English Phonetic Transcription

106 Pages·1985·28.59 MB·English

by  Charles-James N Bailey

ENGLISH PHONETIC TRANSCRIPTION
SUMMER INSTITUTE OF LINGUISTICS
PUBLICATIONS IN LINGUISTICS
Publication Number 74
EDITORS
Desmond C. Derbyshire Virgil L. Poulter
Summer lnstitute of University of Texas
Linguistics-Dallas at Arlington
ASSISTANT EDITORS
Wares
Alan C. lris M. Wares
CONSULTING EDITORS
Doris A. Bartholomew Robert E. Longacre
Pamela M. Bendor-Samuel Eugene E. Loos
Robert Dooley William R. Merrifield
Austin Hale Kenneth L. Pike
Phyllis Healey Viola G. Waterhouse
Jerold A. Edmondson
ENGLISH
PHONETIG
TRANSCRIPTION
N.
Gharles-James Bailey
A Publication of
The Summer lnstitute of Linguisfics
and
The University of lexas at Arlington
985
1
O 1985 by the Summer Institute of Linguistics, Inc.
uibrary of Congress Catalog Card No. 8il50101
rsBN H8312-000-3
Chinese calligraphy on cover by Yao Hsieh-chen.
Copies of this and other publications of the
Summer Institute of Linguistics may be
obtained from
Bookstore
Summer lnstitute of Linguistics
7500 W. Camp Widsom Road
TX
Dallas. 75236
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Preface....ix
Acknowledgements . . xvii
Abbreviations . . xix
Prelimi-naries
s1
s2 Boundaries . . 5
s3 Some suprasegmental phenomena 11
s4 Phrasing and intonation
ss Production and classification of speech sounds . .
s6 Consonant orders, phonation, length, and
glottalization
. 66
s/ Special phenomena relating to consonants--chiefly
apical stops . 89
s8 Sonorants and sibilants 102
se Syneresis, spirantization, and sonorant-degemination 121
s10 Assimilation and eDenthesis 125
s11 Vowels and diphthongs 139
s12 Gemination and attendant nuclear changes . . 162
s13 Further details on compound nuclei and related matters 174
s14 Nuclear reduction, syllabic nasals, and
detriphthongi zation 18s
{j15 Spelting pronunciations and other curiosi-ties 201
Appendix A The underlying vowels of most English lects . 205
B Long I ana i 207
C Standards . 212
Content s
FIGURES
Page
1 Phrasing tree .
. 21
2 Accent patterns . zt
.
3 The speech tract
54
4 Different stages of the vocal cords
. 6B
5 Oxytonic nuclei .
. 76
6 Liquid deflected tongue articulations
. 104
7 Palatograms of some English grooved and
pseudogrooved articulations . . 106
8 English sibilants with different blade shapes 111
9 The schematized acousti-c vowel trianqle . . 141
1O Schematized articulatory vowel triangle . . 143
1 1 Gravity in vowels and consonants | 4f
'12 Tongue position for [i] and [u] 147
1 3a-h. Spectrograms 229
a. The vowels 229
b. Cue, due/dew, pA, chew' 9ut9, mute . 234
pllf€, dearth, dove, curve . . 235
Purr, sure, pu1I 236
e. Stool in SS,/SB, in NS, in IrE, and in SE 237
F Silly, merry, Mary 238
9. pf], snarl, dulIer . . 239
L Situation and Samuel 24O
i. Allegro SS billion, eagle (with lenition) 241
Illg!, Hu(gh)ey, discs, sticky (with lenition),
and mocker (with lenition) 242
vii
Contents
Page
Appendix D Phonetology and morphology 217
E //#ez/1 and //#ed.//, eLc. 220
F Symbol names . . 223
7 Twelve no-no's of phonetic descrj-ption . . 225
H Sound spectrography 227
References cited . . 245
Bibliographies . 246
Subject index 249
Index of key examples 259
TABLES
Symbol values xii
1
Accents 24
Attitudinal force
4 Consonants . .
Sibilants with various blade shapes AA
Idealized nuclear lengths
6
a Low-vowe1 neutralizations dl
Implicational patterning of interconsonantal
8
t,/d-deletion
. 91
9 The vowels . . 140
'lo -tion and -ture I ttj