Engineering Design Handbook - Automotive Series - The Automotive Assembly:

264 Pages·2016·18.3 MB·English

AMC PAMPHLET AMCP 706-355
ENGINEERING DESIGN HANDBOOK
AUTOMOTIVE SERIES
THE AUTOMOTIVE ASSEMBLY
HEADQUARTERS, U. S. ARMY MATERIEL COMMAND FEBRUARY 1965
HEADQUARTERS
UNITED STATES ARMY MATERIEL COMMAND
WASHINGTON, D. C. 20315
26 February 1965
*AMCP 706- 355, The Automotive Assembly, forming part of the
Automotive Series of the Army Materiel Command Engineering Design
Handbook Series, is published for the information and guidance of all
concerned.
(AMCRD)
FOR THE COMMANDER:
SELWYN D. SMITH, JR.
Major General, USA
Chief of Staff
OFFICLAL:
Colonel, GS
Chief, Administrative Office
DISTRIBUTION: Special
*
This pamphlet supersedes AMCP 706-355, 31 December 1962.
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
Figure No . Page Figure No. Page
Chapter 3 4-8 155mm Self-Propelled Gun. M53-
.............................
3-1 Correlation of Physical Limits of a 1952 4-13
Tracked Vehicle ................... 3-9 4-9 175mm Self-Propelled Gun. T235E1-
..............................
3-2 Outline Diagram of Approved Limited 1960 4-14
Clearances of the Association of Amer- 4-10 &inch Self-Propelled Howitzer. T236
ican Railroads ..................... 3-10 -1958 ........................... 4-15
3-3 Berne International Clearance Dia- 4-11 8-Inch Self-Propelled Howitzer. M55
gram ............................. 3-11 -1959 ........................... 4-16
3-4 C-119G Cargo Compartment Profile . . 3-12 4-12 240mm Self-Propelled Howitzer. T92
3-5 C-123B Cargo Compartment Profile . . 3-13 -1946 ........................... 4-18
..........
3-6 C-124A or C Cargo Compartment Pro- 4-13 Armored Car. M8E1-1945 4-19
file ............................... 3-14 4-14 106mm Self-Propelled Multiple Rifle.
3-7 C-124 Fuselage Clearance Diagram ... 3-15 M50 (0NTOS)-1.. 953 ............... 4-20
3-8 C-124 Cargo Size Limits Chart (Nose 4-15 Vigilante " B 37mm Self-Propelled
Door Loadings) ................... 3-16 Antiaircraft Weapon Mounted on
3-9 C-130A Cargo Compartment Profile . . 3-17 T249 SP Gun Chassis-1960 ........ 4-21
3-10 C-133A Cargo Compartment Profile ... 3-18 4-16 Armored Infantry Vehicle. M59-
3-11 C-133A Aft Loading En,tr ance Cargo 1952 .............................. 4-22
Size-Limit Chart ...... ........... 3-19 4-17 Armored Personnel Carrier. Full-
..............
3-12 Human Reactions to Vertical Vibra- Tracked. M113-1960 4-23
tion .............................. 3-26 4-18 Landing Vehicle. LVTP5-1960 ..... 4-24
3-13 Various Comfort Criteria ........... 3-27 4-19 Cargo Tractor. M8E2. Towing 75mm
...................
Gun. T83-1951 4-26
. .
4-20 Heavy Recovery Vehicle. M51-1953 4-27
Chapter 4 4-21 Light Tractor. T37-1943 ........... 4-28
4-1 Light Tank. T92. 76mm Gun-1950 ... 4-6 4-22 Utility Truck. %.Ton. 4x4. M151-
..............................
4-2 Light Tank. M41A1. 76mm Gun-1958 4-7 1954 4-29
4-3 Medium Tank. M48A2. 90mm Gun- 4-23 Cargo Truck. %.Ton. 4x4. M37-
1958 ............................. 4-7 1950 ............................. 4-30
4-4 Main Battle Tank. M60. 105mm Gun 4-24 Light Cargo Carrier. M29 (Amphib-
-1959 ........................... 4-8 ious Model) -1943 ................. 4-32
4-5 Heavy Tank. M103A1. 120mm Gun- 4-25 Landing Vehicle. Tracked. Mark I11
1958 ............................. 4-9 -1945 ........................... 4-33
4-6 Twin 40mm Self-Propelled Gun. 4-26 Amphibious Cargo Carrier. T46 (M76.
