Engaging the Other: ‘Japan’ and Its Alter Egos, 1550–1850

424 Pages·2019·19.438 MB·English

by  Ronald P. Toby

Engaging the Other: ‘Japan’ and Its Alter Egos, 1550–1850
Brill’s Japanese Studies Library
Edited by
Joshua Mostow (Managing Editor)
Caroline Rose
Kate Wildman Nakai
volume 65
The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/bjsl
Engaging the Other:
‘Japan’ and Its Alter Egos,
1550–1850
By
Ronald P. Toby
LEIDEN | BOSTON
Cover illustration: Revelers in the Hōkoku Festival of 1604 arrayed in Nanban fashion can be identified as
Japanese masqueraders by the sandals on their feet. Kano Naizen, Hōkoku sairei-zu byōbu. Pair of six-panel
folding screens, color and gold leaf on paper. Detail, left-hand screen, 5th panel. Courtesy Toyokuni Jinja,
Kyoto
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Toby, Ronald P., 1942– author.
Title: Engaging the other : ‘Japan’ and its alter egos, 1550–1850 / by Ronald
 P. Toby.
Description: Leiden ; Boston : Brill, [2019] | Series: Brill’s Japanese
 studies library, ISSN 0925-6512 ; volume 65 | Includes bibliographical
 references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2018057774 (print) | LCCN 2018060452 (ebook) | ISBN
 9789004393516 (ebook) | ISBN 9789004390621 (hardback : alk. paper)
Subjects: LCSH: Japan—Ethnic relations—History. | Aliens—Japan—History. |
 National characteristics, Japanese—History. | Other (Philosophy)—Social
 aspects—Japan—History. | Japan—Foreign relations—1600–1868.
Classification: LCC DS832.7.A1 (ebook) | LCC DS832.7.A1 T63 2019 (print) |
 DDC 305.800952/0903—dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2018057774
Typeface for the Latin, Greek, and Cyrillic scripts: “Brill”. See and download: brill.com/brill-typeface.
ISSN 0925-6512
ISBN 978-90-04-39062-1 (hardback)
ISBN 978-90-04-39351-6 (e-book)
Copyright 2019 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Brill Hes & De Graaf, Brill Nijhoff, Brill Rodopi,
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For Yuko
∵

Contents
Acknowledgements XI
A Word about Language xix
List of Figures xxiv
Introduction: Between Engagement and Imagination 1
1 Interlude: A Pair of Parables 17
2 Mapping the Margins: The Ragged Edges of State and Nation 25
1 Mapping Japan 27
2 Where Was Early-Modern “Japan?” 29
3 Reprise 45
4 Taxonomic Boundaries 48
5 Nishikawa Joken’s “Japan” 49
6 Terajima Ryōan and the Wakan sansai zue 52
7 Hayashi Shihei and the “Three Countries” 55
8 Margins and Maps 64
9 Coda 67
3 Imagining and Imaging “Anthropos” 74
1 Imaging Difference at Home 78
2 Brave New World: The Panopticon of Peoples in the Myriad
Realms 79
3 The Encyclopedic Vision: Articulate Selves and Typed Others 97
4 Toward a Visual Ethnography of a Myriad Lands 102
4 Indianizing Iberia/Performing Portugal: Responses to the Iberian
Irruption 106
1 Implicit Others and Manifest Men of Inde 109
2 Setting the Stage 113
3 Alter Others: Koreans, Okinawans, and Chinese in the Japanese
Text 120
4 The Invasive Other: Fear of Foreigners and the Changing
Iconographic Field 127
5 Performative Possibilities in the Age of Encounter 128
6 Disengagement and Code-Switching 138
viii Contents
5 Parades of Difference/Parades of Power 142
1 Parade Diplomacy 143
2 Watching the Watchers: Intersecting Gazes in Procession and
Parade 144
3 Edo Culture as Parade 146
4 Alien Parades 147
5 The Internal Structure of an “Alien Parade” 149
6 A Documentary Painting Is Not a Sketch 150
7 Parade in Review 154
8 How to Wrap a Parade 158
9 Why Wrap an Alien? 160
10 How to Watch a Diplomatic Parade 162
11 “ ‘Festival Chinamen’ Are More Convincing ‘Chinamen’” 166
12 Parade-Watching as Festival 168
13 The Spectator’s Condition 173
14 The Well-Tempered Spectator 175
15 Watching the Spectators 180
16 Seeing and Showing 187
17 Four Lines of Sight 189
6 The Birth of the Hairy Barbarian: Ethnic Slur as Cultural Marker 190
1 Initial Encounters and Radical Others 196
2 The First Hairy Barbarians 204
3 With a Flick of the Razor 208
4 Bearded Boundaries 216
5 Coxinga’s Pate/Chinese Bodies/Tatar Hair 221
6 Playing the Hairy Barbarian 225
7 Envisioning Hair 228
8 Tying Up Loose Ends 249
7 The Mountain That Needs No Interpreter: Mt. Fuji and the Foreign 252
1 National Symbols, Found and Made 255
2 The Rise of Mt. Fuji 258
3 On a Clear Day You Can See Forever: Mt. Fuji and the Ambit of the
Gods 262
4 Universal Mt. Fuji as “Scientific” Truth 269
5 Mt. Fuji’s Growing Reach 273
6 If the Mountain Won’t Come …: Drawing the Other to Japan 281
Contents ix
7 Preserve and Protect 295
8 Kiyomasa Redux 297
9 Conclusion 312
Epilogue: Antiphonals of Identity 327
1 One Costume/Many Scripts 334
2 Capturing “Korea” 341
Bibliography 349
Index 387