England and its Rulers: 1066 - 1307 PDF
Preview England and its Rulers: 1066 - 1307
Q1 ENGLAND AND ITS RULERS 1066–1307 A1 WILEY BLACKWELL CLASSIC HISTORIES OF ENGLAND This series comprises new editions of seminal histories of England. Written by the leading scholars of their generation, the books represent both major works of historical analysis and interpretation and clear, authoritative overviews of the major periods of English history. All the volumes have been revised for inclusion with the series and many include updated material to aid further study. Wiley Blackwell Classic Histories of England provides a forum in which these key works can continue to be enjoyed by scholars, students and general readers alike. Published Roman Britain Third Edition Malcolm Todd England and Its Rulers: 1066–1307 Fourth Edition M. T. Clanchy Crown and Nobility: England 1272–1485 Second Edition Anthony Tuck Church and People: England 1450–1660 Second Edition Claire Cross Politics and Nation: England 1450–1660 Fifth Edition David Loades Politics without Democracy: 1815–1914 Second Edition Michael Bentley A1 ENGLAND AND ITS RULERS 1066–1307 M. T. CLANCHY fourth edition A1 This edition first published 2014 © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd Edition history: Blackwell Publishing Ltd (3e 2006, 2e 1998), Fontana Paperbacks (1e 1983) Registered Office John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK Editorial Offices 350 Main Street, Malden, MA 02148-5020, USA 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, OX4 2DQ, UK The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK For details of our global editorial offices, for customer services, and for information about how to apply for permission to reuse the copyright material in this book please see our website at www.wiley.com/wiley-blackwell. The right of M.T. Clanchy to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted in accordance with the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, without the prior permission of the publisher. Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books. Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks. All brand names and product names used in this book are trade names, service marks, trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. The publisher is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book. Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and author have used their best efforts in preparing this book, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this book and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. It is sold on the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services and neither the publisher nor the author shall be liable for damages arising herefrom. If professional advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional should be sought. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Clanchy, M. T. England and its rulers, 1066–1307 / M.T. Clanchy. – Fourth edition. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-118-73623-4 (pbk.) 1. Great Britain–History–Medieval period, 1066-1485. 2. Great Britain–History– Norman period, 1066-1154. 3. Great Britain–History–Angevin period, 1154-1216. 4. Great Britain–History–Henry III, 1216-1272. 5. Great Britain–Kings and rulers. I. Title. DA175.C57 2014 942.02–dc23 2014002671 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Cover image: Detail of illuminated initial ‘E’, from Bishop Puiset’s Bible, c.1170–80. Durham Cathedral Library, A.II.1, vol. 3, fo. 131v. Reproduced by permission of the Dean A1 and Chapter of Durham. Set in 11/13.5 pt Bembo by Toppan Best-set Premedia Limited 1 2014 Contents Preface to the Fourth Edition ix List of Abbreviations x Maps 1. England and France xi 2. England and the Mediterranean xii 3. Edward I’s kingdom in Britain in 1305 xiii 1 England’s Place in Medieval Europe 1 England and its conquerors 3 Europe and the world 6 England’s destiny 10 Interpretations of English history 15 England and Britain 18 Part I The Normans (1066–1135) 23 2 The Norman Conquest (1066–87) 28 Immediately after the Conquest 28 Debates about the Conquest 31 English feelings about the Normans 35 Names and languages 39 Domesday Book 42 3 Norman Government (1087–1135) 47 William Rufus and Henry I 48 A1 The development of institutions 54 vi contents The Exchequer 56 Feudalism 60 4 Church Reform 65 The Anglo-Saxon church 65 Lanfranc and Norman control 68 Anselm and religious perfection 73 Monastic expansion 77 5 The Creation of Wealth 83 Competition between churches and towns 84 Markets and money 89 What was wealth? 92 Did the Normans make a difference? 95 Part II The Angevins (1135–99) 99 6 Struggles for the Kingdom (1135–99) 106 Property and inheritance 107 Stephen and Matilda 110 Henry II’s ancestral rights 113 Henry II and his sons 118 Richard I 120 7 Law and Order 125 The law and feudalism 126 The system described by Glanvill 128 Henry II’s intentions 131 Bureaucracy 133 Why did England develop a system of its own? 136 8 The Twelfth-century Renaissance 140 England’s place in this Renaissance 142 Curiales and Latinists 145 The Owl and the Nightingale 148 Artists and patrons 150 9 The Matter of Britain 155 A1 Arthur and Merlin 158 Wales – defining an allegiance 162 contents vii Modernization in Scotland 167 Civilization in Ireland 174 10 Family and Gender 182 Gender 185 Clerics and the family 188 The law of marriage 191 House and home 194 Part III The Poitevins (1199–1272) 198 11 King John and the Minority of Henry III (1199–1227) 203 The Poitevin connection 203 The record of King John 207 Magna Carta 210 The regency of William the Marshal 214 Implications of the minority 219 12 The Personal Rule of Henry III (1227–58) 223 Contemporary rulers 224 The return of Peter des Roches 228 Henry’s style of kingship 232 Henry’s European strategy 239 The ‘Sicilian business’ 243 13 National Identity 248 National feeling in Henry III’s reign 248 The papacy and internationalism 251 The identity of England 253 The use of the English language 257 From lordship to nation state 260 The expulsion of the Poitevins 263 14 The Commune of England (1258–72) 267 The confederates of 1258 268 The idea of the commune 271 The Provisions of Oxford 273 Henry III’s recovery 276 A1 Monarchy versus community 278 The king and Westminster abbey 281 viii contents 15 Lordship and the Structure of Society 284 Homage and honour 287 Women and lordship 291 Lords, freemen and serfs 294 Lordship and management 298 Epilogue 304 16 Edward I (1272–1307) 304 Assessing the king’s character 306 The enforcement of royal rights 310 The conquest of Wales 315 The subjection of Scotland 320 English law and nationalism 324 Genealogical Tables Normans and Angevins 331 Angevins and Poitevins 332 The Savoyards 333 Suggestions for Further Reading 334 Index 343 A1
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