Energy Security and Geopolitics in the Arctic : Challenges and Opportunities in the 21st Century PDF
Preview Energy Security and Geopolitics in the Arctic : Challenges and Opportunities in the 21st Century
ENERGY SECURITY AND GEOPOLITICS IN THE ARCTIC Challenges and Opportunities in the 21st Century March5,2013 11:59 9inx6in TheArctic:Geopolitics,InternationalRelationsandEnergySecurity b1342-R-fm TThhiiss ppaaggee iinntteennttiioonnaallllyy lleefftt bbllaannkk ENERGY SECURITY AND GEOPOLITICS IN THE ARCTIC Editor Hooman Peimani Energy Studies Institute, National University of Singapore World Scientific NEW JERSEY • LONDON • SINGAPORE • BEIJING • SHANGHAI • HONG KONG • TAIPEI • CHENNAI Published by World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd. 5 Toh Tuck Link, Singapore 596224 USA office: 27 Warren Street, Suite 401-402, Hackensack, NJ 07601 UK office: 57 Shelton Street, Covent Garden, London WC2H 9HE British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. The image “Northwest Passage–Northern Sea Route,” seen on the front cover, is taken from the link: http://maps.grida.no/go/graphic/arctic-sea-routes-northern-sea-route-and-northwest-passage; Hugo Alhenius, UNEP/GRID-Arendal. ENERGY SECURITY AND GEOPOLITICS IN THE ARCTIC Challenges and Opportunities in the 21st Century Copyright © 2013 by World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd. All rights reserved. This book, or parts thereof, may not be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or any information storage and retrieval system now known or to be invented, without written permission from the Publisher. For photocopying of material in this volume, please pay a copying fee through the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. In this case permission to photocopy is not required from the publisher. ISBN-13 978-981-4401-46-3 (pbk) ISBN-10 981-4401-46-3 (pbk) In-house Editor: Ms Sandhya Venkatesh Typeset by Stallion Press Email: [email protected] Printed in Singapore. Sandhya - Energy Security & Geopolitics.pmd 1 3/4/2013, 3:01 PM March5,2013 11:59 9inx6in TheArctic:Geopolitics,InternationalRelationsandEnergySecurity b1342-R-fm DISCLAIMER The views and ideas expressed by the contributing authors of this book do not necessarily represent those of the Energy Studies Institute (ESI) and the publication of their chapters does not imply thatESIsubscribestooragreeswiththeirexpressedviewsandideas. v March5,2013 11:59 9inx6in TheArctic:Geopolitics,InternationalRelationsandEnergySecurity b1342-R-fm TThhiiss ppaaggee iinntteennttiioonnaallllyy lleefftt bbllaannkk March5,2013 11:59 9inx6in TheArctic:Geopolitics,InternationalRelationsandEnergySecurity b1342-R-fm CONTENTS List of Acronyms ix List of Tables and Figures xiii Acknowledgments xvii About the Contributors xix About the Energy Studies Institute xxv 1. Introduction 1 Hooman Peimani Section I: Is the Arctic Melting? 23 2. From White to Blue: The Shrinking Arctic Cryosphere 25 Shawn J. Marshall 3. Possible Changes to the Russian Arctic Environment under the Influence of Natural and Anthropogenic Factors 59 Vyacheslav Mikhailovich Makeev Section II: What Are the Stakes for the Littoral States? 93 4. The Transnational Arctic and Russia 95 Nadezhda Klimovna Kharlampyeva vii March5,2013 11:59 9inx6in TheArctic:Geopolitics,InternationalRelationsandEnergySecurity b1342-R-fm viii Contents 5. Norway and Russia: Neighbours with Strong Interests in the Arctic 127 Arild Moe Section III: What Are the Interests for the Non-Regional Large Economies? 165 6. The Arctic: Geopolitics, International Relations and Energy Security — A View from India 167 Neil Gadihoke 7. The Arctic and Japan: Energy Security and Climate Security 191 Hiroshi Ohta 8. The Arctic Governance and EU ‘‘Soft Power’’ 221 Danila Bochkarev 9. Conclusion 249 Hooman Peimani Index 261 March5,2013 11:59 9inx6in TheArctic:Geopolitics,InternationalRelationsandEnergySecurity b1342-R-fm LIST OF ACRONYMS AC Arctic Council AARI Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute ACIA Arctic Climate Impact Assessment ALDE Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe AMAP Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Program AO Arctic Ocean APEC Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations ATF Arctic Task Force BAU Business As Usual BB Billion barrels bcm Billion cubic meters BEAC Barents Euro-Arctic Council Bq Becquerel, unit of measuring radionuclide content BRC Barents Regional Council CAFE Conservational Arctic Flora and Fauna CBSS Council of the Baltic Sea States CCS Carbon Capture and Sequestration DDT Dichloro Diphenyl Trichloroethane EC European Commission ECCS Emergency Core Cooling System EEZ Exclusive Economic Zone ENSO El Nin˜o-Southern Oscillation EP European Parliament EU European Union FPU Floating Production Unit ix
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