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Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems 626 Natalia Kostrikova Editor Energy Ecosystems: Prospects and Challenges Applied Digital Technologies Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems Volume 626 Series Editor Janusz Kacprzyk, Systems Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland Advisory Editors Fernando Gomide, Department of Computer Engineering and Automation—DCA, SchoolofElectricalandComputerEngineering—FEEC,UniversityofCampinas— UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil Okyay Kaynak, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey Derong Liu, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China WitoldPedrycz,DepartmentofElectricalandComputerEngineering,Universityof Alberta, Alberta, Canada Systems Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland Marios M. Polycarpou, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, KIOSResearchCenterforIntelligentSystemsandNetworks,UniversityofCyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus Imre J. Rudas, Óbuda University, Budapest, Hungary Jun Wang, Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong The series “Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems” publishes the latest developmentsinNetworksandSystems—quickly,informallyandwithhighquality. Originalresearchreportedin proceedings andpost-proceedings represents thecore ofLNNS. VolumespublishedinLNNSembraceallaspectsandsubfieldsof,aswellasnew challenges in, Networks and Systems. The series contains proceedings and edited volumes in systems and networks, spanning the areas of Cyber-Physical Systems, Autonomous Systems, Sensor Networks, Control Systems, Energy Systems, Automotive Systems, Biological Systems, Vehicular Networking and Connected Vehicles, Aerospace Systems, Automation, Manufacturing, Smart Grids, Nonlinear Systems, Power Systems, Robotics,SocialSystems,EconomicSystemsandother.Ofparticularvaluetoboth the contributors and the readership are the short publication timeframe and the world-wide distribution and exposure which enable both a wide and rapid dissemination of research output. Theseriescoversthetheory,applications,andperspectivesonthestateoftheart andfuturedevelopmentsrelevanttosystemsandnetworks,decisionmaking,control, complex processes and related areas, as embedded in the fields of interdisciplinary andappliedsciences,engineering,computerscience,physics,economics,social,and lifesciences,aswellastheparadigmsandmethodologiesbehindthem. 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More information about this series at https://link.springer.com/bookseries/15179 Natalia Kostrikova Editor Energy Ecosystems: Prospects and Challenges Applied Digital Technologies 123 Editor Natalia Kostrikova Kaliningrad State TechnicalUniversity Kaliningrad, Russia ISSN 2367-3370 ISSN 2367-3389 (electronic) Lecture Notesin Networks andSystems ISBN978-3-031-24819-1 ISBN978-3-031-24820-7 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-24820-7 ©TheEditor(s)(ifapplicable)andTheAuthor(s),underexclusivelicense toSpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG2023 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsaresolelyandexclusivelylicensedbythePublisher,whether thewholeorpartofthematerialisconcerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuseof illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmissionorinformationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilar ordissimilarmethodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. 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ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbytheregisteredcompanySpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:Gewerbestrasse11,6330Cham,Switzerland Preface The Third International Scientific Conference “Energy Ecosystems: Prospects and Challenges: Applied Digital Technologies” took place in September 2022 as part oftheannualXInternationalBalticMaritimeForum.Thiseventwasacontinuation of a series of conferences “Ecosystems Without Borders”. The two-day offline conference was organized by the Department of Power Engineering and the InnovationDepartmentofKaliningradStateTechnical University.Thisconference brought together more than a hundred Russian and foreign scientists, researchers, and specialists in the field of power engineering. The aim of the conference is to review the key areas of modern research in power engineering regarding environmental conservation, as well as the research and development of digital technologies in the energy sector. Basedontheresultsoftheconference,16bestarticleswereselectedthataddress theimplementationofartificialintelligencetosolveresearchandpracticalproblems intheenergysector,proposesolutionstotheproblemofoverexploitationofnatural resources through their restoration and continuous circulation of resources as part of the transition from fossil fuels to the use of renewable energy sources, and addressissuesofpromotingthesustainableoperationofenergysystems.Particular attention in the articles of young researchers is paid to the introduction of new technologiestoincreasethegenerationofelectricitybyrenewableenergyfacilities, identify the best models for the promotion and implementation of green energy projects, and improve the reliability of power supply through the introduction of digital technologies. MaterialsoftheIIIInternationalConference«EnergyEcosystems:Prospectsand Challenges:AppliedDigitalTechnologies»willbeofinteresttoscientists,students, researchers, representatives of energy companies, and representatives of leading Russian and European universities, and research institutes. The main result of fruitful work within the framework of the III International Conference “Energy Ecosystems: Prospects and Challenges: Applied Digital Technologies” has become this book, which includes reports on priority issues of modern energy development. v vi Preface Wefeelconfidentthatourbookwillserveasanimportantsourceofinformation and knowledge that will lead to scientific and innovative progress in the field of sustainable development of the society. We would like to thank all those who contributed to this work, including the authors of the papers, the session speakers, the section chairpersons, the members of the program committee, volunteers, as well as the reviewers for their help in reviewingthearticles.Itwouldnothavebeensuchasuccessfuleventwithouttheir support. November 2022 Natalia Kostrikova Contents Maximum Power Point Tracking Algorithms Research in Terms of Uneven Shading of Solar Panels. