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ENDOPHYTE BIOLOGY Recent Findings from the Kashmir Himalayas ENDOPHYTE BIOLOGY Recent Findings from the Kashmir Himalayas Edited by Zahoor Ahmed Wani, PhD Masroor Qadri, PhD Palak Arora, PhD Khalid Rehman Hakeem, PhD First edition published 2023 Apple Academic Press Inc. CRC Press 1265 Goldenrod Circle, NE, 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Palm Bay, FL 32905 USA Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 USA 760 Laurentian Drive, Unit 19, 4 Park Square, Milton Park, Burlington, ON L7N 0A4, CANADA Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN UK © 2023 by Apple Academic Press, Inc. Apple Academic Press exclusively co-publishes with CRC Press, an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, LLC Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the authors, editors, and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. 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For works that are not available on CCC please contact [email protected] Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication Title: Endophyte biology : recent findings from the Kashmir Himalayas / edited by Zahoor Ahmed Wani, PhD, Masroor Qadri, PhD, Palak Arora, PhD, Khalid Rehman Hakeem, PhD. Names: Wani, Zahoor Ahmed, editor. | Qadri, Masroor, editor. | Arora, Palak, editor. | Hakeem, Khalid Rehman, editor. Description: First edition. | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: Canadiana (print) 20220200343 | Canadiana (ebook) 20220200378 | ISBN 9781774638323 (hardcover) | ISBN 9781774638330 (softcover) | ISBN 9781003277262 (ebook) Subjects: LCSH: Endophytes—India—Jammu and Kashmir. Classification: LCC QR351 .E53 2023 | DDC 579/.17095463—dc23 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data CIP data on file with US Library of C o ngress ISBN: 978-1-77463-832-3 (hbk) ISBN: 978-1-77463-833-0 (pbk) ISBN: 978-1-00327-726-2 (ebk) This book is dedicated to Sheikh ul Alam, Sheikh Noor Ud din Noorani (Nund Reshi). Nund Reshi was the spiritual leader of Kashmir. His famous quote about the nature and food security is “An poshi teli yeli wan poshi” (Food will suffice only till the forests survive). About the Editors Zahoor Ahmed Wani, PhD Zahoor Ahmed Wani, PhD, is working as Assistant Professor in the Department of Botany at Govern ment Degree College Kishtwar, Jammu & Kashmir, India. His research specialization is in plant microbe interactions with special focus on understanding the basic intricacies of plant-endophyte associations and the ways to modulate them for desired purposes. His work has been published in peer-reviewed quality journals, including Nature-Scientific Reports, Fungal Biology, and RSC Advances. He has a book and a book chapter to his credit as well. Dr. Wani is associated with many NGOs as an advisor/technical expert and is working on various issues related to education, environment, and social transformation in rural areas of J&K state, India. Dr. Wani qualified National Eligibility Test securing 47th rank and was awarded a Junior Research Fellowship by the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research to pursue his research career and was awarded a PhD degree in 2017 by the Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), India. Masroor Qadri, PhD Masroor Qadri, PhD, is working as a Postdoctoral Research Associate in the Entomology and Nema tology Department, University of Florida, USA. Her research work was on bioprospecting endophytic fungi for bioactive metabolites, characterizing biosyn thetic pathway genes and their epigenetic modulation for increased metabolite production in microbes. Dr. Qadri has published her research work in reputed journals and has a book chapter to her credit as well. She was awarded her doctorate in 2015 by Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi, India. After completing her doctorate, she joined University of Brasilia, Brazil as a Post doctoral Research Associate in 2015 and worked there for one year before shifting to USA. viii About the Editors Palak Arora, PhD Palak Arora, PhD, joined CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR-IIIM), Jammu, as a Junior Research Fellow and was awarded a PhD Degree in 2019 by the Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), India. She completed her BTech (Biotechnology) at SMVD University in 2013, where she secured first position and was awarded an INSPIRE Fellowship by the Department of Biotechnology, Government of India, to pursue her research career. Dr. Palak worked on culturable endophytes of Glycyrrhiza glabra and studied their bioactive potential and functional characterization. Dr. Palak also worked on endohyphal bacterial associations. She has published her research work in leading journals and has a book chapter to her credit. She has received many awards including the INSPIRE award during her short research career. Khalid Rehman Hakeem, PhD Khalid Rehman Hakeem, PhD, is Professor at King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. After completing his doctorate (botany; specialization in plant eco-physiology and molecular biology) from Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India, he worked as a lecturer at the University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India. At Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia, he was a Postdoctorate Fellow and Fellow Researcher (Associate Professor) for several years. Dr. Hakeem has more than 10 years of teaching and research experience in plant eco-physiology, biotechnology and molecular biology, medicinal plant research, plant-microbe-soil interactions, as well as in environmental studies. He is the recipient of several fellowships at both national and international levels. He has served as a visiting scientist at Jinan University, Guangzhou, China. Currently, he is involved with a number of international research projects with different government organizations. To date, Dr. Hakeem has authored and edited more than 35 books with international publishers. He also has to his credit more than 80 research publications in peer-reviewed international journals and 55 book chapters in edited volumes with international publishers. At present, Dr. Hakeem serves as an editorial board member and reviewer for several high-impact international scientific journals. He is included in the About the Editors ix advisory board of Cambridge Scholars Publishing, UK. He is also a fellow of the Plantae group of the American Society of Plant Biologists, member of the World Academy of Sciences, member of the International Society for Development and Sustainability, Japan, and member of the Asian Federation of Biotechnology, Korea.