English Around the World: An Introduction

280 Pages·2011·10.75 MB·English

by  Edgar W. Schneider

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English Around the World
TheglobalspreadofEnglishhashadwidespreadlinguistic,social,andculturalimplications,
affectingthelivesofmillionsofpeoplearoundtheworld.Thistextbookprovidesalivelyand
accessibleintroductiontoworldEnglishes,describingvarietiesusedincountriesasbroad-
rangingasAmerica,Jamaica,Australia,Africa,andAsia,andsettingthemwithintheir
historicalandsocialcontexts.Studentsareguidedthroughthematerialwithchapter
previewsandsummaries,maps,timelines,listsofkeyterms,discussionquestionsand
exercises,andacomprehensiveglossary,helpingthemtounderstand,analyze,and
comparedifferentvarietiesofEnglish,andapplydescriptiveterminology.Thebookis
accompaniedbyausefulwebsite,containingtextualandaudioexamplesofthevarieties
introducedinthetext,andlinkstorelatedsourcesofinterest.Providingessentialknowledge
andskillsforthoseembarkingonthestudyofworldEnglishes,thisissettobecomethe
leadingintroductiontothesubject.
EDGARW.SCHNEIDERisFullProfessorandChairofEnglishLinguisticsintheDepartmentof
EnglishandAmericanStudies,andDeanoftheFacultyforLinguistics,LiteratureandCultural
Studies,attheUniversityofRegensburg,Germany.
Cambridge Introductions to the English Language
CambridgeIntroductionstotheEnglishLanguageisaseriesofaccessibleundergraduate
textbooksonthekeytopicsencounteredinthestudyoftheEnglishlanguage.Tailoredtosuit
theneedsofindividualtaughtcoursemodules,eachbookiswrittenbyanauthorwith
extensiveexperienceofteachingthetopictoundergraduates.Thebooksassumenoprior
subjectknowledge,andpresentthebasicfactsinaclearandstraightforwardmanner,
makingthemidealforbeginners.Theyaredesignedtobemaximallyreader-friendly,with
chaptersummaries,glossaries,andsuggestionsforfurtherreading.Extensiveexercisesand
discussionquestionsareincluded,encouragingstudentstoconsolidateanddeveloptheir
learning,andprovidingessentialhomeworkmaterial.Awebsiteaccompanieseachbook,
featuringsolutionstotheexercisesandusefuladditionalresources.Settobecomethe
leadingintroductionstothefield,booksinthisseriesprovidetheessentialknowledgeand
skillsforthoseembarkingonEnglishLanguageStudies.
Booksintheseries
TheSoundStructureofEnglish ChrisMcCully
OldEnglish JeremyJ.Smith
EnglishAroundtheWorld EdgarW.Schneider
English Around the World
An Introduction
Edgar W. Schneider
cambridgeuniversitypress
Cambridge,NewYork,Melbourne,Madrid,CapeTown,Singapore,
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CambridgeUniversityPress
TheEdinburghBuilding,CambridgeCB28RU,UK
PublishedintheUnitedStatesofAmericabyCambridgeUniversityPress,NewYork
www.cambridge.org
Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/9780521716581
©EdgarW.Schneider2011
Thispublicationisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexception
andtotheprovisionsofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements,
noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithoutthewritten
permissionofCambridgeUniversityPress.
Firstpublished2011
PrintedintheUnitedKingdomattheUniversityPress,Cambridge
AcataloguerecordforthispublicationisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary
ISBN978-0-521-88846-2hardback
ISBN978-0-521-71658-1paperback
Additionalresourcesforthispublicationatwww.cambridge.org/schneider
