English Sentence Analysis : an Introductory Course

246 Pages·2000·1.57 MB·English

EnglishSentenceAnalysis

English
Sentence
Analysis
An Introductory Course
Marjolijn Verspoor and Kim Sauter
UniversityofGroningen
JohnBenjaminsPublishingCompany
Amsterdam/Philadelphia
TM ThepaperusedinthispublicationmeetstheminimumrequirementsofAmericanNational
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ansiz39.48-1984.
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LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Verspoor,Marjolijn.
Englishsentenceanalysis:anintroductorycourse/MarjolijnVerspoorandKimSauter.
p.cm.
1.Englishlanguage--Sentences. 2.Englishlanguage-Syntax. I.Sauter,Kim. II.Title.
pe1441.v47 2000
428.2--dc21 00-034227
isbn9789027225665(Eur.)/978155196614(us)(alk.paper)
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Installing the Practice Program
ThePracticeProgramCD-RomrunsonWindows95/98/2000/NT/XP/Vista(andWindows3.1,seeCD-Romfor
instructions).
TostartusingthePracticeProgram,youmustinstallitonyourharddiskasfollows:
1 ClickSETUP.EXEfromtheCDRom-drive(usuallyDriveD).
2 ClickonNextonthepagewiththeEnglishSentenceAnalysislogo.
3 ClickonNextontheWelcomescreen.
4 Readthelicenceagreementcarefully;selectIaccceptthetermsinthelicenseagreementandclickonNext.
5 ClickonNextontheSupportscreen.
6 Onthenextscreen,acceptthefolderinwhichtheprogramisinstalled.(ThePracticeProgramis
installedbydefaultinthefolderC:\HOLOGRAM.)
warning
Ifyoumustchangethedefaultdirectoryavoidalong¼lename,suchasC:\PROGRAMFILES\HOLOGRAM.
Itwon’twork.
7 TheprogramisnowinstalledandhasautomaticallyaddedtwoiconstotheWindowsStartmenu.
8 startingup
ClickStartontheWindowsStartmenuontheleft-handbottomofyourscreen.ThenpointtoPrograms
ºHologramºEnglishSentenceAnalysis.
5 InstallingthePracticeProgram
9 EnteryournametoidentifyyourselftothePracticeProgram.Yournamecanbenolongerthan20
characters.(Ifyourteacherwantsyoutoreportresults,besuretouseanameyourinstructor
recognizes.)
10 ClickYesonthequestionAreyouanewuser?Keepusingthesamenameeverytimeyouenterthe
programastheprogramsavesyourresultsunderthatname.(Ifyouwant,though,youcanenteranew
nameandstartdoingtheexercisesallover.Youcanenteruptothreedi¬erentnames.)
hardwarespecifications
ProcessorIntel80486/66MHzorbetter(Pentium100MHzorbetterrecommended).8Mbinternalmemory
(16Mbormorerecommended).20Mbfreediskspace.Graphiccardwith16colorsormore.Screenresolution
of800 600pixelsormore.
restrictionsonuse
Youaregrantedalimited,non-exclusiveandnon-transferablelicencetousethisCD-Romonasingle
workstation.Youmayprintoutselecteddataorcopyittoacomputerdiskexclusivelyforyourownpersonal
use.Youmayonlycopythesoftwareinaccordancewiththeinstallationproceduressupplied(above),andyou
maynotalterthesoftwareinanyway.ByusingthisCD-Romyouacceptthetermsandconditionsofthe
LicenceAgreement.
noliabilityforconsequentialdamages
InnoeventshalltheCopyrightowneroritssuppliersbeliableforanydamagewhatsoeverarisingoutofthe
useoforinabilitytousethisproduct.Inanycase,theCopyrightowner’sentireliabilityunderanyprovisionof
thisagreementshallbelimitedtotheamountactuallypaidbyyouforthesoftware.
support
Forcommentsandqueries,[email protected]
MakesureyouputESAinthesubjectline.
Website:http://www.benjamins.com/jbp/esa
6 InstallingthePracticeProgram
Table of contents
Listoftables 12
Acknowledgements 13
Introduction 14
Chapter1
Sentences:Communicativefunctionsandtypicalpatterns
1.1 Introduction 16
1.2 Declarative,interrogative,imperativeandexclamatorysentencepatterns 16
1.3 Participants,process,attributes,andsetting 18
1.4 Subject,predicator,object,attribute,andadverbial 21
1.5 Typicalsentencepatterns 23
1 Therunningpattern(intransitiveverbs) 24
2 Thebeingpattern(copulaverbs) 25
3 Thedoing/seeingpattern(monotransitiveverbs) 26
4 Thegiving/buyingpattern(ditransitiveverbs) 26
5 Themaking/consideringpattern(complex-transitiveverbs) 27
1.6 Sameverb,di¬erentpatterns 28
1.7 Englishwordorder 30
1.8 Summary 31
7 Tableofcontents
Chapter2
Sentences:Simple,compoundandcomplex
2.1 Introduction 33
2.2 Sentencesversusclauses 34
2.3 Sentencetypes 35
1 Simplesentences 35
2 Compoundsentences 36
3 Complexsentences 37
4 Compound-complexsentences 42
2.4 Phrases 44
2.5 Summary 45
Chapter3
Verbs(cid:2)I
3.1 Introduction 46
3.2 Simpleversuscomplexverbphrases 47
3.3 Lexicalversusauxiliaryverbs 48
3.4 Finiteversusnon-¼niteverbforms 48
1 Finiteverbforms 49
2 Non-¼niteverbforms 50
3.5 Auxiliaryverbs 53
1 Progressivebe+presentparticiple 54
2 Perfecthave+pastparticiple 54
3 Modals+(to)in¼nitives 55
4 Passivebe+pastparticiple 57
5 Doforquestions,negationandemphasis 57
6 Orderingofauxiliaryverbs 58
3.6 Oneform,severalsenses:be,haveanddo 60
3.7 Summary 61
8 Tableofcontents
Chapter4
Verbs(cid:2)II
4.1 Introduction 64
4.2 Sub-typesoflexicalverbs 64
1 Intransitiveverbs 65
2 Copulaverbs 65
3 Transitiveverbs 65
4.3 Sub-typesoftransitiveverbs 67
1 Monotransitiveverbs 67
2 Ditransitiveverbs 67
3 Complex-transitiveverbs 67
4.4 Directobjectforms 69
4.5 Passiveconstructions 72
1 Ditransitiveverbsandpassiveconstructions 73
2 Complex-transitiveverbsandpassiveconstructions 73
3 Non-¼niteclausesandpassiveconstructions 74
4 Pastparticiplesasadjectives 77
4.6 Identifyingtypeoflexicalverbsincomplexsentences 78
4.7 Multi-wordverbs 80
4.8 Summary 83
Chapter5
Wordclasses
5.1 Introduction 86
5.2 Nouns 88
5.3 Verbs 91
5.4 Adjectives 92
5.5 Adverbs 92
5.6 Pronouns 95
1 Personalpronouns 96
2 Possessivepronouns 96
9 Tableofcontents