Energy and Sustainability 2 (Wit Transactions on Ecology and the Environment)

561 Pages·2009·11.3 MB·English

by  A. A. Mammoli

Energy and Sustainability II
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SECOND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON
ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY
ENERGY 2009
CONFERENCE CHAIRMEN
C.A. Brebbia
Wessex Institute of Technology, UK
A.A. Mammoli
University of New Mexico, USA
INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC ADVISORY COMMITTEE
N. Abatzoglou
S. Basbas
B. Bieda
M. Ektesabi
M. El-Genk
M.A. Haggag
G. Passerini
F. Patania
F.M. Pulselli
E. Tiezzi
A. van Timmeren
T. Zdankus
Organised by
Wessex Institute of Technology, UK
University of New Mexico, USA
Sponsored by
WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment
WIT Transactions
Transactions Editor
Carlos Brebbia
Wessex Institute of Technology
Ashurst Lodge, Ashurst
Southampton SO40 7AA, UK
Email:
A H-D Cheng University of Mississippi, K Dorow Pacific Northwest National
USA Laboratory, USA
J Chilton University of Lincoln, UK W Dover University College London, UK
C-L Chiu University of Pittsburgh, USA C Dowlen South Bank University, UK
H Choi Kangnung National University, J P du Plessis University of Stellenbosch,
Korea South Africa
A Cieslak Technical University of Lodz, R Duffell University of Hertfordshire, UK
Poland
A Ebel University of Cologne, Germany
S Clement Transport System Centre,
E E Edoutos Democritus University of
Australia
Thrace, Greece
M W Collins Brunel University, UK
G K Egan Monash University, Australia
J J Connor Massachusetts Institute of
K M Elawadly Alexandria University, Egypt
Technology, USA
K-H Elmer Universitat Hannover, Germany
M C Constantinou State University of
D Elms University of Canterbury, New
New York at Buffalo, USA
Zealand
D E Cormack University of Toronto,
M E M El-Sayed Kettering University, USA
Canada
D M Elsom Oxford Brookes University, UK
M Costantino Royal Bank of Scotland, UK
A El-Zafrany Cranfield University, UK
D F Cutler Royal Botanic Gardens, UK
F Erdogan Lehigh University, USA
W Czyczula Krakow University of
Technology, Poland F P Escrig University of Seville, Spain
M da Conceicao Cunha University of D J Evans Nottingham Trent University,
Coimbra, Portugal UK
A Davies University of Hertfordshire, UK J W Everett Rowan University, USA
M Davis Temple University, USA M Faghri University of Rhode Island, USA
A B de Almeida Instituto Superior Tecnico, R A Falconer Cardiff University, UK
Portugal
M N Fardis University of Patras, Greece
E R de Arantes e Oliveira Instituto
P Fedelinski Silesian Technical University,
Superior Tecnico, Portugal
Poland
L De Biase University of Milan, Italy
H J S Fernando Arizona State University,
R de Borst Delft University of Technology, USA
Netherlands
S Finger Carnegie Mellon University, USA
G De Mey University of Ghent, Belgium
J I Frankel University of Tennessee, USA
A De Montis Universita di Cagliari, Italy
D M Fraser University of Cape Town, South
A De Naeyer Universiteit Ghent, Belgium Africa
W P De Wilde Vrije Universiteit Brussel, M J Fritzler University of Calgary, Canada
Belgium
U Gabbert Otto-von-Guericke Universitat
L Debnath University of Texas-Pan Magdeburg, Germany
American, USA
G Gambolati Universita di Padova, Italy
N J Dedios Mimbela Universidad de
C J Gantes National Technical University
Cordoba, Spain
of Athens, Greece
G Degrande Katholieke Universiteit
L Gaul Universitat Stuttgart, Germany
Leuven, Belgium
A Genco University of Palermo, Italy
S del Giudice University of Udine, Italy
N Georgantzis Universitat Jaume I, Spain
G Deplano Universita di Cagliari, Italy
P Giudici Universita di Pavia, Italy
I Doltsinis University of Stuttgart,
