English for Bachelors

66 Pages·2.974 MB·Russian

by  Ярославова, Е. Н. (авт.)

Министерство образования и науки Российской Федерации
Южно-Уральский государственный университет
Кафедра иностранных языков

Ш143.21-9
K56

О.И. Ковалёва, Е.Н. Ярославова

ENGLISH FOR BACHELORS:
TECHNOLOGY OF ARTISTIC MATERIAL
PROCESSING

Учебное пособие

Челябинск
Издательский центр ЮУрГУ
2018
ББК Ш143.21-923
K56

Одобрено
учебно-методической комиссией Института лингвистики
и международных коммуникаций

Рецензенты:
к.п.н., доцент Л.Б..Довгополова; к.п.н., доцент Т.А. Бояльская

Ковалёва, О.И.
К56 English for Bachelors: Technology of Artistic Material Processing: учебное пособие /
О.И. Ковалёва, Е.Н. Ярославова. – Челябинск: Издательский центр ЮУрГУ, 2018. –
6 6 с .

Учебное пособие предназначено для студентов второго курса специальности
«Технология художественной обработки материалов». Цель пособия – формирование
у студентов иноязычной профессионально-ориентированной коммуникативной
компетенции.
Учебное пособие состоит из двух глав и включает материал для развития
навыков чтения с использованием текстов профессионального характера, а также
комплекс заданий, направленный на совершенствование лингвистической и
дискурсивной компетенции.

ББК Ш143.21-923

© Издательский центр ЮУрГУ, 2018
PART I. ART AND DESIGN

Unit 1. What is Art

Lead-in
1. What is art?
2. What are the main constituencies of art?
3. What forms of art do you know?

Look at the pictures below and match them with the pieces of art :
a. Composition by Kandinsky b. The Thinker by Auguste Rodin c. Starry Night by
Vincent Van Gogh d. Venus de Milo by Alexandros of Antioch

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Read the following quotations and discuss

 Painting is poetry that is seen rather than felt, and poetry is painting that is felt rather than
seen. ~Leonardo da Vinci
 Why should you think that beauty is a stone on the beach, for any passerby to pick up?
Beauty is something wonderful and strange, that the artist creates in torment, out of chaos. It isn't
always easy to recognize at first. For that you must have knowledge, and sensitiveness, and
imagination. ~W. Somerset Maugham (1874–1965) and Albert Lewin, The Moon and Sixpence
 Art is the desire of a man to express himself, to record the reactions of his personality to the
world he lives in. ~Amy Lowell
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 We all know that Art is not truth. Art is a lie that makes us realize truth, at least the truth
that is given us to understand. The artist must know the manner whereby to convince others of the
truthfulness of his lies. ~Pablo Picasso
 Art is a collaboration between God and the artist, and the less the artist does the better.
~André Gide

Lesson A. The Main Concepts of Art

Reading and vocabulary
1. diverse – различный, разнообразный
2. imaginative –одарённый богатым воображением, образный, обладающий богатым
воображением
3. skill – умение, мастерство
4. to appreciate – ценить, оценивать, различать
5. decorative arts– изобразительное/декоративное искусство
6. visual arts – изобразительное/визуальное искусство
7. fine arts – изящные искусства
8. visual media – наглядная информация/средства наглядной информации
9. craft – ремесло, искусство, умение, промыселa
10. to refer – ссылаться, упоминать, относиться
11. to distinguish – отличать, различать, распознавать
12. to acquire – приобретать, получать, достигать, овладевать
13. to apply – обращаться, применять, прикладывать
14. to constitute – составлять, основывать, образовывать
15. mimesis – подражание
16. to сonsider – признавать, считать , рассматриваться

