engineering aptitude

20 Pages·2017·0.65 MB·English

ENGINEERING APTITUDE
(QUANTATIVE APTITUDE AND ANALYTICAL ABILITY)
(For ESE & GATE Exam)
(CE, ME, PI, CH, EC, EE, IN, CS, IT)
Salient Features :
• 171 topics under 25 chapters in 5 units
• 531 theoretical examples for comprehensive understanding
• 388 chapterwise solved examples for practice
• 633 Questions segregated chapterwise from last 38 years of UPSC/GATE/ESE
Exams with detailed solutions
Office : F-126, (Lower Basement), Katwaria Sarai, New Delhi-110016 Phone : [phone]
Mobile : [phone] E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]
Web : iesmasterpublications.com, iesmaster.org
IES MASTER PUBLICATION
F-126, (Lower Basement), Katwaria Sarai, New Delhi-110016
Phone : [phone], Mobile : [phone]
E-mail : [email protected], [email protected]
Web : iesmasterpublications.com, iesmaster.org
All rights reserved.
Copyright © 2018, by IES MASTER Publications. No part of this booklet may
be reproduced, or distributed in any form or by any means, electronic,
mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise or stored in a database or
retrieval system without the prior permission of IES MASTER, New Delhi. Violates
are liable to be legally prosecuted.
First Edition : 2018
Typeset at : IES Master Publication, New Delhi-110016
PREFACE
Union Public Services Commission (UPSC) in its quest for best engineering minds looks for the very basic pride
of an engineer, which it tests through your quantitative and analytical abilities. The profession itself calls for putting
you in situations, both human and technical, where things are tied into hundred knots. As an engineer you are
expected to think critically, detect systematic themes while analysing data, and achieve thoroughness with accuracy
in deriving solutions under challenging circumstances.
To test these qualities in an ESE aspirant, in the year 2016, UPSC introduced Engineering Aptitude as a part of
the syllabus for common paper of ESE in 2016. With an objective to develop these abilities, IES Master has come
up with this Engineering Aptitude book that brings you face-to-face with thousands of problems under various sub-
heads such as probability, polynomials, speed-time, work-time, clock and calendar, as well as geometry and
measurements that you might encounter as a professional. Covering 171 topics under 25 chapters in 5 units, this
book is an effort by IES Master to expose you to the complete theory of ESE syllabus along with previous years
questions from UPSC (last 38 years), GATE (last 9 years), and ESE (last 2 years).
As you flip through the pages of this book, it captures your imagination with subtleness, and exposes you to more
than 1,200 problems, enough to give your pen the required strength to take on any competitive exams including
ESE, GATE and PSUs.
Under the expert guidance of Mr Kanchan Kumar Thakur (Ex-IES), Mr Puneet Sharma, who has more than 14
years of teaching, has tamed the tornado that will blow you away, with its concept clarity and conciseness. Having
gone through it, we hope that as your fingers follow your command, the brain will engineer solutions no matter how
difficult the challenge is.
IES Master Publication
New Delhi

