Endowment Asset Management This page intentionally left blank Endowment Asset Management Investment Strategies in Oxford and Cambridge Shanta Acharya and Elroy Dimson 1 3 GreatClarendonStreet,Oxfordox26DP OxfordUniversityPressisadepartmentoftheUniversityofOxford. ItfurtherstheUniversity’sobjectiveofexcellenceinresearch,scholarship, andeducationbypublishingworldwidein OxfordNewYork Auckland CapeTown DaresSalaam HongKong Karachi KualaLumpur Madrid Melbourne MexicoCity Nairobi NewDelhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto Withofficesin Argentina Austria Brazil Chile CzechRepublic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore SouthKorea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam OxfordisaregisteredtrademarkofOxfordUniversityPress intheUKandincertainothercountries PublishedintheUnitedStates byOxfordUniversityPressInc.,NewYork ©ShantaAcharyaandElroyDimson,2007 Themoralrightsoftheauthorshavebeenasserted DatabaserightOxfordUniversityPress(maker) Firstpublished2007 Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced, storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans, withoutthepriorpermissioninwritingofOxfordUniversityPress, orasexpresslypermittedbylaw,orundertermsagreedwiththeappropriate reprographicsrightsorganization.Enquiriesconcerningreproduction outsidethescopeoftheaboveshouldbesenttotheRightsDepartment, OxfordUniversityPress,attheaddressabove Youmustnotcirculatethisbookinanyotherbindingorcover andyoumustimposethesameconditiononanyacquirer BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData Dataavailable LibraryofCongressCataloginginPublicationData Dataavailable TypesetbySPIPublisherServices,Pondicherry,India PrintedinGreatBritain onacid-freepaperby BiddlesLtd.,King’sLynnNorfolk ISBN 978–0–19–921091–6 1 3 5 7 9 10 8 6 4 2 Toourparents This page intentionally left blank Contents Acknowledgements ix ListofTables xii 1. Endowmentdefinition 1 2. Theinvestmentcommittee 50 3. Investmentobjective 69 4. Spendingpolicy 98 5. Assetallocation 121 6. Investinginproperty 160 7. Issuesinportfoliomanagement 185 8. Portfoliorisk 208 9. Consultantselectionandmonitoring 233 10. Managerselectionandmonitoring 244 11. Sociallyresponsibleinvestment 270 12. Performancemeasurement 284 13. Endowmentmanagementcost 301 14. Fund-raising:Roleofgifts 314 15. Concludingobservations 325 Notes 343 Bibliography 351 Index 355 vii This page intentionally left blank Acknowledgements Wewishtothankthemanyindividualswhoseencouragementandcontinued guidance convinced us to work on this book. Especially noteworthy were SirAlanBudd,DickBrealey,DrJeremyFairbrother,WillGoetzmann,Michael Gwinnell, Barry Hedley, John Kay, and Tom Seaman to whom we are very grateful.ThebursarialcommitteesatOxfordandCambridgeUniversities,led respectivelybyFrankMarshallandChristopherPratt,supportedusgenerously withtime,interest,andthoughtfulfeedback. In the course of our research numerous Oxford and Cambridge bursars and investment committee members spent time answering our questions, allowing us to record and analyse their responses in detail, and reviewing ourmeetingnotesaftereachinterview.Manyofthemcommentedonsucces- sive extracts and draft chapters, which was of particular help in developing and wording our analysis. We had valuable meetings with Professor Alison Richard and Dr John Hood, the Vice Chancellors of Cambridge and Oxford Universities,andtheirrespectivecolleagues. We would particularly like to express our gratitude to Stephen Barton (Jesus College), Nick Baskey (Pembroke College), Peter Brindle (Darwin Col- lege), Gale Bryan (Homerton College), Charles Crawford∗ (St Catharine’s College), Nick Downer (Selwyn College), Chris Ewbank (St John’s Col- lege), Dr Michael Gross (Emmanuel College), Donald Hearn (Clare College), Dr Peter Hutchinson (Trinity Hall), Dhiru Karia (Homerton College), David Kerr∗ (Robinson College), Charles Larkum (Sidney Sussex College), Dr Sue Lintott (Downing College), Deborah Lowther (Girton College), Dr Simon Mitton (St Edmund’s College), Andrew Murison∗ (Peterhouse), John Pegler∗ (TrinityHall),IanDuQuesnay(NewnhamCollege),DrGeorgeReid∗(StJohn’s College), JenniferRigby(ChurchillCollege),Dr JohnSeagrave (WolfsonCol- lege),AndrewThompson(MagdaleneCollege),JoannaWomack(ClareHall), Nick Wright (New Hall), and Dr Nigel Yandell (Corpus Christi College) in Cambridge. In Oxford, we would particularly like to express our gratitude to Roger Boden (Keble College), Dr Anthony Boyce (St John’s College), John Church ∗ Theseindividualswereinpostatthetimeofourmeetingswithinvestmentbursarsin OxfordandCambridge;theyhavenowretiredormovedontootherpositions. ix
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