English for Law Students: Criminal Law: Учебно-методическое пособие

194 Pages·2022·9.35 MB·Russian

by  Лезёва Т. И., Арсентьева Е. Н., Мишина Н. Г.

МИНИСТЕРСТВО НАУКИ И ВЫСШЕГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ
РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ
ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОЕ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ БЮДЖЕТНОЕ
ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЕ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ
ВЫСШЕГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ
«МИРЭА ‐ Российский технологический университет»
(РТУ МИРЭА)
Лезёва Т.И., Арсентьева Е.Н., Мишина Н.Г.
English for Law Students: Criminal Law
Учебно-методическое пособие
Москва 2022
УДК: 811.111
ББК 81.43.21я73
E56

Лезёва Т.И. English for Law Students: Criminal Law [Электронный ресурс]: Учебно-
методическое пособие / Лезѐва Т.И., Арсентьева Е.Н., Мишина Н.Г. – М.: МИРЭА –
Российский технологический университет, 2022. – 1 электрон. опт. диск (CD-ROM)
Учебно-методическое пособие по английскому языку разработано для организации
практических занятий и самостоятельной работы студентов 2 курса, обучающихся по
направлению подготовки 40.03.01 «Юриспруденция». Пособие содержит адаптированный
аутентичный языковой материал профессиональной направленности и способствует
приобретению навыков употребления специальной лексики и чтения профессионально-
ориентированных текстов в области уголовного права, а именно рассматриваются основные
категории и виды преступлений, основные направления деятельности правоохранительных
органов Великобритании, Америки и России, виды и способы обнаружения вещественных
доказательств на месте преступления, криминалистика, судебная медицина и экспертиза,
основные области применения криминологии, основные этапы уголовного судебного
процесса, цели и виды наказаний за преступления в уголовном праве.
Комплекс лексических упражнений и заданий к текстам направлен на закрепление
терминологической базы языка специальности и развитие иноязычных профессиональных
коммуникативных компетенций.
Рекомендовано к изданию на заседании кафедры иностранных языков.
Авторский коллектив: Лезѐва Т.И., Арсентьева Е.Н., Мишина Н.Г.
Рецензенты:
Бабушкина Лариса Евгеньевна, кандидат педагогических наук, доцент кафедры иностранных
и русского языков ФГБОУ ВО «Российский государственный аграрный университет –
МСХА имени К. А. Тимирязева».
Васильев Андрей Георгиевич, доктор физико-математических наук, директор Института
радиоэлектроники и информатики, Российский Технологический Университет –
МИРЭА.
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© Лезѐва Т.И., Арсентьева Е.Н.,
Мишина Н.Г., 2022
© МИРЭА - Российский технологический
университет, 2022
CONTENTS

FOREWORD ........................................................................................................... 5
LESSON 1 Crime in Criminal Law .......................................................................... 8
Criminal Law and Crime .........................................................................................10
Categories and Types of Crimes .............................................................................17
Deviance and Crime ................................................................................................25
LESSON 2 Crimes against People ..........................................................................28
Crimes against the Person .......................................................................................31
Crimes against Society ............................................................................................40
Types of Public Safety Crimes ................................................................................46
LESSON 3 Criminal Justice Workers ....................................................................56
Who Works in Criminal Justice?.............................................................................57
Police Force in the USA ..........................................................................................59
British Police ...........................................................................................................64
Police of the Russian Federation .............................................................................73
LESSON 4 Evidence in Criminal Law ...................................................................79
Evidence ..................................................................................................................78
Types of Evidence ...................................................................................................88
Identifying and Collecting Physical Evidence ........................................................93
LESSON 5 Forensic Science ..................................................................................101
Forensic Investigation ...........................................................................................103
Forensic Fields .......................................................................................................116
3
Inside the Crime Lab: DNA ..................................................................................125
LESSON 6 Criminology .........................................................................................129
Criminal Psychology .............................................................................................130
The Study of Crime: Criminology ........................................................................134
LESSON 7 Criminal Law Procedure ...................................................................142
Criminal Procedure Stages ....................................................................................143
What is Criminal Procedure? ................................................................................147
LESSON 8 Punishment in Criminal Law ............................................................153
Punishment and Its Purposes .................................................................................154
Punishment and Its Types ......................................................................................160
Capital Punishment ................................................................................................171
KEY ..........................................................................................................................175
REFERENCES ....................................................................................................187
Information about the authors ...........................................................................190

