Energetics of Biological Macromolecules, Part C PDF
Preview Energetics of Biological Macromolecules, Part C
Contributors to Volume 323 Article numbers are in parentheses gniwollof the names of .srotubirtnoc snoitailiffA listed are .tnerruc BERNARD Y. AMEOADZIE (9), Eli Lilly and MICHAEL L. DOYLE (9, 10), Department of Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 52264 Structural Biology, SmithKline Beecham L. MARIO AMZEL (8), Department of Biophys- Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, Pennsyl- vania 9390-60491 ics and Biophysical Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, MAURICE R. EmaNK (20), Department of Baltimore, Maryland 5812-50212 Chemistry, University of Mississippi, Uni- versity, Mississippi 38677 CAMMON B. ARRINGTON (5), Department of Biochemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa CONNIE L. ERICKSON-MILLER (9), Depart- City, Iowa 24225 ment of MVHD, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, Collegeville, Pennsylva- RODNEY L. BILTONEN (15), Departments of nia 9890-62491 Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, and Pharmacology, University of Virginia KAREN G. FLEMING (3), Department of Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville, vir- Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, ginia 22908 Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 4118-02560 MICHAEL N. BLACKBURN (10), Department of Structural Biology, SmithKline Beecham CHARLES A. GRIFFIN (9), Department of Downstream Process Development, Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, Pennsyl- SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, vania 9390-60491 King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 9390-60491 MICHAEL R. BRIGHAM-BURKE (9, 10), De- partment of Structural Biology, SmithKline IGNACY GRYCZYNSKI (21), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cen- Beecham Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, ter for Fluorescence Spectroscopy, Univer- Pennsylvania 9390-60491 sity of Maryland School of Medicine, Balti- IAN S. BROOKS (10), Wolfram Research Inc., more, Maryland 10212 Champaign, Illinois 7327-02816 LUMAHSTHI HAO (16), Krebs Institute for Bio- JONATHAN B. CHAIRES (16), Department of molecular Sciences, Department of Chemis- Biochemistry, University of Mississippi try, University of Sheffield, Sheffield $3 Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi 7HF, United Kingdom 5054-61293 PRESTON HENSLEY (9, 10), Pfizer Inc., Central BABUR Z. CHOWDHR¥ (16), School of Chemi- Research Division, Groton, Connecticut cal and Life Sciences, The University of 9799-04360 Greenwich, Woolwich, London SE18 6PF, GEOFFREY J. HOWLETT (11), Department of United Kingdom Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Uni- JOHN J. CORREIA (4), Department of Bio- versity of Melbourne, Parkville ,2503 Victo- chemistry, University of Mississippi Medical ,air Australia Center, Jackson, Mississippi 39216 TERENCE C. JENKINS (16), Yorkshire Cancer BARRIE E. DAVlDSO~ (11), Department of Research Laboratory of Drug Design, Can- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Uni- cer Research Group, University of Brad- versity of Melbourne, Parkville ,2503 Victo- ford, Bradford, West Yorkshire BD7 1DP, ,air Australia United Kingdom xi xii CONTRIBUTORS TO VOLUME 323 MICHAEL L. NOSNHOJ (6, 7, 21), Departments land School of Medicine, Baltimore, of Pharmacology and Internal Medicine, Maryland 10212 Center for