..................... ......................
M42A1-1951 4-11 Otter)- 1949 4-34
4-7 90mm Self-Propelled Gun. M56 4-27 Amphibious Truck. (DUKW) 2-1/2-
(SPAT)-1959 .................... 4-12 Ton. 6 x 6-1954 ................... 4-35
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS (cont'd)
Figure No. Page Figure No. Paw
4-28 Amphibious Truck, (Superduck) 4- Spaced-Link Track (Ground Hog)-
Ton, 6 x 6, XM147E3-1958 . . . . . . . . . 4-36 1949 ............................. 4-58
4-29 High-speed Amphibious Cargo Truck, 4-49 Cargo Truck, High Mobility, 15-Ton,
5-Ton, 4 x PI959 (Wheels Retracted) 4-37 4x4, XM437 (Goer)-1959 . . . . . . . . . 4-59
4-30 High-speed Amphibious Cargo Truck, 4-50 Tank Truck, High Mobility, 15-Ton,
5-Ton, 4 x 4--1959 (Wheels Lowered). 4-38 4x4, XM438 (Goer)-1959 . . . . . . . . . 4-60
4-31 The Flying Duck-Amphibious Cargo 4-51 Ground-Eff ect Vehicle, Pegasus I-
Truck, 2-%-Ton, 6 x 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-40 1959 ............................. 4-61
4-32 Cargo Truck, 5-Ton, 6 x 6, M55-1956. 4-41
4-33 Cargo Truck, 2-%-Ton, 8x8, XM410
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chapter 5
-1959 4-42
Truck Tractor, 8-Ton, 6x6, T28E2- 5-1 Force System Acting on a Vehicle at
1948 ............................. 4-43 Rest on Level Ground . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2
5-2 Frame Loads on Four-Point Suspended
Truck Tractor, 8-Ton 8x8 , T20-1945 4-44
Cargo Tractor, 20-Ton, Full-Tracked, Vehicle . . . . . . . .. . . .... .. . . . .. . . . . . 5-3
M85-1954 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-45 5-3 Cargo Weight Force Resultants . . . . . . 5-5
High-Speed Tractor, T122 . . . . . . . . . . 4-46 5-4 Static Forces Acting on Vehicle. . . . . . 5-6
Force System Acting on an Automo-
High-speed Tractor, T122, Compared 5-5
tive Assembly as Suspended During
with 2-y2-Ton, 6x6 Truck, M135, and
&Ton, 6x6 Truck, M54 . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-47 Hoisting .......................... 5-8
5-6 Force Systems Acting on Vehicle (a)
Left to Right, Missile Equipment Car-
rier, XM474, High-Speed Tractor, On side, (b) Upended, (c) Overturned 5-9
T122, Personnel Carrier, MI13 . . . . . . 4-48 5-7 Deformation of an Elastic (Pneuma-
. . . . . .
Heavy Artillery Transporter, T10- tic) Tire on a Rigid Pavement 5-14
1953 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-50 5-8 Coefficients f, and f, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-16
Tank Transporter, 40-Ton, M15, 5-9 Coefficient of Rolling Resistance as a
Loaded with Heavy Tank, T26E1- Function of Speed and Inflation Pres-
1944 ............................. 4-51 sure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .. 5-17
Heavy Transporter, T8-1946.. . . . . . 4-52 5-10 Force System Acting on an Automotive
Cargo Trailer, 1-72-Ton, 2-Wheeled, Vehicle Braking on a Downgrade . . . . 5-23
XM105E1-1952 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-53 5-11 Stability of Buoyant Objects . . . . . . . . 5-25
Truck, Wrecker, 2-%-Ton, 6x6 , M60 5-12 Force System Acting on an Amphib-
-1952 . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-54 ious Vehicle During r~aunching or
Antitank Mine Exploder, TlE3- 1944 4-55 Landing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-27
Swamp Skipper, Model 5-1948 . . . . . 4-56 5-13 Change in Location of Center of Grav-
Rolligon-Equipped Cargo Carrier- ity of Vehicle Component Forces When
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .
