Engineering Physics (CC 110011) Common for all Engineering Branches

291 Pages·2011·14.659 MB·English

by  Dattu Joshi

Engineering Physics
(CC 110011)
Common for all Engineering Branches
About the Author
Dattuprasad Ramanlal Joshi has been associated with The M S University of Baroda since 1978
when he fi rst enlisted himself as a student. After completing his education, he has held various posi-
tions like Lecturer, Reader and Associate Professor. He has a teaching experience of 23 years and a
research experience of 27 years.
His education includes an MSc (Applied Physics), obtained from the Faculty of Technology and
Engineering, The M S University of Baroda, in the year 1983. He was then awarded the Univer-
sity Research Fellowship and subsequently UGC (JRF and SRF) Merit Research Fellowship for
four years. Thereafter, he obtained a PhD (Applied Physics) from the Faculty of Technology and
Engineering, The M S University of Baroda, in the year 1991. During his doctoral research period,
he visited, worked and presented research papers at many national laboratories like Crystal Growth
Centre (Anna University, Chennai), Centre for Device Applications (IIT Madras, Chennai), BARC
(Mumbai), TIFR (Mumbai), (IIT Bombay, Mumbai) NPL (New Delhi) where he was trained in the fi eld of crystal growth and
characterisation which was the fi eld of his research.
Dr Joshi has attended and participated in several international conferences/seminars/symposia/workshops within India and
presented more than 15 research papers at national conferences/seminars, all of which were published in the international and
national journals.
Beside these achievements, he has worked as an expert member for the selection committee as a Lecturer and Reader in
Physics, as a Secretary and Chairman of the IPA Baroda chapter, and as a chairman of the Syllabus Committee for the paper
on Applied Physics. Dr Joshi is a Member of the Board of Studies in Applied Physics and a Member of the Board of Studies,
Faculty of Technology and Engineering, The MS University of Baroda.
Yashesh H Gandhi has been associated with the Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda since
1987. He obtained his MSc and PhD degrees from this university. Presently, he is working as Associ-
ate Professor in the same university. He has a teaching experience of about 18 years and a research
experience of about 20 years.
His education includes MSc (Physics) with specialization in Electronics and Radio Physics,
obtained in the year 1989. He was then awarded the university research fellowship. Dr Gandhi
obtained his PhD(Applied Physics) in the year 1996. He did pioneer work in thermo-luminescence
studies on synthetic quartz material. During and after his doctoral research work, he visited, worked
and presented a number of research papers in the research institutions and universities like BARC (Mumbai), PRL(Ahmedabad),
IIT Mumbai, NPL Delhi, and Crystal Growth Centre, Chennai.
Dr Gandhi has participated in several international/national conferences/seminars/workshops/symposia, delivered many
invitee lectures and presented more than 25 research papers to his credit that have been published in international/national jour-
nals or proceedings. He was the fi rst person to initiate Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) studies in synthetic quartz in
India and has guided a research student in the fi eld of optically stimulated luminescence.
Besides these achievements, He has worked as a treasurer of the IPA Baroda chapter. He was instrumental in framing the
revision of the entire course work of PG diploma in solid-state electronics and in revising the syllabus of Applied Physics for
the fi rst semester of the BE course.
Yogesh D Kale has been associated with the L C Institute of Technology, Bhandu since 2009. Prior
to 2009, he worked as a physics teacher for two years in a higher secondary school. He has also
worked in Cosmo Films Limited as a Production Offi cer from 1998 to 2009. He joined research
since 1999 after completion of The M S University minor research project in the fi eld of lumines-
cence. He continued his study of luminescence for his doctoral thesis and obtained a PhD in the
fi eld of Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) of synthetic quartz from The M S University of
Baroda in 2006.
He became the fi rst candidate who started work on OSL of synthetic quartz in the university and
became the third such candidate in the country. Along with his research work, he has participated in
several international and national conferences and published more than 15 research papers in international and national jour-
nals and proceedings. He is a member of the Luminescence Society of India and the Indian Physics Association.
Engineering Physics
(CC 110011)
Common for all Engineering Branches
Dattu Joshi
Head, Applied Physics Department
Faculty of Technology and Engineering
The MS University of Baroda
Vadodara, Gujarat
Yashesh Gandhi
Associate Professor
Applied Physics Department
The MS University of Baroda
Vadodara, Gujarat
Yogesh Kale
Lecturer in Physics
LC Institute of Technology
Bhandu, Mahesana
Gujarat
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Engineering Physics (GTU)
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Preface
Brief Introduction to the Subject
The developments in scientifi c research are so astonishing that modern technology and engineering, which is
built on the basic laws of nature, has also changed shape in tune with it. The strong foundation of engineering
and technology is laid by the basic fundamentals of physics. In view of this, for quick use of new discoveries
and thorough understanding of current-day revolutionized developments in technology and engineering, a
perfect knowledge of basic physics and its principles is absolutely necessary. Keeping this fact under con-
sideration, Gujarat Technological University (GTU) has included basic physics related to new advanced
developments in their curriculum under the title of Physics (CC 110011) for the courses of all the branches
of engineering and technology.
Inspiration Behind this Book
There are plenty of books available in the market showing shortcuts to success in physics. The approach
is based on question–answer type guidelike textbooks (!) which loses its real sense of learning, assimilat-
ing and applying the ideas / laws in the respective fi elds. Students of Gujarat are deprived of a physics book