F Gomez Universidad Politecnica de
Germany
Valencia, Spain
M Domaszewski Universite de Technologie
R Gomez Martin University of Granada,
de Belfort-Montbeliard, France
Spain
J Dominguez University of Seville, Spain
D Goulias University of Maryland, USA
K G Goulias Pennsylvania State University, D R H Jones University of Cambridge, UK
USA
N Jones University of Liverpool, UK
F Grandori Politecnico di Milano, Italy
D Kaliampakos National Technical
W E Grant Texas A & M University, USA University of Athens, Greece
S Grilli University of Rhode Island, USA N Kamiya Nagoya University, Japan
R H J Grimshaw, Loughborough D L Karabalis University of Patras, Greece
University, UK
M Karlsson Linkoping University, Sweden
D Gross Technische Hochschule Darmstadt,
T Katayama Doshisha University, Japan
Germany
K L Katsifarakis Aristotle University of
R Grundmann Technische Universitat
Thessaloniki, Greece
Dresden, Germany
J T Katsikadelis National Technical
A Gualtierotti IDHEAP, Switzerland
University of Athens, Greece
R C Gupta National University of
E Kausel Massachusetts Institute of
Singapore, Singapore
Technology, USA
J M Hale University of Newcastle, UK
H Kawashima The University of Tokyo,
K Hameyer Katholieke Universiteit Japan
Leuven, Belgium
B A Kazimee Washington State University,
C Hanke Danish Technical University, USA
Denmark
S Kim University of Wisconsin-Madison,
K Hayami National Institute of USA
Informatics, Japan
D Kirkland Nicholas Grimshaw & Partners
Y Hayashi Nagoya University, Japan Ltd, UK
L Haydock Newage International Limited, E Kita Nagoya University, Japan
UK
A S Kobayashi University of Washington,
A H Hendrickx Free University of Brussels, USA
Belgium
T Kobayashi University of Tokyo, Japan
C Herman John Hopkins University, USA
D Koga Saga University, Japan
S Heslop University of Bristol, UK
A Konrad University of Toronto, Canada
I Hideaki Nagoya University, Japan
S Kotake University of Tokyo, Japan
D A Hills University of Oxford, UK
A N Kounadis National Technical
W F Huebner Southwest Research Institute, University of Athens, Greece
USA
W B Kratzig Ruhr Universitat Bochum,
J A C Humphrey Bucknell University, USA Germany
M Y Hussaini Florida State University, USA T Krauthammer Penn State University,
USA
W Hutchinson Edith Cowan University,
Australia C-H Lai University of Greenwich, UK
T H Hyde University of Nottingham, UK M Langseth Norwegian University of
Science and Technology, Norway
M Iguchi Science University of Tokyo,
Japan B S Larsen Technical University of
Denmark, Denmark
D B Ingham University of Leeds, UK
F Lattarulo, Politecnico di Bari, Italy
L Int Panis VITO Expertisecentrum IMS,
Belgium A Lebedev Moscow State University, Russia
N Ishikawa National Defence Academy, L J Leon University of Montreal, Canada
Japan
D Lewis Mississippi State University, USA
J Jaafar UiTm, Malaysia
S lghobashi University of California Irvine,
W Jager Technical University of Dresden, USA
Germany
K-C Lin University of New Brunswick,
Y Jaluria Rutgers University, USA Canada
C M Jefferson University of the West of A A Liolios Democritus University of
England, UK Thrace, Greece
P R Johnston Griffith University, Australia
S Lomov Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, K Miura Kajima Corporation, Japan
Belgium
A Miyamoto Yamaguchi University, Japan
J W S Longhurst University of the West
T Miyoshi Kobe University, Japan
of England, UK
G Molinari University of Genoa, Italy
G Loo The University of Auckland, New
T B Moodie University of Alberta, Canada
Zealand
D B Murray Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
J Lourenco Universidade do Minho,
Portugal G Nakhaeizadeh DaimlerChrysler AG,
Germany
J E Luco University of California at San