1954 4-57 (a) Elevating Main Armament, (b)
Lightweight Cargo Carrier with Rotating Turret . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-28
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS (cont'd)
Figure No. Page -e No. P w ~
5-14 Force System Resulting from the Use Idealized Performance Characteristics
of Equipment Mounted on Vehicle ... 5-29 of a Typical Reciprocating Automotive
............
5-15 Distance of Travel of Bodies with Var- Engine at Full-Throttle 7-9
ious Drag Loadings, Launched at 130 Typical Fuel Consumption Curve for
Knots ............................ 5-35 a Constant-Speed Reciprocating En-
..............................
5-16 Distance of Travel of Bodies with Var- gine 7-10
ious Drag Loadings, Launched at 175 Maximum-Economy Operating Condi-
Knots ............................ 5-36 tions Indicated by Envelope of Con-
-5-17 Distance of Travel of Bodies with Var- stant-Speed Fuel Consumption Curves 7-10
ious Drag Loadings, Launched at 260 Three-Dimensional Plot of Specific
K11ots ............................ 5-37 Fuel Consumption-Brake Horsepower-
.........
5-18 Distance of Travel of Bodies with Var- Engine Speed Relationship 7-11
ious Drag Loadings, Launched at 350 Characteristic Variation of Horsepow-
Knots ............................ 5-38 er and Thermal Efficiency with Air-
........................
1 Distance of Travel of Bodies with Var- Fuel Ratio 7-12
ious Drag Loadings, Launched at 435 Performance Characteristics for Basic
Knots ............................ 5-39 Power Plants ..................... 7-15
5-20 Parachute-Opening Process ......... 5-41 Typical Cylinder Arrangements for
5-21 Opening Shock Decreasing Factor z Reciprocating Engines ............. 7-16
versus Factor A ................... 5-43 Sequence of Operations in the Rotary-
.
Piston Internal Combustion Engine. 7-18
............
Engine, Le Roi, TH-844 7-23
Chapter 6
..............
Ford Engine, XM151 7-24
6-1 Percent of Vehicle Operating Life ......
Engine, Reo, Model 0 ~ ~ ~ 1 7 0 7-25
Spent at Different Speeds .......... 6-2
Engine, Military, Air-Cooled, AOI-
6-2 Current Development Engine Full- ..........................
1195-5X 7-26
and Part-Throttle Power and Brake ..
American Motors AV-108-3 Engine. 7-27
Specific Fuel Consumption ......... 6-5 .
Engine, Continental, AVSI-1790-6. 7-28
Engine, Military, Air-Cooled, AOI-
Chapter 7 895-4A ........................... 7-29
7-1 Carnot Cycle for a Gas ............ 7-4 Engine, Military, Air-Cooled, Diesel,
7-2 Air-Standard Otto Cycle ............ 7-4 AVDS-1790-2 ..................... 7-30
7-3 Variation of Thermal Efficiency with Schematic Diagram of Regenerative
Compression Ratio for the Otto Cycle. 7-5 Open-Cycle Turbine ................ 7-32
7-4 Air-Standard Diesel Cycle .......... 7-5 Component Arrangement for a Typical
..........
7-5 Air-Standard Dual Cycle 7-6 Multi-Shaft Nonregenerative Gas Tur-
7-6 Air-Standard Brayton Cycle ........ 7-6 bine .............................. 7-33
........