which does not create the fear of exams. Thorough understanding is an essential aspect for understanding the
simplicity of natural laws of physics. It was felt by most of the teachers and students of Gujarat that there is
no single book available that can cater to all the needs. The lack of availability of good textbooks in this area
leads to underdeveloped profi ciency among the students of this subject, which in turn, affects their profes-
sional expertise later on. The problems faced by students and the questions raised regarding the concepts
they have grasped during their study stimulated us to write a textbook that aims to develop a thorough under-
standing of the concepts of physics and analytical skills through our teaching experience of more than two
decades. The book will not only serve the purpose of imparting knowledge but will also inculcate curiosity,
and analytical quantifying power through engineering applications among the students, and a healthy respect
for the scientifi c community and its ideals. An engineer with a thorough knowledge of his/her subject can
work towards developing products to make self-suffi cient societies.
Scope/Target Audience
The book is strictly intended for the students of fi rst-year engineering of Gujarat Technological University
(GTU). It covers the prescribed syllabus of GTU from the academic year 2006–2007. Solved and unsolved
university papers are included at the end of the book with a complete solution of the latest paper. Questions
viii
Preface
from the past exams are also included at the end of each chapter. The content is presented in such a way so as
to enable even an average student to comprehend the concept without much diffi culty. A knowledge level of
higher secondary grade is enough to understand the topics explained in the book.
Salient Features
• The book covers the prescribed syllabus of physics for fi rst-year BE of Gujarat Technological Univer-
sity of Gujarat.
• Each chapter opens with a puzzle to make the reader develop an interest and look forward to the con-
tents of the chapter.
• Beginning each topic with its basics, the content is developed gradually so that students can develop
a clear idea of the concepts.
• The book emphasizes on its engineering applications to enhance practical knowledge of the subject.
• Ample conceptual, numerical solved and unsolved problems, MCQ’s, reasoning-type short questions
and long questions are provided for improving concepts in physics.
• Wherever necessary, neat and clear diagrams with explanations are provided to enhance better grasp
over the subject.
Organization
The book includes 10 chapters and the sequence is arranged according to the prescribed syllabus of GTU
Physics to help the students. Each chapter does not assume any prior requirement so that individual study of
the chapter is possible without any diffi culty of coherence in matter due to interdependency of topics. The
book is written for a one-semester physics course assuming a total of 50 lecture hours. Problems, MCQ’s,
conceptual questions/problems can be treated separately in the tutorial lectures.
The book contains the main topics like Architectural Acoustics (Chapter 1), Ultrasonics (Chapter 2), Crys-
tal Physics (Chapter 3), Band Theory of solids (Chapter 4), Lasers (Chapter 5), Optical-Fibre Communication
(Chapter 6), Conducting materials (Chapter 7), Superconducting Materials (Chapter 8), New Engineering
Materials (Chapter 9), Non Destructive Testing (Chapter 10).
The book format is more suitable for a textbook rather than a reference book. The selection of problems
and questions are on the basis of increasing diffi culty, keeping in mind its pedagogic character and increasing
inquisitions.
Acknowledgements
We feel highly obliged to numerous authors and scholars on the subject whose esteemed works have been
freely consulted in the course of preparation of this book. Mentioning of the individual names in particular
will be rather too long to be enlisted within such a short span of space. However, special mention ought
to be made of our guides Prof. J R Pandya, Prof. R V Joshi and Prof. T R Joshi who were Ex. Head of
Physics Department and Applied Physics Department of Faculty of Science as well as Faculty of Technology
of The M S University of Baroda due to whom we started our careers as researchers, teachers and thinkers in
physics, and whose able guidance made us worthy of writing this book. We take this opportunity to express
our deep sense of gratitude to our beloved friend and philosopher Dr R T Shah who was a pioneer in develop-
ing CO Laser in India and constantly inspired us to do something useful in the fi eld of physics. The authors
2
are grateful to Dr K V R Murthy and Prof Narayan Murthy, colleagues Dr Chetan Panchal, Dr M S Desai,
Dr B S Chakraborthy, Prof V N Potbhare and Prof Arun Pratap, Ex. Heads, Applied Physics Department,
ix
Preface
Dr R U Purohit, Joint Director, Higher Education, Gujarat State, friends and well wishers whose constant
encouragement and cooperation made us capable of completing this work.
Finally, we unreservedly acknowledge our indebtedness to the publishing team of Tata McGraw Hill Edu-
cation, New Delhi—Ms Vibha Mahajan, Ms Shalini Jha, Ms Tina Jajoriya, Ms Sohini Mukhergee, Mr Anuj
Srivastava and Mr Maunish Pandya, who were pioneers in making this book emerge from our dreams and
take shape into reality!
Feedback
We sincerely hope that the present book will inspire students and young teachers to think about the mysteries
of physics and discuss the ideas behind its basic principles. This book will surely make some contribution in
developing a conceptual foundation for the upcoming generation of engineers.
We have used our rich experience, in the presentation and the development of the subject matter in the
simplest possible manner, keeping in view the diffi culties and limitations of the average students. In spite
of our best efforts, some misprints and omissions might have crept in here and there. We shall be grateful if
readers bring them to our notice. Any genuine and authentic suggestion for the substantial improvement of
the book shall also be heartily welcomed.
The readers are encouraged to provide feedback to the book, either at the author’s own email id or at the
web site.
Dattu Joshi
Yashesh Gandhi
Yogesh Kale
Publisher’s Note
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