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Engineering and Scientific Computations Using MATLAB@ Sergey E. Lyshevski Rochester Institute of Technology @KE:icIENCE A JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC., PUBLICATION This Page Intentionally Left Blank Engineering and Scientific Computations Using MATLAB@ This Page Intentionally Left Blank Engineering and Scientific Computations Using MATLAB@ Sergey E. Lyshevski Rochester Institute of Technology @KE:icIENCE A JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC., PUBLICATION Copyright 0 2003 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey. Published simultaneously in Canada. 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Wiley also publishes its hooks in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print, however, may not be available in electronic format. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is availablr. lSBN 0-47 1-46200-4 Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 4 3 2 5 CONTENTS Preface vii About the Author X 1. MATLABB asics 1 1.1. Introduction 1 1.2. MATLABSt art 5 1.3. MATLAHB elp and Demo 9 References 26 2. MATLAFBu nctions, Operators, and Commands 27 2.1. Mathematical Functions 27 2.2. MATLACBh aracters and Operators 31 2.3. MATLABC ommands 32 References 41 3. MATLABan d Problem Solving 42 3.1. Starting MATLAB 42 3.2. Basic Arithmetic 42 3.3. How to Use Some Basic MATLABFe atures 49 3.3.1. Scalars and Basic Operations with Scalars 50 3.3.2. Arrays, Vectors, and Basic Operations 51 3.4. Matrices and Basic Operations with Matrices 53 3.5. Conditions and Loops 13 3.6. Illustrative Examples 80 References 98 4. MATLAGB raphics 99 4.1. Plotting 99 4.2. Two- and Three-Dimensional Graphics 113 4.3. Illustrative Examples 125 References 132 5. MATLAAB pplications: Numerical Simulations of Differential Equations and Introduction to Dynamic Systems 133 5.1. Solution of Differential Equations and Dynamic Systems Fundamentals 133 5.2. Mathematical Model Developments and MATLAB Amlications 141 V vi Contents 5.3. Modeling and Computing Using MATLAB 152 References 171 6. SIMULINK 172 6.1. Introduction to SIMULINK 172 6.2. Engineering and Scientific Computations Using SIMULINK with Examples 185 References 206 APPENDIX. MATLAFBu nctions, Operators, Characters, Commands, and Solvers 207 References 225 Index 226 PREFACE I would like to welcome the reader to this MATLABb@o ok, which is the companion to the high-performance MATLABen vironment and outstanding Mathworks users manuals. I sincerely feel that I have written a very practical problem-solving type of book that provides a synergetic, informa- tive, and entertaining learning experience. Having used MATLABfo r almost 20 years, I have been challenged to write a coherent book that assist readers in discovering MATLAfBro m its power and ef- ficiency to its advantages and superiority. Many books and outstanding MATLABre ference manuals are available. The Mathworks user manuals provide an excellent collection of the MATLAfBe atures for professional users [ 11, while textbooks [2 - 91 have been used to introduce the MATLAeBn vironment for students. Having used the referenced manuals and books with different levels of user and student satisfaction, accomplishment, and success, the critical need to write a focused (companion) book became evident. This is the reason that 1 have embarked upon project. This book, in addition to being an excellent companion and self-study textbook, can be used in science and engineering courses in MATLAaBs well as a complementary book. In addition to cov- ering MATLABth, e author has strived to build and develop engineering and scientific competence, presenting the material visually, numerically, and analytically. Visualization, numerical and analytical delivery features, fully supported by the MATLAeBn vironment, are documented and emphasized in this book. Real-world examples and problems introduce, motivate, and illustrate the application of MATLAB. MATLABb ooks and user manuals have been written, published, and distributed. Unfortunate- ly, the MATLABe nvironment is usually introduced in the introductory freshman (or sophomore) course with very limited time allocated to cover MATLAdBu ring the allocated modules. This does not allow the instructors to comprehensively cover MATLABan, d inclusive books which cover the material in details and depth cannot be effectively used. Furthermore, there are many engineers and scien- tists who did not have the chance to study MATLABa t colleges, but would like to master it in the every-day practice MATLAeBn vironment. Therefore, this book covers introductory example-oriented problems. This book is written with the ultimate goal of offering a far-reaching, high-quality, stand- alone and companion-type user-friendly educational textbook which can be efficiently used in introductory MATLABco urses in undergraduate/graduatec ourses or course modules, and as a self-study or supplementary book. There are increasing demands for further development in high-performance computing envi- ronments, and hundreds of high-level languages exist including C, FORTRAN, PASCAL, etc. This book covers the MATLABe nvironment, which is uniquely suited to perform heterogeneous simulations, data-intensive analysis, optimization, modeling, code generation, visualization, etc. These features are extremely important in engineering, science, and technology. To avoid possible obstacles, the material is presented in sufficient detail. MATLAbBa sics are covered to help the reader to fully un- derstand, appreciate, apply, and develop the skills and confidence to work in the MATLABen vironment. A wide range of worked-out examples and qualitative illustrations, which are treated in depth, bridge the gap between theoretical knowledge and practice. Step-by-step, Engineering and Scientijk Computations Using MATLAB guides the reader through the most important aspects and basics in vii