7-7 Air-Standard Stirling Cycle 7-7 Power Variations versus Ambient Tem-
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS (cont'd)
Figure No. Page Figure No. w e
perature for Typical Gasoline En- 8-13 Schematic-Internal Epicyclic Gear
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
gines and Multiple-Shaft Gas Tur- Train 8-14
bines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-34 8-14 Synchromesh Transmission . . . . . . . . . 8-15
7-27 Schematic Diagram of Regenerative 8-15 Single-Phase, Single-Stage Torque
Closed-Cycle Turbine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-35 Converter . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-16
7-28 Schematic of Free-Piston Gasifier Tur- 8-16 Two-Phase, Single-Stage Torque Con-
bine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-35 verter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . 8-16
7-29 Terminal Speed Determination for Au- 8-17 Polyphase, Single-Stage Torque Con-
tomotive Vehicles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-52 verter . .. . . .. . . .. ... . ... ..... . . . .. 8-17
7-30 Low-Range Power Losses . . . . . . . . . . . 7-58 8-18 Single-Phase, Three-Stage Torque
7-31 High-Range Power Losses . . . . . . . . . . 7-58 Converter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-17
7-32 Environmental Limits for Automotive 8-19 Torque Converter Performance Char-
Engines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-61 acteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-18
8-20 Performance Characteristics of a Mul-
tistage, Single-Phase Torque Convert-
Chapter 8 er ................................ 8-18
Typical Power Train for a Four-Wheel 8-21 Efficiency Characteristics of a Direct
Drive Vehicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-2 Drive Torque Converter . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-19
Plate Clutch-Cross Section View . . . 8-4 8-22 Performance Characteristics of a Mul-
Elements of a Friction Clutch. . . . . . . 8-5 tistage, Two-Phase Torque Converter. 8-20
Force Diagram, Cone Clutch.. . . . . . . 8-6 8-23 Hydrostatic Drive System . . . . . . . . . . 8-21
Schematic Representation of Fluid 8-24 Merritt-Brown Cross-Drive Transmis-
Coupling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-8 sion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-22
. .
Fluid Coupling, Path of Working 8-25 Cross-Drive Transmission, CD-500. 8-23
Fluid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-8 8-26 Transmission, XT-500 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-24
Velocity of Fluid Particles in a Fluid 8-27 Transfer Case Assembly, Cross Sec-
Coupling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-8 tion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-26
Torque Absorbed and Efficiency as 8-28 Transfer Case, Power Train Diagrams. 8-27
Functions of Fluid Coupling Speed 8-29 Schematic Diagram of a Hooke's Joint 8-29
Ratio ............................. 8-9 8-30 Double Hooke's Joint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-29
Power-Torque Relationship for Ideal 8-31 Efficiencies of Double Universal Joints 8-30
Vehicle Power Plant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-10 8-32 Rzeppa Constant Velocity Universal
Typical Engine Performance Curves Joint-Cross Sectional View . . . . . . . . 8-30
for Spark-Ignition Engine-Full- 8-33 Bendix-Weiss Constant Velocity Uni-
Throttle . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-10 versal Joint-Assembled View. . . . . . . 8-31
Performance Diagram-Limited Fixed 8-34 Tracta Constant Velocity Universal
Ratio Transmission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-12 Joint-Assembled View. . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-31
Schematic-Epicyclic Gear Train. . . . 8-14 8-35 Conventional Differential . . . . . . . . . . . 8-33
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS (cont'd)
Figure No. Page Figure No. Page
8-36 Controlled Differential-Schematic 8-62 Schematic Drawing of Vacuum-Hy-
View ............................. 8-34 draulic Actuation System .......... 8-53
8-37 Comparison of High Traction Differ- 8-63 Schematic of Typical Electric Brake
...........................
ential Gears with Conventional Differ- System 8-54
.......................
ential Gears 8-35
Chapter 9
8-38 No-spin Differential-Disassembled
View ............................. 8-36 9-1 Truck-Type Frame ................ 9-1
......
8-39 Silent Type No-Spin Differential- 9-2 X-Cross Member-Type Frame 9-3
................
Disassembled View 8-36
Chapter 10
8-40 No-Spin Overrunning Clutch-Par-
.................
........... 10-1 Typieal Tank Hull 10-2
tially Disassembled View 8-37
............
....... 10-2 Illustration of Obliquity 10-3
8-41 No-Spin Overrunning Clutch 8-38
................. 10-3 Characteristic Patterns of Bullet
8-42 Final Drive Gears 8-39
.........