CambridgeUniversityPresshasnoresponsibilityforthepersistenceor
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Contents
Listoffigures pageviii
Listofmaps x
Listoftables xi
Listoftextsandaudiosamples xii
Acknowledgments xiv
Anoteonusingthisbook xvii
1 Introduction 1
1.1 English,bothglobalizingandnativizing 2
1.2 English,bothglobalandlocal:afirstexample 5
1.3 Previewofthefollowingchapters 9
2 Basicnotions 14
2.1 Languagevariation 15
2.2 Levelsoflanguage(variation) 18
2.3 Languagechangeandlanguagecontact 25
2.4 CategorizingWorldEnglishes 29
2.5 Ecologycomesfirst 35
3 Historicalbackground 42
3.1 Europeancolonization:afewintroductory
observations 42
3.2 Colonizationtypes:motivesandconsequencesfor
communicativepatterns 45
3.3 AshortsurveyofBritishcolonization:from
theEmpiretotheCommonwealthofNations 48
3.4 Americajumpsin:thegrowthandimpactofa
superpower 51
3.5 Internationalizationandlocalization:
post-independencedevelopments 53
3.6 Varietytypesonhistoricalgrounds 54
Contents
3.7 ThespreadofglobalEnglish:somenumbers 56
3.8 Globalspread,regionalcontexts,localissues 57
4 Languagecrossinganocean:OldWorldand
NewWorld 62
4.1 Rootsandearlyexpansion:theBritishIsles 63
4.2 BuildingaNewWorld?NorthAmerica 76
4.3 Plantationwealthandmisery:theCaribbean 93
5 Settlersandlocals:SouthernHemisphereEnglishes,
transportedandnewlyborn 111
5.1 Prideinbeing“downunder”:AustraliaandNew
Zealand 112
5.2 Nationbuildingwithlanguage(s):SouthAfrica 122
6 Missionaries,merchants,andmore:Englishisuseful,
Englishisours 134
6.1 Englishforadministration,Englishforthe
marketplace:Sub-SaharanAfrica 135
6.2 Morethanjustcolonialtraces:Southand
South-EastAsia 149
6.3 ThousandIslands:ThePacific 164
6.4 Futureaspirations:EastAsia 176
7 Languagedevelopment:ageneralperspective 189
7.1 Themechanismsofproducingnewvarietiesof
English 189
7.2 Widespreadoutcomes 197
8 Issuesandattitudes 210
8.1 GettingaheadwithEnglish:thetensionbetween
elitismandgrassrootsspread 211
8.2 “Killerlanguage”ordenialofaccess? 213
8.3 It’sallaboutcommunicating:“International
English,”intelligibility,businessEnglish,
andELF 215
8.4 Whosenorms? 218
8.5 Whoselanguage?“Native,”“first,”“dominant,”
orwhat? 220
8.6 Languagemixingandculturalhybridity 222
8.7 Pedagogicalstrategiesandconsiderations 224
9 Conclusion 229
vi
Contents
Appendix1: Phoneticcharacters 231
Appendix2: AlistofguidingquestionsonEnglish
inanyspecificregion 234
Glossary 237
References 246
Index 253
vii
Figures
1 Shoppingandbargainingwithtourists–aclassic
situation which calls for English (here in India) page 3
2 Adhoti,thecommonIndiangarmentformales 22
3 IndianEnglishphraseology 23
4 ASingaporean–Malaysianstreetscene,includinga
petrolkiosk 24
5 AWestAfricanmarket 28
6 GraphicrepresentationofKachru’s“ThreeCircles”
model 32
7 Asettlerwomaninahistoricvillage,CapeBreton,
Canada 47
8 Popularculturerepresentationofdifferencesbetween
theNorthandtheSouth 84
9 PrintedJamaicancreoleinanewspapercartoon 101
10 TreatyofWaitangi 114
11 Regionalsyntax:transitivefarewellinNewZealand
English 116
12 HongKong–trilingual,biscriptural,andmulticultural
metropolis 155
13 Singapore,theMerlioncity 158
14 CookIslanders’traditionaldancingatAuckland’s
PasifikaFestival2008 166
15 Hawai’ianPidginasrepresentedinPidgintodaMax 170
16 ElectionposterbythePanguPati,Papua
NewGuinea1977 172
17 TempleentranceinKyoto 178