Biomathematical Technology, ROLAND NEWMAN (10), IDEC Pharmaceu- General Clinical Research Center, NSF ticals Corporation, San Diego, California Center for Biological Timing, University of 4011-12129 Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Vir- ginia 5370-80922 KAZIMIERZ NOWACZYK (21), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cen- REHPOTSIRHC S. JONES (9), Medlmmune Inc., ter for Fluorescence Spectroscopy, Univer- Process Biochemistry, Gaithersburg, Mary- sity of Maryland School of Medicine, Balti- land 20878 more, Maryland 10212 DONALD W. KUPKE (18), Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Char- NWAHS P. O'BRIEN (9), Department of Molec- lottesville, Virginia 22908 ular Biology, SmithKline Beecham Phar- maceuticals, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania JOSEPH R. LAROWICZ (21), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cen- 9390-60491 ter for Fluorescence Spectroscopy, Univer- DANIEL J. O'SHANNESSY (10), Alchemia Pty. sity of Maryland School of Medicine, Balti- Limited, Indooroopilly 4068, Queensland, more, Maryland 10212 Australia JAMES C. LEE (V), Department of Human Bio- SUSAN PEDIGO (12), Department of Biochem- logical Chemistry and Genetics, University istry, University of Iowa, College of Medi- of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas cine, Iowa City, Iowa 9011-24225 5501-55577 GRZEGORZ PISZCZEK (21), Department of SHARON LOBERT (4), School of Nursing & Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cen- Department of Biochemistry, University of ter for Fluorescence Spectroscopy, Univer- Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mis- sity of Maryland School of Medicine, Balti- sissippi 39216 more, Maryland 10212 LAURIE MAcKENzIE (9), Department of Screening Sciences, SmithKline Beecham GEORGE P. PRIVALOV (2), Applied Thermo- Pharmaceuticals, King of Prnssia, Pennsyl- dynamics, Hunt Valley, Maryland 21031- vania 9390-60491 0157 Luis A. MARKY (18), Departments of Phar- PETER L. PRIVALOV (2), Department of Biol- maceutical Sciences, Biochemistry and Mo- ogy, Biocalorimetry Center, Johns Hopkins lecular Biology, University of Nebraska University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218- Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska -89186 5862 52O6 MITCHELL REFF (10), IDEC Pharmaceu- DEAN E. McNULTY (9), Department of AND, ticals Corporation, San Diego, California SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, 4011-12129 King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 9390-60491 JI~SONG REN (16), Department of Biochemis- DAVID P. MILLAR (19), Department of Molec- try, University of Mississippi Medical Cen- ular Biology, The Scripps Research Insti- ter, Jackson, Mississippi 5054-61293 tute, La ,aUoJ California 92037 DAVID G. MYSZKA (9, 14), Protein Interaction ANDREW O. ROBERTSON (5), Department of Facility, Department of Oncological Sci- Biochemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa ences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Univer- City, Iowa 24225 sity of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 23148 M. DOMINIC RYAN (9), Department of Physi- RAIESH NAIR (21), Department of Biochemis- cal and Structural Chemistry, SmithKline try and Molecular Biology, Center for Fluo- Beecham Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, rescence Spectroscopy, University of Mary- Pennsylvania 9390-60491 CONTRIBUTORS TO VOLUME 323 xiii ENILEDAM