MediaCenter.thieme.com plus e-content online Check out technique tutorial and case study videos online at MediaCenter.Thieme.com! Simply visit MediaCenter.Thieme.com and, when prompted during the registration process, enter the code below to get started today. Y45Q-36E6-24WV-L66Z Kim et. al, Endoscopic Spine Surgery, 2nd Ed. (ISBN 978-1-62623-264-8), copyright © 2018 Thieme Medical Publishers. All rights reserved. Usage subject to terms and conditions of license. Kim et. al, Endoscopic Spine Surgery, 2nd Ed. (ISBN 978-1-62623-264-8), copyright © 2018 Thieme Medical Publishers. All rights reserved. Usage subject to terms and conditions of license. Kim et. al, Endoscopic Spine Surgery, 2nd Ed. (ISBN 978-1-62623-264-8), copyright © 2018 Thieme Medical Publishers. All rights reserved. Usage subject to terms and conditions of license. Endoscopic Spine Surgery Second Edition Daniel H. Kim, MD, FAANS, FACS The Nancy, Clive, and Pierce Runnells Distinguished Chair in Neuroscience Professor, Director of Spinal Neurosurgery Reconstructive Peripheral Nerve Surgery Director of Microsurgical Robotic Lab Department of Neurosurgery University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Houston, Texas, USA Gun Choi, MD, PhD President Pohang Wooridul Hospital Pohang, South Korea Sang-Ho Lee, MD, PhD President and Chairman Wooridul Spine Hospital Seoul, South Korea Richard G. Fessler, MD, PhD Professor Department of Neurosurgery Rush University Medical Center Chicago, Illinois, USA 1,094 illustrations Thieme New York • Stuttgart • Delhi • Rio de Janeiro Kim et. al, Endoscopic Spine Surgery, 2nd Ed. (ISBN 978-1-62623-264-8), copyright © 2018 Thieme Medical Publishers. All rights reserved. Usage subject to terms and conditions of license. Executive Editor: Timothy Hiscock Important note: Medicine is an ever-changing science undergoing Managing Editor: J. Owen Zurhellen IV continual development. Research and clinical experience are con- Director, Editorial Services: Mary Jo Casey tinually expanding our knowledge, in particular our knowledge of Production Editor: Kenny Chumbley proper treatment and drug therapy. Insofar as this book mentions International Production Director: Andreas Schabert any dosage or application, readers may rest assured that the authors, Editorial Director: Sue Hodgson editors, and publishers have made every effort to ensure that such International Marketing Director: Fiona Henderson references are in accordance with the state of knowledge at the International Sales Director: Louisa Turrell time of production of the book. Director of Institutional Sales: Adam Bernacki Nevertheless, this does not involve, imply, or express any guar- Senior Vice President and Chief Operating Officer: Sarah Vanderbilt antee or responsibility on the part of the publishers in respect to any President: Brian D. Scanlan dosage instructions and forms of applications stated in the book. Ev- ery user is requested to examine carefully the manufacturers’ leaf- lets accompanying each drug and to check, if necessary in consul- Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data tation with a physician or specialist, whether the dosage schedules Names: Kim, Daniel H., editor. | Choi, Gun, editor. | mentioned therein or the contraindications stated by the manufactur- Lee, Sang-Ho, editor. | Fessler, Richard G., editor. ers differ from the statements made in the present book. Such exam- Title: Endoscopic spine surgery / [edited by] Daniel H. Kim, Gun Choi, ination is particularly important with drugs that are either rarely used Sang-Ho Lee, Richard G. Fessler. or have been newly released on the market. Every dosage schedule Other titles: Endoscopic spine surgery and instrumentation. or every form of application used is entirely at the user’s own risk Description: Second edition. | New York : Thieme, [2018] | and responsibility. The authors and publishers request every user to Preceded by: Endoscopic spine surgery and instrumentation / report to the publishers any discrepancies or inaccuracies noticed. If [edited by] Daniel H. Kim, Richard G. Fessler, John J. Regan. errors in this work are found after publication, errata will be posted Identifiers: LCCN 2017039372| ISBN 9781626232648 (hardcover) | at www.thieme.com on the product description page. ISBN 9781626232655 (eBook) Some of the product names, patents, and registered designs re- Subjects: | MESH: Spine--surgery | Endoscopy--methods ferred to in this book are in fact registered trademarks or proprietary Classification: LCC RD533 | NLM WE 725 | DDC 617.5/60597--dc23 names even though specific reference to this fact is not always made LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017039372 in the text. Therefore, the appearance of a name without designation as proprietary is not to be construed as a representation by the pub- lisher that it is in the public domain. © 2018 Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. Thieme Publishers New York 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001 USA +1 800 782 3488, [email protected] Thieme Publishers Stuttgart Rüdigerstrasse 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany +49 [0]711 8931 421, [email protected] Thieme Publishers Delhi A-12, Second