4
FOREWORD

The textbook is devoted to the second-year students of non-linguistic
departments studying in the training direction 40.03.01 «Jurisprudence».
The textbook is aimed at expanding, enriching and improving the professional
competence of law-students in legal English through the use of special texts, terms
and professionally-oriented translation. The task of the textbook is to introduce
students into the peculiarities of essential legal English usage in such spheres of
criminal law as crime, criminal procedure and punishment. Using authentic
materials, students will improve their reading, writing and speaking skills in a
context relevant to their studies in types of crime, crimes against people, law
enforcement agencies work, types of evidence in criminal law, forensic science,
criminology studies, criminal law procedure, purposes and types of criminal
punishment.
The types of tasks contribute to the systematization of students’ knowledge in
a given direction of training and specialty, the replenishment of the vocabulary, the
improvement of skills in reading professionally-oriented literature as well as the
development of a certain level of foreign communicative competence that will allow
law-students to use the English language in practice.
The book is useful for successful teaching legal English in criminal law and is
suitable both for classroom use and for self-study purposes.

5
ENGLISH
for
Law Students

6
7
LESSON 1

Crime in Criminal Law

Vocabulary

actus reus – состав преступления, преступное деяние

defendant – обвиняемый, подсудимый

defense AE (defence BE) – защита
duress – принуждение

evidence – доказательство

excuse – оправдать, освобождать

incarceration – заключение в тюрьму

innocence – невиновность
insanity – невменяемость, безумие

loss of liberty – потеря свободы

malice aforethought – преступный (злой) умысел

mens rea – преступный умысел

parole – условное (досрочное) освобождение
8
prosecution – преследование в уголовном порядке, обвинение

punishment – наказание
self-defense – самозащита

sentence – приговор, приговаривать

statute – законодательный акт, законоположение, устав

suspect – подозреваемый
threat – угроза
violence – насилие

Pay attention to the pronunciation of the words:

actus reus [actus ˈrɪəs] incarceration [ɪnkɑːsəˈreɪʃn]
aforethought [əˈfɔːθɔːt] insanity [ɪnˈsænɪtɪ]
breach [briːʧ] malice [ˈmælɪs]
deviant [ˈdiːvɪənt] mens rea [menz reɪ]
deviancy [ˈdiːvij(e)nsiː] parole [pəˈrəʊl]
dishonourable [dɪsˈɒnərəbl] prosecution [prɒsɪˈkjuːʃn]
duress [djʊˈrɛs] suspect ['sʌspekt]
evidence [ˈevɪdəns] violence [ˈvaɪələns]

1. Answer the questions before reading the text:
1) What is the criminal law?
2) What is a crime?
3) Why do people commit crimes?

9
2. Read and translate the text.

Criminal Law and Crime

Criminal law is a complex system of laws and rules that define criminal acts,
set punishments, and outline the rules guiding the process from investigation and
arrest to sentencing and parole.
Crime is categorized as a part of
public law – the law regulating the relations
between citizens and the state. A crime is
wrongful conduct which is prohibited by
law and may be punished by a loss of
liberty (incarceration). The word «crime» is
generally associated with wrongdoing but
not every type of wrongdoing is a crime.
Telling lies is immoral wrong but if telling
lies is put into practice resulting in physical
harm to another, then such action becomes
both criminal and immoral. There are some
acts which are crimes in one country but not
in another.
In many legal systems it is an important principle that a person cannot be
considered guilty of a crime until the state proves he committed it. The suspect
himself need not prove anything, although he will, of course, help himself if he can
show evidence of his innocence. The state must prove his guilt according to high
standards, and for each crime there are precise elements which must be proven. In
codified systems, these elements are usually recorded in statutes.
There are usually two important elements to a crime: (i) the criminal act itself;
and (ii) the criminal state of mind of the person when he committed the act. In
Anglo-American law these are known by the Latin terms of (i) Actus Reus and
(ii) Mens Rea.
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