A. SrmA (12), Department of -DiB LEAH ASOLOT (21), Department of Biochem- chemistry, University of Iowa, College of istry and Molecular Biology, Center for Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa 9011-24225 Fluorescence Spectroscopy, University of SAMOHT M. SMITH (10), Department of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Downstream Process Development, Maryland 10212 SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, DEGESMELA HENURT (10), Department of Im- King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 9390-60491 munology, SmithKline Beecham Pharma- ADNERB R. NESNEROS (12), Department of ceuticals, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania Biochemistry, University of Iowa, College 60491 of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa 9011-24225 CRAM R. NAV TSLIG (1), Department of Cellu- SELRAHC H. KNIPS (17), Chemistry Depart- lar and Molecular Pharmacology, Univer- ment, State University of New York-Cort- sity of California, San Francisco, California land, Cortland, New York 54031 0540-34149 RETLAW F. DROFFATS III (10, 13), Analytical YMA S. NEVEOHREV (12), Department of -DiB Ultracentrifugation Research Laboratory, chemistry, University of Iowa, College of Boston Biomedical Research Institute, Bos- Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa 9011-24225 ton, Massachusetts 41120 RETEP H. NOV LEPPIH (1), Institute of Molecu- NITRAM EMUARTS (7), NSF Center for Bio- lar Biology and Department of Chemistry, logical Timing, Center for Biomathematical University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon Technology, Department of lnternal Medi- 30479 cine, Division of Endocrinology and Metab- SAMOHT P. WHITE (17), Chemistry Depart- olism, University of Virginia, Charlottes- ment, State University of New York-Buf- ville, Virginia 22903 falo, Buffalo, New York 06241 ~AVTSI P. SUOAR (15), Departments of -DiB TREBOR W. YDOOW (9), Department of Bio- mathematical Sciences and Physiology~Bio- chemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado physics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, State University, Fort Collins, Colorado New York, New York, 92001 32508 DNOMYAR W. TEEWS (10), Department oflm- RETEP R. ONUOY (9), Department of Cardio- munology, SmithKline Beecham Pharma- vascular Disease Research, DuPont Phar- ceuticals, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania maceuticals, Wilmington, Delaware -08891 60491 O040 Preface Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying a biological pro- cess requires detailed knowledge of the structural relationships within the system and an equally detailed understanding of the energetic driving (i.e., thermodynamic) forces that control the structural interactions. Understand- ing the energetic driving forces is concomitant with understanding (1) the source of the driving energies, (2) the distribution of the energies among the individual steps of the structural changes, and (3) which of the structural pathways are of biological significance. Unfortunately, the most common examples used in the teaching of thermodynamics are exercises in heat engines. Living systems are best understood as "chemical potential engines" where the functional driving forces are generated by changes in chemical potentials. This and our previ- ous Methods in Enzymology volumes (259 and 295) are devoted to describ- ing some modern thermodynamic techniques currently being utilized to