England Under the Norman and Angevin Kings, 1075-1225 (New Oxford History of England)

810 Pages·2002·111.05 MB·English

by  Robert Bartlett

THE NEW OXFORD HISTORY
OF ENGLAND
Gefl(,f"al Er/Hot" . J. ,\1. Rouurrs

England Under
the Norman
and Angevin Kings
1075- 1225
ROBERT BART LETT
CLARENDON PRESS· OXFORD
OXFORD
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General Editor's Preface
The first volume of Sir Ceorge Clark's Oxford His/oty of EI/glalld was
published in 193+ Undertaking the General Edilorship of a N~w OXfUHJ
His/()/yo{ Eng/afUfforty-five years later it was hard not to feel overshadowed
by its powerful influence and well-deserved status. Some ofCJark's volumes
(his own among them) were brilliam individual achievements, hard to rival
and impossible to match. Of course. he and his readers shared a broad sense
of the purpose and direction of such books. His successor can no longer be
sure of doing that. The building-blocks of the story. its reasonable and
meaningful demarcations and divisions. the continuities and discontinuities,
the priorities of different varieties of history. the place of narrative-all
these things are now mudl harder to agree upon. We now know much more
about many things. and think about what we know in different ways. It is not
surprising that historians now sometimes seem unsure about the audience to
which their scholarship and writing are addressed.
In the end. authors should be left to write their own books. None the less.
the N('wOxfonl HiS(OfyofEflglaudis intended to be more than a collection of
discrete or idiosyncratic histories in chronological order. Its aim is to give
an account of the development of our country in time. It is hard to treat that
development as just the history which unfolds within the precise boundaries
of England. and a mistake to suggest that this implies a neglect of the
histories of the Scots. Irish. and Welsh. Yet the institutional core of the story
which runs from Anglo-Saxon times to our own is the story of a state
structure built round the English monarchy and its effective successor, the
Crown in Parliament. and that provides the only continuous articulation of
the history of peoples we today call British. It follows that there must be
uneven and sometimes discontinuous treatment of much of the history of
those peoples. The state story remains. nevertheless, an intelligible thread
and to me appears still to justify the title both of this series and that of its
predecessor.
If the attention given to the other kingdoms and the principality of Wales
must reflect in this series their changing relationship to that central theme.
this is not only way in which the emphasis of individual volumes will be
different. Each author has been asked to bring fOlWard what he or she seesas
the most important topics explaining the history understudy. taking account
of the present state of historical knowledge, drawing attention to areas of
dispute and to matters on which final judgement is at present difficult (or.
perhaps. impossible) and not merely recapitulating what has recently been
viii
the fashionable centre of professional debate. But each volume, allowing for
its special approach and proportions, must also provide a comprehensive
account. in which politics is always likely to be prominent. Volumes have
to be demarcated chronologically but continu ities must not be obscured: ves
tigiallyor not. copyhold survived into the 19205 and the Anglo·Saxon shires
until the 1970S (some of which were to be resurrected in the 19 90s. too). Any
Single volume should be an entry-pOint to the understanding of processes
only slowly unfolding, sometimes across centuries. My hope is that in the end
we shall have, as the outcome, a set of standard and authoritative histories,
embodying the scholarship of a generation. and not mere compendia in
which the determinants are lost to sight anlOng the detail.
J. M. Rom:RTS
Acknowledgements
This book was wrillell in the sympathetic and Slimulaling cnvilOlIInenl of the
Departrnenl of Mediaeval I-lislory al the University of SI AIKirews. I1 owes a greal
deal to the readily shared learnillg. interest. ami cncoufab'Cl11cnl of colleagues with ill
the Depart menl amllo the spur providoo by pari icularly illleJligcnl a(Kt congenial
it
Ixxly of students. The University itself olTeral valuahle practical help to support the
research on which the hook was based. Some sectiOIlS had an airing in talks at olher
lIuiversil ies and bCllclited from lively and informed criticism and COllllllent Oil those
occasions. DOlllesday Book SIa list ics were kindly provided by John PaJmcr of the
Univcrsily of I lull.
Tenure of a British A(adcmy Research Readership in '995-7 was (nidal ill
providing 1111 int.;rruptco:l time f()r rcading and writing, This is deeply valuco:t. Th.;
schcm.; is a mudel uf imaginat ive alld whole-hcarte<.t supporl for scholarship_
Two individuals in particular mnsl he nWlllionco:l wilh esped31 gralilnde. JOhl1
Iludson. a valuco:l colleague alKI friend. has read the whole book in draft and mad.;
innumerable suggestions. comnwnts. and criticisms. drawing on his own deep
knowhlge ofth.; pcrKKI, The hook has I~en gr.;atly improved by those IX1Urs in the
Whey Pat Tavern, Fillally. and most imlxlrtaruly. Nora Bartletl has backed this
projl..:.:t wilh characteristic wlK)le-heartco:lr~ss. r.;ariillg and coml1lClIling Il]XJII the
ellt i re text and giving Illllim ited and mudl apprer.iatco:l cncolll'agcmCIII.
ROlll:RT IIARTl..lTT
... lalCIl1CS l'cmrn (aIlSllS pl'Opalal'c ncquco sed l'OgalUs a St)(:iis
anualcrn hiSluriarn sirn plicilCl' a(lilo.
(Orcicric Vilalis. l1islOI;a f'CC/e,iMlica '3. I 6)