUL’S CATHEDRAL.........................................................55
Unit 36 THE TOWER OF LONDON........................................................56
Unit 37 CEREMONIES IN LONDON......................................................57
Unit 38 ART GALLERIES AND MUSEUMS........................................59
Unit 39 MADAM TUSSAUD’S................................................................61
Unit 40 PALACES AND CASTLES.........................................................62
Unit 41 LONDON PARKS........................................................................63
Unit 42 SQUARES OF LONDON............................................................64
Unit 43 THE RIVER THAMES................................................................65
Unit 44 THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE.....................................................66
Unit 45 ENGLISH LITERATURE............................................................67
Unit 46 THEATRE AND BALLET..........................................................69
Unit 47 WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE........................................................71
Unit 48 MUSIC...........................................................................................72
Unit 49 FESTIVALS AND FAIRS...........................................................74
Unit 50 PAINTING.....................................................................................75
Unit 51 SCIENCE.......................................................................................77
Unit 52 “YOUR NAME AND COLLEGE, SIR?” ...................................81
Unit 53 EDUCATION................................................................................82
Unit 54 YOUTH ORGANIZATIONS.......................................................83
Unit 55 SPORTS.........................................................................................85
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Unit 56 LIFESTYLES................................................................................86
Unit 57 HOLIDAYS AND CELEBRATIONS.........................................88
Unit 58 CLUBS AND PUBS.....................................................................91
Unit 59 WEDDING....................................................................................92
Unit 60 SHOPPING...................................................................................94
Unit 61 FOOD AND DRINK....................................................................95
T H E U S A ...........................................................................................................................97
Unit 62 NATIONAL EMBLEMS.............................................................97
Unit 63 “FROM CALIFORNIA TO THE NEW YORK ISLAND” ......99
Unit 64 NATIVE AMERICANS.............................................................100
Unit 65 THE PEOPLING OF THE USA................................................103
Unit 66 BECOMING A NATION /1784-1815/................................... 105
Unit 67 CIVIL WAR AND RECONSTRUCTION...............................106
Unit 68 AFRICAN AMERICANS...........................................................108
Unit 69 “THIS LAND IS YOUR LAND” ..............................................110
Unit 70 A DECLARATION....................................................................119
Unit 71 THE CONSTITUTION OF THE USA.....................................120
Unit 72 GEORGE WASHINGTON.......................................................122
Unit 73 ABRAHAM LINCOLN..............................................................124
Unit 74 WASHINGTON, D.C.................................................................125
Unit 75 GOVERNMENT.........................................................................126
Unit 76 THE CAPITOL.........................................................................127
Unit 77 U.S. - UKRAINE: A NEW STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIP 128
Unit 78 ECONOMY................................................................................130
Unit 79 THE WHITE HOUSE.................................................................131
Unit 80 NEW YORK CITY.....................................................................133
Unit 81 CITIES.........................................................................................134
Unit 82 AMERICAN ORIGINALS.........................................................136
Unit 83 AMERICANS ON THE MOON................................................138
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Unit 84 LIVING IN THE U.S.A......................................................... 139
Unit 85 U.S. DOLLAR.............................................................................141
Unit 86 FOOD...........................................................................................142
Unit 87 SHOPPING..................................................................................143
Unit 88 COMMUNICATION..................................................................144
Unit 89 U.S. ARMED FORCES..............................................................146
Unit 90 AMERICAN HOLIDAY..........................................................147
Unit 91 CULTURAL LIFE IN THE U.S.................................................149
Unit 92 “WE THE PEOPLE...” ..............................................................150
Unit 93 AMERICAN LITERATURE......................................................151
Unit 94 NATIVE AMERICAN CULTURES..........................................152
Unit 95 EDUCATION..............................................................................153
Unit 96 AMERICAN YOUTH................................................................154
Unit 97 SPORTS AND RECREATION..................................................155
Unit 98 HOLLYWOOD...........................................................................156
Unit 99 DISNEYLAND............................................................................158
Unit 100 NATIONAL PARKS..............................................................160
C A N A D A ........................................................................................................................162
Unit 101 CANADIAN SYMBOLS.........................................................162
Unit 102 LAND OF DIVERSITY...........................................................164
Unit 103 HISTORY..................................................................................165
Unit 104 ECONOMIC LANDSCAPES..................................................166
Unit 105 FRENCH CANADA.................................................................167
Unit 106 WILDLIFE.................................................................................168
Unit 107 LOON MAGIC..........................................................................169
Unit 108 ECOLOGY.............................................................................170
Unit 109 PROVINCES AND TERRITORIES........................................171
Unit 110 OTTAWA..................................................................................174
Unit 111 CITIES.......................................................................................176
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Unit 112 MUSEUMS AND ART GALLERIES....................................177
Unit 113 CANADIAN WAYS..................................................................178
Unit 114 EDUCATION............................................................................180
Unit 115 SPORT........................................................................................181
Unit 116 CANADIAN CULTURE...........................................................182
Unit 117 A LAND OF IMMIGRANTS...................................................183
Unit 118 UKRAINIANS IN CANADA..................................................184
Unit 119 UKRAINIAN WRITING IN CANADA.................................185
AUSTRALIA................................................................