study these energetic driving forces in biological systems. This volume will be useful as a reference source and as a textbook for scientists and students whose goal is to understand the energetic (i.e., thermodynamic) relation- ships between macromolecular structures and biological functions. MICHAEL L. JOHNSON GARY K. ACKERS VX METHODS IN ENZYMOLOGY EMULOV I. Preparation and Assay of Enzymes Edited by SIDNEY P. KCIWOLOC DNA NATHAN O. KAPLAN EMULOV II. Preparation and Assay of Enzymes Edited by SIDNEY P. KCIWOLOC DNA NATHAN O. KAPLAN EMULOV III. Preparation and Assay of Substrates Edited by SIDNEY P. KCIWOLOC DNA NATHAN O. KAPLAN EMULOV IV. Special Techniques for the Enzymologist Edited by SIDNEY P. KCIWOLOC DNA NATHAN O. KAPLAN EMULOV V. Preparation and Assay of Enzymes Edited by SIDNEY P. KCIWOLOC DNA NATHAN O. KAPLAN EMULOV VI. Preparation and Assay of Enzymes (Continued) Preparation and Assay of Substrates Special Techniques Edited by SIDNEY P. KCIWOLOC DNA NATHAN O. KAPLAN EMULOV VII. Cumulative Subject Index Edited by SIDNEY P. KCIWOLOC DNA NATHAN O. KAPLAN EMULOV VIII. Complex Carbohydrates Edited by ELIZABETH F. NEUFELD DNA VICTOR GRUBSNIG EMULOV IX. Carbohydrate Metabolism Edited by WILLIS A. WOOD EMULOV X. Oxidation and Phosphorylation Edited by RONALD W. KOORBATSE DNA MAYNARD E. NAMLLUP EMULOV XI. Enzyme Structure Edited by C. H. W. HIRS EMULOV XII. Nucleic Acids (Parts A and B) Edited by ECNERWAL NAMSSORG DNA KIVlE EVADLOM EMULOV XIII. Citric Acid Cycle Edited by J. M. NIETSNEWOL EMULOV XIV. Lipids Edited by J. M. NIETSNEWOL EMULOV XV. Steroids and Terpenoids Edited by DNOMYAR B. NOTYALC EMULOV XVI. Fast Reactions Edited by KENNETH NITSUK xvii xviii METHODS IN ENZYMOLOGY EMULOV XVII. Metabolism of Amino Acids and Amines (Parts A and B) Edited by HERBERT TABOR AND CELIA WHITE TABOR EMULOV XVIII. Vitamins and Coenzymes (Parts A, B, and C) Edited by DONALD B. McCoRMICK AND LEMUEL O. WRIGHT VOLUME XIX. Proteolytic semyznE Edited by GERTRUDE E. PERLMANN AND LASZLO LORAND EMULOV XX. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis (Part C) Edited by Kivm MOLDAVE AND LAWRENCE GROSSMAN EMULOV XXI. Nucleic Acids (Part D) Edited by LAWRENCE GROSSMAN AND KIVIE MOLDAVE EMULOV XXII. Enzyme Purification and Related Techniques Edited by WILLIAM B. JAKOBY EMULOV XXIII. Photosynthesis (Part A) Edited by ANTHONY SAN PIETRO EMULOV XXIV. Photosynthesis and Nitrogen Fixation (Part B) Edited by YNOHTNA NAS ORTEIP EMULOV XXV. Enzyme Structure (Part B) Edited by C. H. W. Hms DNA EGRES N. FFEHSAMIT EMULOV XXVI. Enzyme Structure (Part C) Edited by C. H. W. HIRS DNA EGRES N. FFEHSAMIT EMULOV XXVII. Enzyme Structure (Part D) Edited by C. H. W. HIRS DNA EGRES N. FFEHSAMIT EMULOV XXVIII. Complex Carbohydrates (Part B) Edited by ROTCIV GRUBSNIG EMULOV XXIX. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis (Part E) Edited yb ECNERWAL NAMSSORG DNA KIVIE EVADLOM EMULOV XXX. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis (Part F) Edited by KIVIE MOLDAVE AND LAWRENCE GROSSMAN EMULOV XXXI. Biomembranes (Part A) Edited by YENDIS REHCSIELF DNA RETSEL REKCAP EMULOV XXXII. Biomembranes (Part B) Edited by SIDNEY FLEISCHER AND LESTER PACKER EMULOV XXXIII. Cumulative Subject Index Volumes I-XXX Edited by MARTHA G. DENNIS AND EDWARD A. DENNIS EMULOV XXXIV. Affinity Techniques (Enzyme Purification: Part B) Edited by WILLIAM B. YBOKAJ AND MEIR WILCHEK EMULOV XXXV. Lipids (Part B) Edited by JOHN M. LOWENSTEIN METHODS IN ENZYMOLOGY xix