Diego, USA M B Neace Mercer University, USA
H Lui State Seismological Bureau Harbin, D Necsulescu University of Ottawa, Canada
China
F Neumann University of Vienna, Austria
C J Lumsden University of Toronto,
S-I Nishida Saga University, Japan
Canada
H Nisitani Kyushu Sangyo University,
L Lundqvist Division of Transport and
Japan
Location Analysis, Sweden
B Notaros University of Massachusetts,
T Lyons Murdoch University, Australia
USA
Y-W Mai University of Sydney, Australia
P O’Donoghue University College Dublin,
M Majowiecki University of Bologna, Italy Ireland
R O O’Neill Oak Ridge National
D Malerba Università degli Studi di Bari,
Laboratory, USA
Italy
M Ohkusu Kyushu University, Japan
G Manara University of Pisa, Italy
G Oliveto Universitá di Catania, Italy
B N Mandal Indian Statistical Institute,
R Olsen Camp Dresser & McKee Inc., USA
India
E Oñate Universitat Politecnica de
Ü Mander University of Tartu, Estonia
Catalunya, Spain
H A Mang Technische Universitat Wien,
K Onishi Ibaraki University, Japan
Austria,
P H Oosthuizen Queens University, Canada
G D, Manolis, Aristotle University of
Thessaloniki, Greece E L Ortiz Imperial College London, UK
W J Mansur COPPE/UFRJ, Brazil E Outa Waseda University, Japan
N Marchettini University of Siena, Italy A S Papageorgiou Rensselaer Polytechnic
Institute, USA
J D M Marsh Griffith University, Australia
J Park Seoul National University, Korea
J F Martin-Duque Universidad
Complutense, Spain G Passerini Universita delle Marche, Italy
T Matsui Nagoya University, Japan B C Patten, University of Georgia, USA
G Mattrisch DaimlerChrysler AG, Germany G Pelosi University of Florence, Italy
F M Mazzolani University of Naples G G Penelis, Aristotle University of
“Federico II”, Italy Thessaloniki, Greece
K McManis University of New Orleans, W Perrie Bedford Institute of
USA Oceanography, Canada
A C Mendes Universidade de Beira Interior, R Pietrabissa Politecnico di Milano, Italy
Portugal,
H Pina Instituto Superior Tecnico, Portugal
R A Meric Research Institute for Basic
M F Platzer Naval Postgraduate School,
Sciences, Turkey
USA
J Mikielewicz Polish Academy of Sciences,
D Poljak University of Split, Croatia
Poland
V Popov Wessex Institute of Technology,
N Milic-Frayling Microsoft Research Ltd,
UK
UK
H Power University of Nottingham, UK
R A W Mines University of Liverpool, UK
D Prandle Proudman Oceanographic
C A Mitchell University of Sydney,
Laboratory, UK
Australia
M Predeleanu University Paris VI, France B Sarler Nova Gorica Polytechnic, Slovenia
M R I Purvis University of Portsmouth, UK S A Savidis Technische Universitat Berlin,
Germany
I S Putra Institute of Technology Bandung,
Indonesia A Savini Universita de Pavia, Italy
Y A Pykh Russian Academy of Sciences, G Schmid Ruhr-Universitat Bochum,
Russia Germany
F Rachidi EMC Group, Switzerland R Schmidt RWTH Aachen, Germany
M Rahman Dalhousie University, Canada B Scholtes Universitaet of Kassel, Germany
K R Rajagopal Texas A & M University, W Schreiber University of Alabama, USA
USA
A P S Selvadurai McGill University, Canada
T Rang Tallinn Technical University,
J J Sendra University of Seville, Spain
Estonia
J J Sharp Memorial University of
J Rao Case Western Reserve University,
Newfoundland, Canada
USA
Q Shen Massachusetts Institute of
A M Reinhorn State University of New
Technology, USA
York at Buffalo, USA
X Shixiong Fudan University, China
A D Rey McGill University, Canada
G C Sih Lehigh University, USA
D N Riahi University of Illinois at Urbana-
L C Simoes University of Coimbra,
Champaign, USA
Portugal
B Ribas Spanish National Centre for
A C Singhal Arizona State University, USA
Environmental Health, Spain
P Skerget University of Maribor, Slovenia
K Richter Graz University of Technology,