CONTENTS
UNIT 1 : QUANTITATIVE REASONING
1.1 Number System ..................................................................................................01–40
(i) Number Line .....................................................................................................01
(ii) Definition of Various Types of Numbers..........................................................01
(iii) Various forms of Number Tree.........................................................................02
(iv) Concept of Prime and Composite Numbers....................................................04
(v) Factorization......................................................................................................06
(vi) Factorial ............................................................................................................06
(vii) Factorization of Factorial..................................................................................07
(viii) Last Digit Problems ..........................................................................................09
(ix) Number of Zeros at the End of any Product ..................................................10
(x) Divisibility Rules................................................................................................ 11
(xi) Relations between Dividend, Divisor and Quotient.........................................13
(xii) Successive Division..........................................................................................14
(xiii) Remainder Theorem.........................................................................................15
(xiv) LCM and HCF...................................................................................................18
(xv) Indices or Powers.............................................................................................24
(xvi) Surds.................................................................................................................25
(xvii) Simplification .....................................................................................................28
Solved Examples........................................................................................................31
Previous Years Questions UPSC/GATE/ESE............................................................34
1.2 Ratio and Proportion.........................................................................................41–54
(i) Ratio..................................................................................................................41
(ii) Proportion..........................................................................................................43
(iii) Partnership........................................................................................................46
Solved Examples........................................................................................................47
Previous Years Questions UPSC/GATE/ESE............................................................48
VI | ENGINEERING APTITUDE GS AND ENGINEERING APTITUDE
1.3 Percentage...........................................................................................................55–68
(i) Percentage ........................................................................................................55
(ii) Concept of Multiplying Factors ........................................................................56
(iii) Successive Percentage Change ......................................................................57
Solved Examples........................................................................................................60
Previous Years Questions UPSC/GATE/ESE............................................................61
1.4 Profit and Loss...................................................................................................69–82
(i) Profit or Gain ....................................................................................................69
(ii) Loss...................................................................................................................69
(iii) Concept of Multiplying Factor Related to Profit and Loss .............................69
(iv) Discount ............................................................................................................73
(v) Three Special Cases of Profit and Loss .........................................................74
Solved Examples........................................................................................................76
Previous Years Questions UPSC/GATE/ESE............................................................79
1.5 Simple Interest and Compound Interest .........................................................83–90
(i) Simple Interest..................................................................................................83
(ii) Compound Interest ...........................................................................................83
(iii) Difference between CI and SI for First Two Years.........................................85
Solved Examples........................................................................................................87
Previous Years Questions UPSC/GATE/ESE............................................................89
1.6 Average and Alligation .................................................................................... 91–116
(i) Average .............................................................................................................91
(ii) Problems based on Ages .................................................................................93
(iii) Weighted Average ............................................................................................95
(iv) Alligation............................................................................................................96
(v) Problems based on Mixture of Two Liquids..................................................101
(vi) Addition of Pure Solution in a Mixture ..........................................................102
(vii) Removal and Replacement ............................................................................103
Solved Examples......................................................................................................107
Previous Years Questions UPSC/GATE/ESE...........................................................111
GS AND ENGINEERING APTITUDE CONTENTS | VII
1.7 Time and Work ............................................................................................... 117–134
(i) Concept of Variation....................................................................................... 117
(ii) Work-Time....................................................................................................... 119
(iii) Men Days........................................................................................................ 119
(iv) Types of Questions.........................................................................................120
Solved Examples......................................................................................................125
Previous Years Questions UPSC/GATE/ESE..........................................................129
1.8 Speed, Distance and Time............................................................................135–162
(i) Speed ..............................................................................................................135
(ii) Analysis of Speed, Distance and Time Relationship ....................................136
(iii) Average Speed ...............................................................................................138
(iv) Relative Speed................................................................................................140
(v) Boats and Streams .........................................................................................141
(vi) Linear and Circular Races .............................................................................142
Solved Examples......................................................................................................147
Previous Years Questions UPSC/GATE/ESE..........................................................152
1.9 Geometry and Mensuration...........................................................................163–218
(i) Basic Concepts...............................................................................................163
(ii) Polygon ...........................................................................................................167
(iii) Triangle ...........................................................................................................170
(iv) Triangle Classification ....................................................................................171
(v) Similar Triangles .............................................................................................177
(vi) Quadrilaterals..................................................................................................182
(vii) Perimeter and Areas of Quadrilaterals ..........................................................184
(viii) Hexagon ..........................................................................................................186
(ix) Circle ...............................................................................................................186
(x) Properties of Circle.........................................................................................187
(xi) Mensuration.....................................................................................................193
Solved Examples......................................................................................................198
Previous Years Questions UPSC/GATE/ESE..........................................................206
VIII | ENGINEERING APTITUDE GS AND ENGINEERING APTITUDE
UNIT 2 : ANALYTICAL REASONING
2.1 Ranking Test...................................................................................................219–224
(i) Introduction......................................................................................................219
Solved Examples......................................................................................................221
Previous Years Questions UPSC/GATE/ESE..........................................................223
2.2 Dices and Cubes............................................................................................225–242
(i) Cubes..............................................................................................................225
(ii) Types of Problems..........................................................................................225
(iii) Type 1 : Counting of Cubes ..........................................................................225
(iv) Type 2 : Concept of Dice/Cube with Numbers .............................................226
(v) Type 3 : (Unfolded Cube/Dice)......................................................................228
(vi) Type 4 : (Maximum Number of Pieces with ‘x’ Cuts) ...................................229
(vii) Type 5 : (Minimum Number of Cuts with ‘n’ Pieces)....................................230
(viii) Type 6 : (Colouring of Cubes).......................................................................231
Solved Examples......................................................................................................235
Previous Years Questions UPSC/GATE/ESE..........................................................239
2.3 Direction Sense ..............................................................................................243–262
(i) Introduction......................................................................................................243
(ii) Reference Compass .......................................................................................243
(iii) Problem Solving Technique............................................................................243
(iv) Types of Problems..........................................................................................244
(v) Type I : Shortest Distance Based Questions................................................244
(vi) Type II : Direction Based Questions .............................................................247
(vii) Type III : Shadow Based Questions..............................................................248
(viii) Type IV : Clocks Based Questions................................................................249
(ix) Type V : Faulty Compass Based Questions .................................................250
(x) Type VI : Rotation Based Questions.............................................................250
Solved Examples......................................................................................................254
Previous Years Questions UPSC/GATE/ESE..........................................................258
GS AND ENGINEERING APTITUDE CONTENTS | IX
2.4 Blood Relationship.........................................................................................263–276
(i) Introduction......................................................................................................263
(ii) Symbols Used in Family Diagram .................................................................263
(iii) Types of Questions.........................................................................................264
(iv) Blood Relation Based on Conversation.........................................................264
(v) Blood Relation Based on Puzzle...................................................................267
(vi) Coded Blood Relationship..............................................................................268
Solved Examples......................................................................................................271
Previous Years Questions UPSC/GATE/ESE..........................................................274
2.5 Seating Arrangement .....................................................................................277–294
(i) Introduction......................................................................................................277
(ii) Linear Seating Arrangements.........................................................................277
(iii) Circular Arrangement......................................................................................281
(iv) Two Row Sitting Arrangements ......................................................................283
(v) Complex Arrangements...................................................................................285
Solved Examples......................................................................................................287
Previous Years Questions UPSC/GATE/ESE..........................................................292
2.6 Coding Decoding............................................................................................295–304
(i) Introduction......................................................................................................295
(ii) Type I : Change in Relative Position of Letters ...........................................295
(iii) Type II : Shifting of Letters to Form New Word...........................................295
(iv) Type III : Coding Letter to Numbers..............................................................297
(v) Type IV : Substitution Based Coding ............................................................298
(vi) Type V : Mixed Number Coding ....................................................................298
(vii) Type VI : Mixed Letter Coding.......................................................................299
(ix) Type VII : Direct Letter Coding......................................................................300
(x) Type VIII : Mixed Type Coding ......................................................................300
Solved Examples......................................................................................................302
Previous Years Questions UPSC/GATE/ESE..........................................................304
2.7 Puzzles.............................................................................................................305–328
(i) Introduction......................................................................................................305
Solved Examples...................................................................................................... 311
Previous Years Questions UPSC/GATE/ESE..........................................................314