1. Skim the text for general understanding. Think of the title to the text.

Art is a highly diverse range of human activities engaged in creating visual, auditory, or
performed artifacts – artworks – that express the author’s imaginative or technical skill, and are
intended to be appreciated for their beauty or emotional power.
The oldest documented forms of art are visual arts, which include images or objects in fields
like painting, sculpture, printmaking , photography, and other visual media . Architecture is often
included as one of the visual arts; however, like the decorative arts, it involves the creation of
objects where the practical considerations of use are essential, in a way that they usually are not in
another visual art, like a painting.
Art may be characterized in terms of mimesis (its representation of reality), expression,
communication of emotion, or other qualities. Though the definition of what constitutes art is
disputed and has changed over time, general descriptions center on the idea of imaginative or
technical skill stemming from human agency and creation. When it comes to visually identifying a
work of art, there is no single set of values or aesthetic traits. A Baroque painting will not
necessarily share much with a contemporary performance piece, but they are both considered art.
Art is often examined through the interaction of the principles and elements of art. The
principles of art include movement, unity, harmony, variety, balance, contrast, proportion and
pattern. The elements include texture, form, space, shape, color, value and line. The various
interactions between the elements and principles of art help artists to organize sensorially pleasing
works of art while also giving viewers a framework within which to analyze and discuss aesthetic
ideas. (1541 п.зн).
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-arthistory/chapter/what-is-art/
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2. Read the text once again and mark the statements as true (T), false (F).
1) Wide variety of human activities dealing with artworks creation that are aimed at being
appreciated for their beauty or emotional power is considered to be art.
2) Visual arts including painting, sculpture, printmaking, photography, and other visual media
are stated as the oldest recorded art forms.
3) Architecture is one of the forms of visual arts.
4) The interaction of elements and principles of art help to examine art.

3. Match the words with the definitions.
1) skill a) degree of excellence; characteristic, attribute; nature, character;
excellence
2) object b) study of the principles of existence behavior and knowledge, study
of the nature of human thought and of the world
3) media c) he quality of being pleasing, especially to look at, or someone or
something that gives great pleasure, especially when looking at it
4) literature d) article, thing; goal; objective; focus of a thought or action;
(Grammar) recipient of action; (Computers) image or part of a
document that can be embedded within another document; (in OOP)
self-contained unit of data with its own built-in procedures
5) quality e) the learned ability to carry out a task with pre-determined results
often within a given amount of time, energy, or both. In other words,
the abilities that one possesses
6) philosophy f) writings having lasting artistic value (i.e. poems, novels, essays,
etc.); body of writing from a particular country (or time period, etc.);
body of writing dealing with a certain subject; literary work; any
printed material; profession of a writer
7) beauty g) means by which something is accomplished; means of expression;
channel of communication; middle man, intermediary; substance or
environment through which something is affected; broker; psychic
(Spiritual)

4. Read the sentence pairs. Choose which word or phrase best fits each blank.

visual arts / decorative arts
A. The ________are art forms that create works that are primarily visual in nature, such as

ceramics, drawing, painting, sculpture, printmaking, design, crafts, photography, video,
film making and architecture.
B. The _____ are arts or crafts whose object is the design and manufacture of objects that
are both beautiful and functional. It includes interior design, but not usually
architecture.
skill/craft
A. Fine art refers to a __________used to express the artist's creativity.
B. A _____ is an activity such as weaving, carving, or pottery that involves making things
skilfully by hand, often in a traditional way.

fine arts/visual media
A. Picasso exhibition will be held at the Pushkin _____Museum in Moscow and the
Hermitage Museum in St Petersburg.
B. ________are sources of information in the form of visual representations

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Listening and watching
Watch the video and complete https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dwK4zv5rdbA
1. There is no one universal definition of art, because __________________
2. Art can be _____________________
3. It’s not just delightful but can also show ___________________
4. It’ s not just the beautiful but _______________________
5. Art can be in _______________________
6. The definition of art has transformed ____________________
7. As the saying goes, “Art is _________________
8. According to Pablo Picasso “The purpose of art __________________
9. Science says “Art makes________________________

Speaking
Look at the picture, study definitions of art.