...................... Splash on Various Surfaces 104
8-43 Chain Drive 8-40
...............
8-44 Semifloating Rear Axle ............ 8-40 10-4 Typical Splash Trap 10-5
8-45 Three-Quarter Floating Rear Axle ... 8-41 10-5 Thermal Requirements for Tolerance
.......................
........... and Comfort 10-7
8-46 Full Floating Rear Axle 8-41
...............
8-47 Dual-Ratio Rear Axle 8-42
Chapter 11
8-48 Dual Rear Axle Drive with Independ- .
11-1 Types of Live Rear Axle Suspensions 11-4
................
ent Propeller Shafts 8-43
11-2 Bogie Suspension for Wheeled Vehicle 11-5
............
8-49 Tandem Dual-Rear Axle 8-44 . .
11-3 Front Axle Coil Spring Suspension 11-7
.......
8-50 Front Driving Axle Assembly 8-44
11-4 Driven Parallel Wishbone Coil Spring
...................
8-51 Hotchkiss Drive 8-45 ..................
Front Suspension 11-8
...........
8-52 Grade Effect on a Vehicle 8-46
11-5 Driven parallel Wishbone Torsion Bar
8-53 Internal-Expanding Automotive Brake 8-47 .......................
Suspension 11-8
8-54 Nonself-Energizing Disk Brake ...... 8-48 11-6 Swinging Arm Independent Rear Sus
8-55 Nonself-Energizing Disk Brake ...... 8-48 pension ........................... 11-19
8-56 Self-Energizing Disk Brake ......... 8-49 11-7 Bogie Suspensions ................. 11-15
.........
8-57 Disk Brake-Sectional View 8-49 11-8 Bogie-Suspended Track Negotiating
8-58 Elements of a Hydraulic Actuation Obstacle .......................... 11-15
.............
System, Manual Brakes 8-50 11-9 Schematic Drawing of Vertical Volute
8-59 Elements of a Power-Boosted Braking Spring Bogie ...................... 11-16
...........................
System 8-51 11-10 Schematic Drawing of Horizontal Vol-
8-60 Block Diagram of a Power Operated ute Spring Bogie ................... 11-16
............
Brake Actuation System 8-52 11-11 Independent Trailing Arm Suspen-
.............................
8-61 Elements of Power Operated Brake sions 11-17
................. ............
Actuation System 8-52 11-12 Torsion Bar Suspension 11-19
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS (cont'd)
Figure No . Page Figure No. Paw
...
11-13 Typical Mechanical Shock Absorber 11-30 12-6 Variation of Worm-and-Sector Steer-
..........................
11-14 Characteristic Curve of Simple Me- ing Gear 12-5
chanical Shock Absorber ............ 11-31 12-7 Worm-and-Roller Steering Gear ..... 12-5
.......
11-15 Characteristic Curves of Hydraulic 12-8 Cam-and-Lever Steering Gear 12-6
..................
Shock Absorbers 11-32 12-9 Worm-and-Nut Steering Gear (Recir-
................
11-16 Single-Acting Cam-Operated Piston culating Ball-Type) 12-7
.................... ....
Shock Absorber 11-33 12-10 Camber and Kingpin Inclination 12-9
............................
11-17 Double-Acting Cam-Operated Piston 12-11 Toe-in 12-10
Shock Absorber (Opposed-Cylinder 12-12 Caster (Shown Positive) ........... 12-11
............................
Type) 11-34 12-13 Steering Geometry for a Beam Front
11-18 Double-Acting Vane-Type Shock Ab- Axle ............................. 12-12
............................
sorber 11-34 12-14 Effect of Steering Geometry Errors on
11-19 Direct-Acting Shock Absorber ....... 11-35 Motion of the Front Wheels ......... 12-13
11-20 Types of Rims ..................... 11-37 12-15 Steering Link Geometry ............ 12-13
.................
11-21 Divided-Type Rim 11-38 12-16 Plan View Showing Steering Arm
11-22 Pneumatic Tire, Cross Sectional View . 11-38 Above Wheel Centers .............. 12-14
......