EMULOV XXXVI. Hormone Action (Part A: Steroid Hormones) Edited by BERT W. O'MALLEY AND JOEL G. HARDMAN EMULOV XXXVII. Hormone Action (Part B: Peptide Hormones) Edited by BERT W. O'MALLEY AND JOEL G. HARDMAN EMULOV XXXVIII. Hormone Action (Part C: Cyclic Nucleotides) Edited by JOEL G. HARDMAN AND BERT W. O'MALLEY EMULOV XXXIX. Hormone Action (Part D: Isolated Cells, Tissues, and Organ Systems) Edited by JOEL G. HARDMAN AND BERT W. O'MALLEY EMULOV XL. Hormone Action (Part E: Nuclear Structure and Function) Edited by BERT W. O'MALLEY AND JOEL G. HARDMAN EMULOV XLI. Carbohydrate Metabolism (Part B) Edited by W. A. DOOW EMULOV XLII. Carbohydrate Metabolism (Part C) Edited by W. A. DOOW EMULOV XLIII. Antibiotics Edited by JOHN H. HASH EMULOV XLIV. Immobilized Enzymes Edited by SUALK HCABSOM EMULOV XLV. Proteolytic Enzymes (Part B) Edited by OLZSAL DNAROL EMULOV XLVI. Affinity Labeling Edited by MAILLIW B. YBOKAJ DNA MUIR KEHCLIW EMULOV XLVII. Enzyme Structure (Part E) Edited by C. H. W. HIRS DNA EGRES N. FFEHSAMIT EMULOV XLVIII. Enzyme Structure (Part F) Edited by C. H. W. HIRS DNA EGRES N. FFEHSAMIT EMULOV XLIX. Enzyme Structure (Part G) Edited by C. H. W. HIRS DNA EGRES N. FFEHSAMIT EMULOV L. Complex Carbohydrates (Part C) Edited by ROTCIV GRUBSNIG EMULOV LI. Purine and Pyrimidine Nucleotide Metabolism Edited by AICIRTAP A. EEFFOH DNA MARY ELLEN SENOJ EMULOV LII. Biomembranes (Part C: Biological Oxidations) Edited by SIDNEY FLEISCHER AND LUSTER PACKER EMULOV LIII. Biomembranes (Part D: Biological Oxidations) Edited by SIDNEY FLEISCHER AND LUSTER PACKER EMULOV LIV. Biomembranes (Part E: Biological Oxidations) Edited by SIDNEY FLEISCHER AND LUSTER PACKER XX METHODS IN ENZYMOLOGY EMULOV LV. Biomembranes (Part F: Bioenergetics) Edited by SIDNEY FLEISCHER AND RETSEL PACKER EMULOV LVI. Biomembranes (Part G: Bioenergetics) Edited by SIDNEY FLEISCHER AND LESTER PACKER EMULOV LVII. Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence Edited by ENELRAM A. DELucA EMULOV LVIII. Cell Culture Edited by WILLIAM B. JAKOBY AND ARI PASTAN EMULOV LIX. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis (Part G) Edited by KIVlE MOLDAVE AND LAWRENCE GROSSMAN EMULOV LX. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis (Part H) Edited by KIVIE MOLDAVE AND LAWRENCE GROSSMAN EMULOV .16 Enzyme Structure (Part H) Edited by C. H. W. HIRS DNA EGRES N. FFEHSAMIT EMULOV .26 Vitamins and Coenzymes (Part D) Edited by DONALD B. McCORMICK AND LEMUEL D. WRIGHT EMULOV .36 Enzyme Kinetics and Mechanism (Part A: Initial Rate and Inhibitor Methods) Edited by DANIEL L. PURICH EMULOV .46 Enzyme Kinetics and Mechanism (Part B: Isotopic Probes and Com- plex Enzyme Systems) Edited by DANIEL L. PURICH EMULOV .56 Nucleic Acids (Part I) Edited by LAWRENCE GROSSMAN AND KIVIE MOLDAVE EMULOV .66 Vitamins and Coenzymes (Part E) Edited by DONALD B. McCoRMICK AND LEMUEL O. WRIGHT EMULOV .76 Vitamins and Coenzymes (Part F) Edited by DONALD B. McCoRMICK AND LEMUEL D. WRIGHT VOLUME 68. Recombinant DNA Edited by YAR Wu EMULOV .96 Photosynthesis and Nitrogen Fixation (Part C) Edited by YNOHTNA NAS PmTRO EMULOV .07 Immunochemical Techniques (Part A) Edited by HELEN VAN VUNAKIS AND JOHN J. LANGONE EMULOV .17 Lipids (Part C) Edited by JOHN M. NIETSNEWOL EMULOV .27 Lipids (Part D) Edited by JoHN M. NIETSNEWOL METHODS IN ENZYMOLOGY xxi EMULOV 73. Immunochemical Techniques (Part B) Edited by JOHN J. LANGONE AND HELEN VAN VUNAKIS EMULOV 74. Immunochemical Techniques (Part C) Edited