6.

With a partner discuss different views on what art is.
Use language such as
For agreement: For disagreement use:
– I fully agree – I don’t think that’s right
– It goes without saying – Well, I’m not sure if it’s true
– I believe it’s correct – Actually, I disagree
– I think it is right – Frankly speaking, I disagree
– I quite agree – I can’t agree with it

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Lesson B. Theory of Art

Before you read talk on the following
 What is considered as art?
 What are the major art movements?

Reading
1. Read the text about different art theories and fill in the table.

Theory Key concepts Examples
Contemporary craft thinkers

How best to define the term "art" is a subject of constant contention, many books and journal
articles have been published arguing over even the basics of what we mean by the term "art".
The main recent sense of the word "art" is roughly as an abbreviation for creative art or "fine
art." Here we mean that skill is being used to express the artist's creativity, or to engage the
audience's aesthetic sensibilities, or to draw the audience towards consideration of the "finer"
things. Often, if the skill is being used in a functional object, people will consider it a craft instead
of art, a suggestion which is highly disputed by many Contemporary Craft thinkers. Likewise, if the
skill is being used in a commercial or industrial way it may be considered design instead of art, or
contrariwise these may be defended as art forms, perhaps called applied art. Some thinkers, for
instance, have argued that the difference between fine art and applied art has more to do with the
actual function of the object than any clear definitional difference. Art usually implies no function
other than to convey or communicate an idea.
Even as late as 1912 it was normal in the West to assume that all art aims at beauty, and thus
that anything that wasn't trying to be beautiful couldn't count as art. The Cubists, Dadaists,
Stravinsky and many later art movements struggled against this conception that beauty was central
to the definition of art, with such success that, according to Danto, "Beauty had disappeared not
only from the advanced art of the 1960's but from the advanced philosophy of art of that decade as
well..
Proceduralists often suggest that it is the process by which a work of art is created or viewed
that makes it art, not any inherent feature of an object, or how well received it is by the institutions
of the art world after its introduction to society. If a poet writes down several lines, intending them
as a poem, the very procedure by which it is written makes it a poem. Whereas if a journalist writes
exactly the same set of words, intending them as shorthand notes to help him write a longer article
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later, these would not be a poem. Leo Tolstoy, on the other hand, claims in his what is art? (1897)
that what decides whether or not something is art is how it is experienced by its audience, not by the
intention of its creator.
Functionalists like Monroe Beardsley argue that whether or not a piece counts as art depends
on what function it plays in a particular context; the same Greek vase may play a non-artistic
function in one context (carrying wine), and an artistic function in another context (helping us to
appreciate the beauty of the human figure). '
Marxist attempts to define art focus on its place in the mode of production, such as in Walter
Benjamin's essay The Author as Producer,] and/or its political role in class struggle. Revising some
concepts of the Marxist philosopher Louis Althusser, Gary Tedman defines art in terms of social
reproduction of the relations of production on the aesthetic level (2515).
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theory_of_art

2. Read the text once again once again and present it in the form of associogramme.

The The aim
concepts of of art
art
Producti The role
on value of art of art

Extra practice
Art idioms. Read and discuss. Make comments
. Act out situations.
Art is long and life is short.

Works of art last much longer than human lives.
Life is too short to learn everything you need to know
about a particular discipline.
Alan: You ought to do something besides paint
pictures in your spare time. Come out with us, have
some fun.
Bob: Having fun will not win me immortality.
Only my paintings can do that. Art is long and life
is short. I always feel a sense of awe when I look at
the Babylonian statues in the art museum. They
were made thousands of years ago. Art is long and life is short.
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2. Blank canvas
A person or thing that has nothing of substance or permanence within or imprinted upon him,
her, or it, such that it can be easily filled with entirely new things. Refers to a painter's canvas that
has yet to be painted on. Children's minds are blank canvasses, so we have to be sure to provide
them with enriching education and opportunities so as to give them the best possible future. I love
moving into a new house and having a blank canvas to make my own!