11-23 Tire Installation with Beadlock 11-39 12-17 Tire Characteristics During Corner-
........
11-24 Typical Military Tire Treads 11-40 ing ............................... 12-15
11-25 Double-Pin Track Shoe Assembly
12-18 Cornering Force as a Function of Dis-
......................
(T96 Track) 11-46 .........
tance Along Contact Patch 12-16
11-26 Single-Pin Track Shoe Assembly 12-19 Side Thrust vs Load, 6.00 x 16 Tires
.........................
(T91E3) 11-47 .......................
at 29 lb/in2 12-17
................
11-27 Rubber Band Track 11-49
12-20 Roll Steer Effects in Live Rear Axle
.....
11-28 Assembly of Band Track Section 11-51
Resulting from Spring Deflections
11-29 Soil Shear Produced by Conventional ........
(Asymmetrical Spring Eyes) 12-19
............
and Spaced-Link Tracks 11-51
12-21 Roll Centers and Restoring Moments
for Front Suspensions and Antiroll
.............................
Chapter 12 Bars 12-20
12-22 Roll Centers and Restoring Moments
12-1 Basic Methods of Steering Wheeled
Vehicles .......................... 12-2 for Rear Suspension Systems ........ 12-21
12-2 Ackermann Steering Relations ...... 12-3 12-23 Roll Axis Location ................. 12-23
12-3 Geometric Relation Between Steering 12-24 Aerodynamic Forces Acting on an Au-
Angles of Front Wheels ............ 12-3 tomotive Vehicle ................... 12-25
12-4 Steering Linkage with Intermediate 12-25 Effect of Adding Fin on Center of
..................... .................
Knuckle Arm 12-4 Pressure Location 12-26
12-5 Simple Worm-and-Sector Steering 12-26 Slip Angle Relations in the Yawing
Gear ............................. 12-4 Vehicle ........................... 12-27
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS (cont'd)
Figure No. Page Figure No . Page
............
12-27 Wind Forces Acting on a Vehicle Dur- 12-50 Independent Propulsion 12-50
ing a Steady-State Turning Motion . . 12-28 12-51 Dynamics of Tank During a Sustained
12-28 Fifth-Wheel Steering Relations ...... 12-29 Turn ............................. 12-51
12-29 Turning-Radius Diagram of a Multi- 12-52 Graph of fi vs C/L ................. 12-54
...................
wheeled Vehicle 12-30 12-53 Scale Model of Articulated Spaced-
12-30 Turning-Radius Diagram of an Eight- Link Tracked Vehicle .............. 12-55
...................
Wheeled Vehicle 12-30
12-31 Turning-Radius Diagram for Tractor
and Trailer Steering ............... 12-31 Chapter 14
12-32 Typical Pneumatic Steering System . . 12-32
14-1 Tank Heating and Ventilating Sys-
12-33 Location of a Hydraulic Power-Steer- ten1 (Plan View) .................. 14-3
..........................
ing Unit 12-33
14-2 Tank Heating and Ventilating Sys-
12-34 Schematic View of a Hydraulic Pow- ..............
tern (Elevation View) 14-4
.................
er-Steering System 12-34
14-8 Heating Systeni for Crankcase and
12-35 Energy Wasted of Types A. B and Batteries ......................... 14-4
C Steering Systems as Frontal Re-
14-4 Refrigeration Absorption by Air as a
sistance Varies ....................1 2-37
Function of Mass Flow Rate. Temper-
12-36 Controlled Differential ............. 12-38
....... ature Drop. and Relative Humidity ... 14-5
12-37 Merritt's Geared Differential 12-38
12-38 Back-Geared Differential ........... 12-39 14-5 Right Front View of 90mm Gun Tank.