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Nikolay Ignatev, Stepan Yakibchuk, Nikita Konoplev, and Alexander Nikiforov A New Approach to Increase the Efficiency of Solar Generation Through the Use of the Soltrack System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Darya Kugucheva and Maxim Kharitonov Demand Response as an Option to Contribute to the Sustainable Operation of the Kaliningrad Region Energy System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Andrey Nikishin, Dmitriy Pavlov, and Darya Kugucheva Regional Power System Consumption Analysis with Data Mining Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Andrey Nikishin, Anna Parshilkina, and Alexander Tristanov Energy Storage and Consumption Management as Elements of the Green Port Concept . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Roman Zubavichus and Maxim Kharitonov Increasing the Reliability of the Electric Network with Distributed Generation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 Darya Kugucheva and Maxim Kharitonov Framework Development for Marine Ports Digitalization . . . . . . . . . . . 76 Aygul Shaykhulova, Andrey Nikishin, and Alexander Tristanov Prevention of Ferroresonant Processes in Microgrid Operating in Island Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 Ilya Kazhekin and Maxim Kharitonov Cyber-Physical Management as a Mechanism to Increase the Survivability of the DR-Aggregator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 Irina Kolosok and Elena Korkina vii viii Contents Building a Model of Wind Turbine Power Using AutoML Methods . . . 106 Vladislav Kovalevsky, Nataly Zhukova, and Alexander Tristanov Simple Quarter-Wave-Symmetric Space Vector PWM Scheme for Single-Phase Multilevel Voltage Source Inverters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 Nikolay Lopatkin The CF Influence on the Interruption Ability of the High Voltage 4 Gas-Blast Interrupters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 Vladimir Frolov, Svetlana Averyanova, and Dmitriy Ivanov Management Software Power Consumption During Operation Objects of Technocenological Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 ViktorGnatyuk,OlegKivchun,AlexanderKovalev,andDmitriyMorozov Some Results on the Analysis of the Kaliningrad Power System in Isolated Operation with a Battery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158 Valery Beley and Kirill Veselovsky State Estimation of Grid-Connected Wind Farm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 Anna Glazunova and Elena Aksaeva Russian State Corporations in Search of a New Energy Policy for Sustainable Urban Development. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178 Roman Skokov and Sergey Volkov Author Index.. .... .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 185 Maximum Power Point Tracking Algorithms Research in Terms of Uneven Shading of Solar Panels B NikolayIgnatev( ) ,StepanYakibchuk,NikitaKonoplev,andAlexanderNikiforov FarEasternFederalUniversity,Vladivostok,Russia [email protected] Abstract. Powerproducedbysolarpowerplant(SPP)decreasesessentiallyunder conditionsofpartialorfullshading.Unevenshadingleadstoshiftofamaximum powerpointontheoutputP-Vcharacteristicanditslocalpeaksappearance.One ofthelocalpeakscanbewrongfullytakenasthemaximumpowerpoint(MPP). Thus,theSPPcanunderproduceelectricpower.Thisarticleobservespeculiarities ofmaximumpowerpointtracking(MPPT)algorithmsoperationunderthecircum- stancesofdifferentshadingtypes.ModelsdevelopedinDynamicSimulationEnvi- ronmentSimInTecharepresented.EachofthemodelsincludessubsystemofSPP connectedinserieswithDC-DCconverterandload.DC-DCcontrollerisdriven bysubsystemofpulse-widthmodulation(PWM)controller.Modelsdevelopedin thisworkdifferfromeachotherbyalgorithmofPWMcontrollerandbytypesof cloud’smodelsusedforshadingsimulationabovetheSPP.Incrementalconduc- tance,VoltagebasedPerturbandObserveandCurrentbasedPerturbandObserve algorithmswidelyusedforMPPTarechosenforsimulationinthisarticle.Partial shadingconditionsaresimulatedforfourcasesofcloud’sslowmotionthrough the clear sky and for four cases of clearance’s slow motion through the evenly cloudy sky above the SPP. Conditions of wrong maximum power point choice bythealgorithmsaresetout.Analysisofpowerunderproductionisconducted. In the end of the research conclusions about similarity of different algorithms underchanging partialshadingconditions arepresented.Ideas aboutsituations withincorrectalgorithm’soperationarestated. Keywords: Photovoltaicpowerplant·Changingcloudiness·Localpeak· Underproductionofelectricpower·SimInTech 1 Introduction Modern time electric power industry is undergoing great changes, most of which are directedtoreplacementofgenerationbasedoffossilfuels.Solarenergyisonetheways howthisproblemcanbesolved.Yearbyyearavailabilityandefficiencyofsolarpanels aregroovinghigherwhichiscausedbyimplementationofnewmaterials,development oftechnologiesandenhancementofindustrialpowers. At the same time application of solar power plants (SPP) is limited by their spec- ifications determined by exploitation conditions. Solar panels are highly sensitive to ©TheAuthor(s),underexclusivelicensetoSpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG2023 N.Kostrikova(Ed.):EcoSystConfKlgtu2022,LNNS626,pp.1–18,2023. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-24820-7_1