187
Unit 120 THE NATIONAL EMBLEMS.................................................187
Unit 121 LAND AND CLIMATE............................................................188
Unit 122 ANIMAL LIFE..........................................................................189
Unit 123 ECONOMY...............................................................................190
Unit 124 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND..............................................191
Unit 125 STATES AND TERRITORIES................................................192
Unit 126 CITIES........................................................................................195
Unit 127 PEOPLE AND CULTURE.......................................................198
Unit 128 ABORIGINES...........................................................................199
Unit 129 AUSTRALIAN WAYS............................................................200
NEW ZEALAND
...................................................................................................202
Unit 130 ECONOMIC LANDSCAPE.....................................................202
Unit 131 HISTORY AND PEOPLE........................................................203
Unit 132 CUSTOMS AND TRADITIONS.............................................204
ZIMBABWE.................................................................
206
Unit 133 A GLIMPSE OF THE COUNTRY..........................................206
Unit 134 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND..............................................207
Unit 135 VICTORIA FALLS..................................................................208
Ш Я Ю Ю )
ENGLISH-SPEAKING COUNTRIES is an uppv^inBiftaribrinM BB х~Езфш.шж.ъваяж1 Language. A
host of facts presented in the units will not only provide students wib шЛяятwm jfanc but will also
stimulate cross-cultural exchange.
The vocabulary and structures used in the text have been controlled at an imenncc&e fc^LvAfeao^dSort has been
made to keep the language natural.
Each unit of the Reader contains:
Ф Prereading questions and a text
Each unit of the Workbook contains:
* Topic-related vocabulary work
Ф Comprehension of main ideas
Ф Comprehension of details
* Grammar
* Discussion questions
* Writing
* Research
* Activity
* Project
The prereading questions focus the students on the topic of the unit by introducing names, encouraging speculation
about content, involving the students’ own experience when possible.
The reading of each passage should, ideally, first be done individually by skimming for a general feel for content. The
teacher may wish to deal with some of the vocabulary at this point. A second, more detailed individual reading could be done
while working through the vocabulary exercise. Further reading(s) could be done aloud by the teacher or with the class.
The VOCABULARY exercise is designed to help students become more self-reliant by encouraging them to work out
meaning from context This section can be done during the reading face or afterwards or both.
The COMPREHENSION exercise is to help students develop their reading skills, and not as a test of a memory. It ex­
pands he students’ exploration of the text, concentrating on the skimming and scanning skills necessary to derive maximum value
from reading.
GRAMMAR focuses on aspects of the language suggested by the reading passage itself. The emphasis is on practice
and reinforcement rather than teaching.
DISCUSSION gives the students the opportunity to bring their own knowledge and imagination to the topics and related
areas. They may wish to discuss all of the questions in their small groups or to select one on which to report back to the class.
WRITING consists of a composition assignment, usually done by a student at home.
RESEARCH continues and expands the theme by giving students an opportunity to do their own research. Students can
work individually, in pairs or groups.
ACTIVITY personalizes a theme related to the reading, encouraging students to share their own ideas or knowledge
with their classmates.
PROJECT work is an opportunity for the pupils to express their own ideas done individually or in groups on
separate sheets of paper or in a special notebook.
8
GREAT BRITAIN
Unit 1
UK BASIC FACTS
What is Union Jack?
What was the battle call of Richard I?
What is the national anthem of Great Britain?
O fficial name: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
Abbreviation: UK
Capital: London
Head of state: Queen Elizabeth II /from 1952/
Head of Government: Prime Minister.
Nature of Government: Constitutional monarchy.
NATIONAL EMBLEMS.
National Flag: Union Jack, a combination of the banners of England /St. George’s flag, a red
cross with extended horizontals on a white field/, Scotland /St. Andrew’s flag, a white saltire cross on a
blue field/ and Ireland /St. Patrick’s flag, a red saltire cross on a white field/.
The Royal Standard: The personal flag of the Sovereign bears the arms of England quartered
with those of Scotland and Ireland.
Ensign: The British ensigns have a white, blue or red field with a Union Jack in the upper comer.
The white ensign is worn by the Royal Navy and Royal Yacht Squadron.
The Royal Coat of Arms. The four quarters of the shield contain two repetitions of the arms of
England, three golden lions on red and the pacing red lion of Scotland on a gold background. They are sur­
rounded by a twin-bordered frame inset with fleurs-de-lis- and other decorations /known as a double “tres-
sure”/ and a silver-stringed gold harp on a bright blue field to represent Ireland. Wales is not represented
on the shield.
The shield is circled with the blue ribbon of the Order of the Garter, carrying in gold the motto
Honi Soit Qui Mai Y Pense /Shame on Him Who Thinks Evil of it/ — the words of Edward III /1312-77/
said in 1348 at the ball.
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