Floor, Sector-2, Noida-201301 Uttar Pradesh, India +91 120 45 566 00, [email protected] Thieme Publishers Rio de Janeiro, Thieme Publicações Ltda. Edifício Rodolpho de Paoli, 25º̲ andar Av. Nilo Peçanha, 50 – Sala 2508 Rio de Janeiro 20020-906, Brasil +55 21 3172 2297 Cover design: Thieme Publishing Group Typesetting by Prairie Papers This book, including all parts thereof, is legally protected by copy- Printed in China by Everbest Printing Co. right. Any use, exploitation, or commercialization outside the nar- row limits set by copyright legislation without the publisher’s con- ISBN 978-1-62623-264-8 sent is illegal and liable to prosecution. This applies in particular to photostat reproduction, copying, mimeographing or duplication of Also available as an e-book: any kind, translating, preparation of microfilms, and electronic data eISBN 978-1-62623-265-5 processing and storage. Kim et. al, Endoscopic Spine Surgery, 2nd Ed. (ISBN 978-1-62623-264-8), copyright © 2018 Thieme Medical Publishers. All rights reserved. Usage subject to terms and conditions of license. To my wife Anslie and to my children Elise, Rebecca, Sarah, and Isaiah. —Daniel H. Kim, MD, FAANS, FACS I would like to acknowledge my colleagues Alfonso Garcia, Akarawit Asawasaksakul, Ketan Dilip Deshpande, Chetan Pophale, and Leo Acedillo, who helped me to write this book, along with my always supportive family, my spouse and two sons, GangHyuk and Gangwoo. I would also like to express my sincere gratitude to Daniel Kim for bestowing upon me the opportunity to be part of this book. —Gun Choi, MD, PhD I dedicate this book to my patients to whom I have given myself to lovingly learn and do all I can to treat their spinal disorder. —Sang-Ho Lee, MD, PhD This book is dedicated to all the pioneers who continue to look for ways to improve the care and outcome of their patients. —Richard G. Fessler, MD, PhD Kim et. al, Endoscopic Spine Surgery, 2nd Ed. (ISBN 978-1-62623-264-8), copyright © 2018 Thieme Medical Publishers. All rights reserved. Usage subject to terms and conditions of license. Kim et. al, Endoscopic Spine Surgery, 2nd Ed. (ISBN 978-1-62623-264-8), copyright © 2018 Thieme Medical Publishers. All rights reserved. Usage subject to terms and conditions of license. Contents Video Menu ...................................................................................................................................................................x Preface ........................................................................................................................................................................xiii Contributors ...............................................................................................................................................................xv 1 Applied Anatomy and Percutaneous Approaches to the Lumbar Spine .............................................................1 Alfonso García, Akarawit Asawasaksakul, and Gun Choi 2 Percutaneous Endoscopic Lumbar Diskectomy: Transforaminal Approach ..................................................11 Akarawit Asawasaksakul, Ketan Deshpande, Gun Choi, and Alfonso García 3 Percutaneous Endoscopic Lumbar Diskectomy: Extraforaminal Approach ...................................................17 Akarawit Asawasaksakul, Alfonso García, and Gun Choi 4 Percutaneous Endoscopic Lumbar Diskectomy for Migrated Lumbar Disk Herniation ..............................23 Akarawit Asawasaksakul, Gun Choi, and Ketan Deshpande 5 Percutaneous Endoscopic Lumbar Diskectomy with Foraminotomy ..............................................................31 Akarawit Asawasaksakul, Gun Choi, and Alfonso García 6 Surgical Technique for Percutaneous Endoscopic Laser Annuloplasty/Nucleoplasty .................................37 Akarawit Asawasaksakul and Gun Choi 7 Interlaminar Surgical Approach for Percutaneous Endoscopic Laser Annuloplasty/Nucleoplasty .........43 Akarawit Asawasaksakul, Alfonso García, Ketan Deshpande, and Gun Choi 8 Percutaneous Endoscopic Interlaminar Lumbar Diskectomy: Structural Preservation Technique for L5-S1 Herniated Nucleus Pulposus .................................................................................................51 Hyeun Sung Kim, Ji Soo Jang, Il Tae Jang, Sung Hoon Oh, and Chang Il Ju 9 Percutaneous Endoscopic Decompressive Laminectomy and Foraminotomy ..............................................67 Gun Choi, Ketan Deshpande, and Akarawit Asawasaksakul 10 Unilateral Biportal Endoscopic Decompression for Lumbar Spinal Stenosis .................................................75 Jin Hwa Eum, Sang Kyu Son, Ketan Deshpande, and Alfonso García 11 Percutaneous Unilateral Biportal Endoscopic Diskectomy and Decompression for Lumbar Degenerative Disease .....................................................................................................................................................81 Dong Hwa Heo, Jin Hwa Eum, and Sang Kyu Son 12 Transforaminal Epiduroscopic Laser Annuloplasty for Diskogenic Pain .........................................................89 Victor Lo, Jongsun Lee, Ashley E. Brown, Alissa Redko, and Daniel H. Kim 13 Tubular Endoscopic Lumbar Laminoforaminotomy and Diskectomy [1] .......................................................97 Mick Perez-Cruet and Mengqiao Alan Xi 14 Tubular Endoscopic Lumbar Laminoforaminotomy and Diskectomy [2] .....................................................103 Joachim M. Oertel and Benedikt W. Burkhardt 15 Tubular Lumbar Decompressive Laminectomy and Foraminotomy ..............................................................109 Mengqiao Alan Xi and Mick Perez-Cruet 16 Tubular Endoscopic Lumbar Hemilaminectomy and Foraminotomy ............................................................117 Benedikt W. Burkhardt and Joachim M. Oertel 17 Ultrasonic Bone Dissectors in Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery ...................................................................123 Shrinivas M. Rohidas 18 Minimally Invasive Tubular Decompression for Foraminal Stenosis .............................................................131 Jung-Woo Hur and Jin-Sung Luke Kim Kim et. al, Endoscopic Spine Surgery, 2nd Ed. (ISBN 978-1-62623-264-8), copyright © 2018 Thieme Medical Publishers. vii All rights reserved. Usage subject to terms and conditions of license. Contents 19 Destandau's Technique: Interlaminar Approach (Lumbar Diskectomy with Canal Decompression) ...139 Shrinivas M. Rohidas 20 Endoscopic Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion and Instrumentation .............................................147 Faheem A. Sandhu 21 Endoscopic/Percutaneous Lumbar Pedicle Screw Fixation Technique ..........................................................155 Faheem A. Sandhu, Josh Ryan, and R. Tushar Jha 22 360° Endoscopically Assisted Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion ................163 Alvaro Dowling, Sebastián Casanueva Eliceiry, Gabriela C. Chica Heredia, and Jonathan S. Schuldt 23 Percutaneous Translaminar and Ipsilateral Facet Fixation Technique ..........................................................173 Ricardo B. V. Fontes and Richard G. Fessler 24 Direct Lateral Endoscopic Lumbar Interbody Fusion and Instrumentation ................................................177 Jin-Sung Luke Kim and Choon Keun Park 25 Endoscopic Removal of Intradural Extramedullary Space-Occupying Lesions ...........................................183 Shrinivas M. Rohidas 26 Laparoscope- and Endoscope-Assisted Oblique Lumbar Interbody Fusion .................................................187 Ji-Hoon Seong and Jin-Sung Luke Kim 27 Endoscopic Radiofrequency Denervation for Treatment of Chronic Low Back Pain .................................199 Won-Suh Choi and Jin-Sung Luke Kim 28 Video Telescope Operating Monitor for Spine Surgery ......................................................................................203 Doniel Drazin and Adam N. Mamelak 29 Applied Anatomy and Percutaneous Approaches to the Thoracic Spine ......................................................209 Gun Choi, Alfonso García, Ketan Deshpande, and Akarawit Asawasaksakul 30 Surgical Techniques in Percutaneous Endoscopic Thoracic Diskectomy ......................................................215 Gun Choi, Akarawit Asawasaksakul, and Alfonso García 31 Posterolateral Endoscopic Thoracic Diskectomy .................................................................................................221 John C. Chiu 32 Tubular Endoscopic Transpedicular Diskectomy .................................................................................................231 Ricardo B. V. Fontes, Manish Kasliwal, John O’Toole, and Richard G. Fessler 33 Thoracoscopic Diskectomy .........................................................................................................................................235 Victor Lo, Alissa Redko, Ashley E. Brown, Daniel H. Kim, and J. Patrick Johnson 34 Tubular Endoscopic Thoracic Decompressive Laminectomy ............................................................................241 Ryan Khanna and Zachary A. Smith 35 Thoracoscopic Decompression and Fixation for Thoracic and Thoracolumbar Junction Lesions .........245 Ricky Raj S. Kalra, Meic H. Schmidt, and Rudolf Beisse 36 Endoscopic Approaches to Thoracic Tumors, Trauma, and Infection ............................................................249 Christopher C. Gillis and John O’Toole 37 Thoracoscopic Approaches to Deformity Correction [1] ...................................................................................257 Leok-Lim Lau and Hee-Kit Wong 38 Thoracoscopic Approaches to Deformity Correction [2] ...................................................................................263 Rudolph J. Schrot and George D. Picetti III 39 Applied Anatomy for Percutaneous Approaches to the Cervical Spine .........................................................275 Gun Choi, Alfonso García, Akarawit Asawasaksakul, and Ketan Deshpande 40 An Endonasal Approach to the Craniocervical Junction ....................................................................................279 Juan Barges Coll, Luis Alberto Ortega-Porcayo, and Gabriel Armando Castillo Velázquez viii Kim et. al, Endoscopic Spine Surgery, 2nd Ed. (ISBN 978-1-62623-264-8), copyright © 2018 Thieme Medical Publishers. All rights reserved. Usage subject to terms and conditions of license.