Austria J Sladek Slovak Academy of Sciences,
Slovakia
S Rinaldi Politecnico di Milano, Italy
V Sladek Slovak Academy of Sciences,
F Robuste Universitat Politecnica de
Slovakia
Catalunya, Spain
A C M Sousa University of New Brunswick,
J Roddick Flinders University, Australia
Canada
A C Rodrigues Universidade Nova de
H Sozer Illinois Institute of Technology,
Lisboa, Portugal
USA
F Rodrigues Poly Institute of Porto,
D B Spalding CHAM, UK
Portugal
P D Spanos Rice University, USA
C W Roeder University of Washington,
USA T Speck Albert-Ludwigs-Universitaet
Freiburg, Germany
J M Roesset Texas A & M University, USA
C C Spyrakos National Technical
W Roetzel Universitaet der Bundeswehr
University of Athens, Greece
Hamburg, Germany
I V Stangeeva St Petersburg University,
V Roje University of Split, Croatia
Russia
R Rosset Laboratoire d’Aerologie, France
J Stasiek Technical University of Gdansk,
J L Rubio Centro de Investigaciones sobre
Poland
Desertificacion, Spain
G E Swaters University of Alberta, Canada
T J Rudolphi Iowa State University, USA
S Syngellakis University of Southampton,
S Russenchuck Magnet Group, Switzerland
UK
H Ryssel Fraunhofer Institut Integrierte
J Szmyd University of Mining and
Schaltungen, Germany
Metallurgy, Poland
S G Saad American University in Cairo,
S T Tadano Hokkaido University, Japan
Egypt
H Takemiya Okayama University, Japan
M Saiidi University of Nevada-Reno, USA
I Takewaki Kyoto University, Japan
R San Jose Technical University of Madrid,
C-L Tan Carleton University, Canada
Spain
M Tanaka Shinshu University, Japan
F J Sanchez-Sesma Instituto Mexicano del
Petroleo, Mexico E Taniguchi Kyoto University, Japan
S Tanimura Aichi University of R Verhoeven Ghent University, Belgium
Technology, Japan
A Viguri Universitat Jaume I, Spain
J L Tassoulas University of Texas at Austin,
Y Villacampa Esteve Universidad de
USA
Alicante, Spain
M A P Taylor University of South Australia,
F F V Vincent University of Bath, UK
Australia
S Walker Imperial College, UK
A Terranova Politecnico di Milano, Italy
G Walters University of Exeter, UK
E Tiezzi University of Siena, Italy
B Weiss University of Vienna, Austria
A G Tijhuis Technische Universiteit
H Westphal University of Magdeburg,
Eindhoven, Netherlands
Germany
T Tirabassi Institute FISBAT-CNR, Italy
J R Whiteman Brunel University, UK
S Tkachenko Otto-von-Guericke-
Z-Y Yan Peking University, China
University, Germany
S Yanniotis Agricultural University of
N Tosaka Nihon University, Japan
Athens, Greece
T Tran-Cong University of Southern
A Yeh University of Hong Kong, China
Queensland, Australia
J Yoon Old Dominion University, USA
R Tremblay Ecole Polytechnique, Canada
K Yoshizato Hiroshima University, Japan
I Tsukrov University of New Hampshire,
USA T X Yu Hong Kong University of Science &
Technology, Hong Kong
R Turra CINECA Interuniversity Computing
Centre, Italy M Zador Technical University of Budapest,
Hungary
S G Tushinski Moscow State University,
Russia K Zakrzewski Politechnika Lodzka, Poland
J-L Uso Universitat Jaume I, Spain M Zamir University of Western Ontario,
Canada
E Van den Bulck Katholieke Universiteit
Leuven, Belgium R Zarnic University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
D Van den Poel Ghent University, Belgium G Zharkova Institute of Theoretical and
Applied Mechanics, Russia
R van der Heijden Radboud University,
Netherlands N Zhong Maebashi Institute of Technology,
Japan
R van Duin Delft University of
Technology, Netherlands H G Zimmermann Siemens AG, Germany
P Vas University of Aberdeen, UK
W S Venturini University of Sao Paulo,
Brazil
Energy and
Sustainability II
Editors:
C.A. Brebbia
Wessex Institute of Technology, UK
A.A. Mammoli
Univeristy of New Mexico, USA