by JOaN J. LANGONE AND HELEN VAN VUNAKIS EMULOV 75. Cumulative Subject Index Volumes XXXI, XXXII, XXXIV-LX Edited by DRAWDE A. DENNIS AND MARTHA G. DENNIS EMULOV .67 Hemoglobins Edited by ERALDO ANTONINI, LUIGI ROSsI-BERNARDI, AND EMILIA CHIANCONE EMULOV .77 Detoxication and Drug Metabolism Edited by MAILLIW B. YBOKAJ EMULOV .87 Interferons (Part A) Edited by YENDIS AKTSEP EMULOV .97 Interferons (Part B) Edited by YENDIS AKTSEP EMULOV .08 Proteolytic Enzymes (Part C) Edited by OLZSAL DNAROL EMULOV .18 Biomembranes (Part H: Visual Pigments and Purple Mem- branes, I) Edited by RETSEL REKCAP EMULOV .28 Structural and Contractile Proteins (Part A: Extracellular Matrix) Edited by LEON W. CUNNINGHAM AND DIXIE W. FREDERIKSEN EMULOV .38 Complex Carbohydrates (Part D) Edited by ROTCIV GRUBSNIG EMULOV .48 Immunochemical Techniques (Part D: Selected Immunoassays) Edited by JOHN J. LANGONE AND HELEN VAN VUNAKIS EMULOV .58 Structural and Contractile Proteins (Part B: The Contractile Appara- tus and the Cytoskeleton) Edited by DIXIE W. NESKIREDERF DNA LEON W. MAHGNINNUC EMULOV .68 Prostaglandins and Arachidonate Metabolites Edited by WILLIAM E. M. SDNAL AND WILLIAM L. SMITH EMULOV .78 Enzyme Kinetics and Mechanism (Part C: Intermediates, Stereo- chemistry, and Rate Studies) Edited by DANIEL L. PURICH EMULOV .88 Biomembranes (Part I: Visual Pigments and Purple Mem- branes, II) Edited by RETSEL REKCAP EMULOV .98 Carbohydrate Metabolism (Part D) Edited by WILLIS A. WOOD EMULOV .09 Carbohydrate Metabolism (Part E) Edited by WILLIS A. WOOD xxii METHODS IN ENZYMOLOGY EMULOV .19 Enzyme Structure (Part I) Edited by C. H. W. HIRS DNA EGRES N. FFEHSAMIT EMULOV .29 Immunochemical Techniques (Part E: Monoclonal Antibodies and General Immunoassay Methods) Edited by JOHN J. LANGONE AND HELEN VAN VUNAKIS EMULOV .39 Immunochemical Techniques (Part F: Conventional Antibodies, Fc Receptors, and Cytotoxicity) Edited by JOHN J. LANGONE AND HELEN VAN VUNAKIS EMULOV .49 Polyamines Edited by HERBERT TABOR AND CELIA WHITE TABOR EMULOV .59 Cumulative Subject Index Volumes 61-74, 76-80 Edited by EDWARD A. DENNIS AND MARTHA G. DENNIS EMULOV .69 Biomembranes Part J: Membrane Biogenesis: Assembly and Tar- geting (General Methods; Eukaryotes) Edited by SIDNEY FLEISCHER AND BECCA FLEISCHER EMULOV .79 Biomembranes Part K: Membrane Biogenesis: Assembly and Tar- geting (Prokaryotes, Mitochondria, and Chloroplasts) Edited by SIDNEY FLEISCHER AND BECCA FLEISCHER EMULOV .89 Biomembranes (Part L: Membrane Biogenesis: Processing and Re- cycling) Edited by YENDIS FLEISCHER AND BECCA FLEISCHER EMULOV .99 Hormone Action (Part F: Protein Kinases) Edited by JACKIE D. CORBIN AND JOEL G. HARDMAN EMULOV 100. Recombinant DNA (Part B) Edited by RAY WU, LAWRENCE GROSSMAN, AND KtvtE MOLDAVE EMULOV 101. Recombinant DNA (Part C) Edited by RAY Wu, LAWRENCE ,NAMSSORG AND KIVIE MOLDAVE EMULOV 102. Hormone Action (Part G: Calmodulin and Calcium-Binding Pro- teins) Edited by YNOHTNA R. MEANS AND BERT W. O'MALLEY EMULOV 103. Hormone Action (Part H: Neuroendocrine Peptides) Edited by P. LEAHCIM NNOC EMULOV 104. Enzyme Purification and Related Techniques (Part C) Edited by MAILLIW I. YBOKAJ EMULOV 105. Oxygen Radicals in Biological Systems Edited by RETSEL REKCAP EMULOV 106. Posttranslational Modifications (Part A) Edited by FINN WOLD DNA KIVIE EVADLOM EMULOV 107. Posttranslational Modifications (Part B) Edited by FINN WoLD AND KIVIE MOLDAVE
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