Energy Efficiency in Developing Countries: Policies and Programmes

317 Pages·2020·3.671 MB·English

by  Suzana Tavares da Silva (editor), Gabriela Prata Dias (editor)

Energy Efficiency in Developing
Countries
This book presents a comparative analysis of energy efficiency policies in
developing countries.
Although there is a vast amount of literature available about renewable
energy policy and implementation in the developing world, energy efficiency
tends to lack attention. This book fills this lacuna by examining the current
state of the field and scope for future improvements. Drawing on a wide
range of case studies including Brazil, China and Chile, the authors use a
comparative approach to examine the policies and programmes being imple-
mented, looking at the existing legal frameworks and regulatory challenges.
By showcasing stories of success, as well as barriers to energy efficiency,
they highlight the opportunities for increased energy access and efficiency
and demonstrate how these opportunities may directly impact on climate
change mitigation.
This volume will be a useful resource for scholars and practitioners with
an interest in energy policy and efficiency, climate change and international
development.
Suzana Tavares da Silva is a public law professor at the University of
Coimbra, Portugal, and Justice at the Portuguese Administrative Supreme
Court.
Gabriela Prata Dias is a geographer and is currently Head of the Copenhagen
Centre on Energy Efficiency and Head of Strategy at UNEP DTU Partnership,
Denmark.
Routledge Studies in Energy Policy
Low Carbon Politics
A cultural approach focusing on low carbon electricity
David Toke
Governing Shale Gas
Development, Citizen Participation and Decision Making in the US,
Canada, Australia and Europe
John Whitton, Matthew Cotton, Ioan M. Charnley- Parry and Kathy Brasier
Business Battles in the US Energy Sector
Lessons for a Clean Energy Transition
Christian Downie
Guanxi and Local Green Development in China
The Role of Entrepreneurs and Local Leaders
Chunhong Sheng
Energy Policies and Climate Change in China
Actors, Implementation and Future Prospects
Han Lin
Energy Efficiency in Developing Countries
Policies and Programmes
Edited by Suzana Tavares da Silva and Gabriela Prata Dias
Ethics in Danish Energy Policy
Edited by Finn Arler, Mogens Rüdiger, Karl Sperling,
Kristian Høyer Toft and Bo Poulsen
For further details please visit the series page on the Routledge website:
www.routledge.com/books/series/RSIEP/
Energy Efficiency in
Developing Countries
Policies and Programmes
Edited by Suzana Tavares da Silva
and Gabriela Prata Dias
First published 2020
by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
and by Routledge
52 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, NY 10017
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
© 2020 selection and editorial matter, Suzana Tavares da Silva and Gabriela
Prata Dias; individual chapters, the contributors
The right of Suzana Tavares da Silva and Gabriela Prata Dias to be identified
as the authors of the editorial material, and of the authors for their individual
chapters, has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the
Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or
utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now
known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in
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Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or
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without intent to infringe.
British Library Cataloguing- in- Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging- in- Publication Data
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ISBN: 978-0 -3 67-3 6197-6 (hbk)
ISBN: 978-0 -4 29-3 4454-1 (ebk)
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DISCLAIMER: The views, thoughts and opinions expressed in this book
belong solely to the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy
or position of their affiliation, being it employers, organisations, committees
or other groups.
Contents
List of figures viii
List of tables ix
List of contributors xi
Preface xiv
List of acronyms and abbreviations xv
PART I
Overview of energy efficiency policies and
programmes and their implementation 1
1 Energy efficiency policies and programmes in
developing countries: a handful of opportunities 3
SUZANA TAVARES DA SILVA AND
GABRIELA PRATA DIAS
PART II
Policy and regulatory challenges 17
2 Legal framework and public policies on energy
efficiency in Spain and Chile 19
ROBERTO GALÁN VIOQUE AND
PATRICIO MASBERNAT
3 Regulating energy efficiency in Brazil 32
YANKO MARCIUS DE ALENCAR XAVIER,
PATRÍCIA BORBA VILAR GUIMARÃES AND
RENATA KARLA COUTINHO DA SILVA
vi Contents
4 Energy efficiency policy as a tool for development:
insights from Cabo Verde 45
ANILDO COSTA AND GUSTAVO ROCHETTE
5 Legal framework and public policies on energy efficiency
in some Portuguese speaking countries: Guinea- Bissau,
Mozambique, East- Timor and São Tomé 58
MARTA COSTA SANTOS AND JOANA NETO ANJOS
6 Linkages between national targets for energy efficiency
and NDCs in South America: cases of Argentina, Brazil,
Chile and Colombia 72
VALERIA ZAMBIANCHI
7 A review of China’s energy efficiency policies