................ T48. Prepared for Deep-Water Ford-
12-39 Braked Differential 12-40
12-40 Double Differential Systems ........ 12-41 ing ............................... 14-7
12-41 Triple Differential-Split Torque Pro- 14-6 Right Rear View of 90mm Gun Tank.
pulsion ........................... 12-42 T48. Prepared for Deep-Water Ford-
12-42 Triple Differential-Regenerative ing ............................... 14-8
Torque Propulsion .................1 2-43 14-7 Component Parts of a Typical Deep-
12-43 Double Differential ................1 2-44 Water Fording Kit for Tanks ....... 14-9
12-44 Geared Steering ...................1 2-45 14-8 Gunshield Cover Assembly ......... 14-10
12-45 Merritt 's Geared Steering ..........1 2-46 14-9 Floatation Deviee for Tracked Vehicle 14-11
...............
12-46 Clutch-Brake System 1246 14-1 0 Typical Contaminated-Air Heating Tn-
12-47 Gates Steering System ............. 12-47 stallation .........................1 4-13
.
12-48 Geared Steering with Multiple Ratios 12-48 14-11 Auxiliary Transmission Power Take-
12-49 Geared St.e ering with Inverse Opera- off and Winch Assembly ............ 14-13
tion .............................. 12-49 14-12 Dump Body in Raised Position ...... 14-16
LIST OF TABLES
Table hro. Page Table No. P w ~
Chapter 3 4-13 Representative Semitrailers Used as
Size and Weight Restrictions by States Transporters . . . . . . . . . . . .. . ... . . .. . 449
on Truck Tractor-Semitrailer Combina-
tions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7 Chapter 5
Limiting Dimensions and Weights of 5-1 Representative Values of Coefficients
Tracked Vehicles for Movement on of Friction for R,ubber Tires on Var-
Highways and Bridges. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-8 ious Pavements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-11
Maximum Design Temperatures for 5-2 Typical Aerodynamic Drag Coefficients
Use at Elevations above 3,000 Feet. . . 3-20 for Representative Vehicles . . . . . . . . . . 5-18
Lubricating Oils, Hydraulic Fluids, 3-3 Average Values of Mass Factor y. . . . 5-20
and Creases Used in Ordnance Auto- 3-4 K Values for Typical Parachute Can-
motive Equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-21 opies ............................. 5-42
Test Requirements for Tracked Vehic-
les . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-24
Chapter 7
Test Requirements for Wheeled Trans- . . . . . . . .
port-Type Vehicles.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-25 7-1 Relative Emphasis in Design 7-2
Shock and Vibration Data.. . . . . . . . . 3-28 7-2 tNioonr mEanlg iRnaen Cgeh aroaf ctIenritsetricnsa l . .C .o .m . .b .u .s .- 7-21
7-3 Representative Standard Military Ve-
Chapter 4 hicle Engines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . 7-31
Characteristics of Light Tanks. . . . . . 4-2 7-4 Performance of Typical Cells.. . . . . . 7-40
Characteristics of Medium Tanks. . . . . 4-4 7-5 Standard Carburetors for Military
Characteristics of Heavy Tanks. . . . . . 4-5 Engines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-42
Characteristics of Self-Propelled Ar- 7-6 Standard Air-Cleaners for Military
tillery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-10 Vehicle Engines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-44
Characteristics of Representative Re- 7-7 Standard 24 Volt, DC Starter Assem-
connaissilnce Vehicles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-17 blies . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-48
Characteristics of Typical Track-Lay- 7 -8 Standard Magneto Assemblies. . . . . . . 7-48
ing Personnel and Cargo Carriers. . . . 4-25 7-9 Standard 24 Volt, DC Generator As-
Characteristics of Typical Recovery semblies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-49
Vehicles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-26 7-10 Power-Gross Vehicle Weight Ratios
Partial List of Representative Air- for Representative Vehicles . . . . . . . . . . 7-52
borne Vehicles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-31 7-11 Typical Mean Piston Speeds of Amer-
Representative Transport Vehicles. . . 4-36 ican Engines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-53
Representative Prime Movers. . . . . . . . 4-38 7-12 Vehicle Performance Equations. . . . . . 7-56
Reprt~seiltativeT ruck Tractors. . . . . . . 4-39 7-13 Summary of Vehicle Transmission
Representative Tractors (Track-Lay- System Efficiencies During Full-Throt-
ing) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-42 tle Operation over Prepared Roads. . . 7-57