3. Fine art
Something requiring highly developed techniques and skills. This term alludes to the fine arts,
such as music, painting, and sculpture, which require both skill and talent. It is now often used to
describe anything that takes skill to do.

4. Paint (something) with a broad brush
To describe or characterize something in very general, vague, or broad terms, ignoring or
neglecting to include specific details. When asked about how she would stabilize the economy, the
candidate painted her plan with a broad brush, resorting to vague claims about creating jobs and
getting people back to work.

5. State of the art
Having or using the most advanced, up-to-date technology available. Our new state-of-the-art
facility will be at the forefront of cancer research. After working in such a drab, old-fashioned
office for so long, it's refreshing to work somewhere that's so state of the art.

Lesson C. Purpose of Art

Before you read talk on the following.
 What does art do?
 What is the purpose of art?
 Look at the pictures below. What type of art do they demonstrate?

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Reading
1. Read the text and choose the headings (A-E) to the paragraphs
A. Art as a "free zone"
B. Art for social causes
C. The Avant-Garde. Art for political change.
D. Art as entertainment
E. Communication.
Art has had a great number of different functions throughout its history, making its purpose difficult
to abstract or quantify to any single concept. The different purposes of art may be grouped
according to those that are non-motivated and those that are motivated (Lévi-Strauss).
Motivated purposes of art refer to intentional, conscious actions on the part of the artists or creator.
These may be to bring about political change, to comment on an aspect of society, to convey a
specific emotion or mood, to address personal psychology, to illustrate another discipline, to (with
commercial arts) sell a product, or simply as a form of communication.
(I)_______________________ Art, at its simplest, is a form of communication. As most forms of
communication have an intent or goal directed toward another individual, this is a motivated
purpose. Illustrative arts, such as scientific illustration, are a form of art as communication. Maps
are another example. However, the content need not be scientific. Emotions, moods and feelings are
also communicated through art.
(II)____________________. Art may seek to bring about a particular emotion or mood, for the
purpose of relaxing or entertaining the viewer. This is often the function of the art industries of
Motion Pictures and Video Games.
(III) ______________.One of the defining functions of early twentieth-century art has been to use
visual images to bring about political change. Art movements that had this goal–Dadaism,
Surrealism, Russian constructivism, and Abstract Expressionism, among others–are collectively
referred to as the avante-garde arts.
(IV) __________ removed from the action of the social censure. Unlike the avant-
garde movements, which wanted to erase cultural differences in order to produce new universal
values, contemporary art has enhanced its tolerance towards cultural differences as well as its
critical and liberating functions (social inquiry, activism, subversion, deconstruction ...), becoming a
more open place for research and experimentation.
(V) ________________ Art can be used to raise awareness for a large variety of causes. A number
of art activities were aimed at raising awareness of autism, cancer, human trafficking, and a variety
of other topics, such as ocean conservation, human rights in Darfur, murdered and missing
Aboriginal women, elder abuse, and pollution. Trashion, using trash to make fashion, practiced by
artists such as Marina DeBris is one example of using art to raise awareness about pollution.
The functions of art described above are not mutually exclusive, as many of them may overlap. For
example, art for the purpose of entertainment may also seek to sell a product, i.e. the movie or video
game. (2447)
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/a0/Castaway_Dress_Designed_by_Marina_DeBris.jpg
2. Read the text once again. Then choose the correct answers.
1) What is the purpose of this text?
A. to describe different functions the art has had throughout its history
B. to present different groups of art purposes according to those that are non-motivated
and those that are motivated
C. to speak in detail about motivated purposes of art
2) Which is of the following is NOT true about motivated purposes of art
A. they relate to intentional, conscious actions on the part of the artists or creator
B. they are integral to being human, and do not fulfill a specific external purpose
C. are not mutually exclusive, because they may overlap

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