for the industrial sector since 1990 86
XIANLI ZHU
8 Uruguay: a small giant in terms of energy
efficiency policy and regulation 107
MARÍA EUGENIA BAGNULO CEDREZ
9 The impact of electricity generating authority
of Thailand’s demand side management programme
and incentives for small power producers for energy
efficiency in Thailand 118
APIRADEE KONGCHAROEN SPRINGALL,
WANTIDA SAISUWAN AND
KATIPOTE SINSOONGSUD
10 Energy efficiency policies and programmes in Kenya 131
KSENIA PETRICHENKO, MARK LISTER AND
JOSEPH NJUGUNA
11 High- impact opportunities for energy efficiency: a case
study of improved cookstoves in Ghana 148
LANA SCHERTZER, JYOTI PRASAD PAINULY,
JACOB IPSEN HANSEN, EMMANUEL ACKOM AND
FRANCIS KEMAUSUOR
Contents vii
12 Energy efficiency policies and programmes in the Eastern
Partnership and Central Asian countries: the role of the
Energy Charter PEEREA review process 163
BILYANA PETKOVA- CHOBANOVA, TAMARA BABAYAN
AND IGOR GOROVYKH
PART III
New trends in energy efficiency implementation tools 177
13 Behavioural insights for energy efficiency
improvement in developing country cities 179
XIANLI ZHU
14 Sustainability indicators of district energy systems
and their applications in pilot cities of India and Malaysia 199
ZHUOLUN CHEN, BENJAMIN HICKMAN,
XIAOJIAN DUAN, SONJA MALICEVIC AND
LILY RIAHI
15 Regulations and incentive policy framework
for district energy system development: an analysis
in India 212
ZHUOLUN CHEN, BENJAMIN HICKMAN,
LILY RIAHI AND YIN ZHANG
16 Integration of low carbon technologies into district
heating systems of developing countries of cold climatic
zones: the case of Mongolia 227
ROMANAS SAVICKAS
17 Policy measures and regulations for improved
energy efficiency in the road transport sector 240
JORGE ROGAT
18 Electric vehicles penetration in India for enhanced
energy efficiency deployment in the transport sector 253
SUBASH DHAR, MINAL PATHAK,
PRIYADARSHI SHUKLA AND ANURAG GUPTA
19 Energy efficiency in the Georgian building sector 271
CLARA CAMARASA AND KSENIA PETRICHENKO
Index 287
Figures
7.1 China’s five- level government structure 91
7.2 The energy intensity of primary energy in different countries 101
7.3 Mix of China’s primary energy consumption – 2018 101
7.4 Mix of China’s primary energy consumption – 2000 101
10.1 Kenya’s energy mix 132
10.2 Primary energy intensity in selected countries in sub- Saharan
Africa for 1990–2015 134
10.3 RISE results on energy efficiency and sustainable energy
for selected countries 135
10.4 Energy use for lighting and cooking 137
10.5 GDP by sector (2017) and major export commodities (2018) 139
10.6 Energy use by industry sector 140
11.1 Overview of energy and CO emissions saved in 2030,
2
compared to the BAU scenario 157
12.1 Level of implementation 164
13.1 Types of EE policies found in 106 developing countries 188
13.2 Types of behaviour- based and energy feedback approach 196
16.1 Typical coal based power plant of low 35–45 per cent
thermal efficiency 231
16.2 Heat energy pricing in the selected settlements 234
16.3 A nnual CO before and after low carbon technologies
2
implementation 235
16.4 Potential business models for implementation of low
carbon technologies in district heating 238
17.1 Road transport share of total transport sector oil
consumption, 2016 241
17.2 Distribution of energy consumption by sector, 2018 242
17.3 World road transport sector fuel consumption
2010–2018, Mtoe 243
17.4 G lobal CO emissions from road transport 2000–2018, mt 243
2
19.1 Breakdown of the building stock in Georgia 276
19.2 Key indicators of the market structure in the construction
sector (by size of enterprise) 278
Tables
6.1 Energy efficiency targets and NDCs in Argentina 75
6.2 Energy efficiency targets and NDCs in Brazil 77
6.3 Energy efficiency targets and NDCs in Chile 80
6.4 Energy efficiency targets and NDCs in Colombia 81
7.1 Industry sector’s role in the Chinese economy 87
7.2 Total quantity and share of China’s energy consumption 87
7.3 Roles and responsibilities on industrial energy efficiency
governance 90
7.4 China’s industrial policy pyramids 92
7.5 Energy efficiency’s role in China’s national five- year plans
for economic and social development 93
7.6 Different types of industrial energy policies in China 94
7.7 The energy intensity targets for major industrial products 96
7.8 Export of energy intensive products 100
10.1 RISE results for Kenya (score out of 100) 134
11.1 Overview of the share and number of Ghanaian
households’ cooking fuels used from 2000 to 2017 151
11.2 Overview of stove adoption and fuel substitution rates 154
11.3 Overview of the fuel shares in 2030 156
11.4 Overview of improved cookstove adoption rates in 2030 156
11.5 Overview of energy consumption and carbon emissions
from fuels used for cooking in 2030 157
12.1 EaP and CA countries reviewed during 2010–2018 164
13.1 Two cognitive modes of thinking 182
13.2 The major biases in human thinking 183
13.3 Institutional setup and different approaches 185
13.4 Application areas of BIs 186
13.5 Behaviour change programmes in the US 189
13.6 Types of consumer behaviours (frequency and impacts
on energy consumption) 191
13.7 The AFI framework of sustainable lifestyle 192
13.8 Main approaches for using BI for residential EE
and conservation 192