Endocrinology of Physical Activity and Sport: Second Edition PDF
Preview Endocrinology of Physical Activity and Sport: Second Edition
Contemporary Endocrinology Series Editor: P. Michael Conn Naama Constantini Anthony C. Hackney Editors Endocrinology of Physical Activity and Sport Second Edition CONTEMPORARY ENDOCRINOLOGY Series Editor: P. Michael Conn, PhD Oregon Health & Science University Beaverton, OR, USA For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/7680 Endocrinology of Physical Activity and Sport Second Edition Edited by Naama Constantini Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sport Medicine Center, The Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel Anthony C. Hackney Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA Editors Naama Constantini Anthony C. Hackney Department of Orthopedic Surgery Applied Physiology Laboratory Sport Medicine Center Department of Exercise and Sport Science The Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center University of North Carolina Jerusalem, Israel Chapel Hill, NC, USA ISBN 978-1-62703-313-8 ISBN 978-1-62703-314-5 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-62703-314-5 Springer New York Heidelberg Dordrecht London Library of Congress Control Number: 2013932009 © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2013 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is con- cerned, speci fi cally the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on micro fi lms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied speci fi cally for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a speci fi c statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Printed on acid-free paper Humana Press is a brand of Springer Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) PREFACE The preface to a book should give an account of its genesis. The fi rst edition of the present publication, Sports Endocrinology (Michelle P. Warren and Naama Constantini, editors, 2000), offered one of the fi rst incursions into a novel topic. It answered a recognized need and was well received by the scienti fi c community. Since then 12 years have elapsed and certain changes (title of the book, editorship, authorship of new chapters) have imposed themselves. The focus of the work however has remained the same: an insightful discussion of the key elements of endocrinology as they relate to physical activity, exercise, and sport. Including essential topics such as endocrine assessment methodology, the study of endocrine systems that relate to exercise performance, growth, development, and health is among the issues explored—not least aspects of the practice of doping which continues to be an affront to all athletes who compete honestly. The editors are profoundly grateful to the contributors that have made this volume what it is. Their scholarship, scienti fi c devotion, and professionalism not only re fl ect the present state of knowledge but will undoubtedly serve as a stimulus for further advances in a constantly chal- lenging subject. Jerusalem, Israel Naama Constantini Chapel Hill, NC, USA Anthony C. Hackney v CONTENTS Preface ................................................................................................................. v Contributors ........................................................................................................ ix 1 Methodological Considerations in Exercise Endocrinology ................ 1 Anthony C. Hackney and Abbie E. Smith-Ryan 2 Exercise and Endogenous Opiates .......................................................... 21 Allan H. Goldfarb 3 The Effect of Exercise on the Hypothalamic–Pituitary– Adrenal Axis ........................................................................................... 37 David H. St-Pierre and Denis Richard 4 Impact of Chronic Training on Pituitary Hormone Secretion in the Human .......................................................................................... 49 Johannes D. Veldhuis and Kohji Yoshida 5 Exercise and the GH–IGF-I Axis .............................................................. 69 Alon Eliakim and Dan Nemet 6 Exercise and Thyroid Function ................................................................ 85 Joanna Klubo-Gwiezdzinska, Victor J. Bernet, and Leonard Wartofsky 7 The Male Reproductive System, Exercise, and Training: Endocrine Adaptations .......................................................................... 121 Fabio Lanfranco and Marco Alessandro Minetto 8 Exercise and the Hypothalamus. Ovulatory Adaptations ................... 133 Moira A. Petit and Jerilynn C. Prior 9 Adrenergic Regulation of Energy Metabolism ...................................... 167 Michael Kjær and Kai Lange 10 Energy Balance and Weight Control (Male and Female): Considerations ........................................................................................ 175 Kristin Ondrak 11 Exercise Training in the Normal Female: Effects of Low Energy Availability on Reproductive Function ............................................... 185 Anne B. Loucks 12 Ghrelin Responses to Acute Exercise and Training ............................... 207 Jaak Jürimäe and Toivo Jürimäe 13 Hormonal Regulation of Fluid and Electrolyte Homeostasis During Exercise ...................................................................................... 221 Charles E. Wade 14 Hormonal Regulations of the Effects of Exercise on Bone: Positive and Negative Effects ............................................................... 245 Philip D. Chilibeck vii viii Contents 15 Interrelations Between Acute and Chronic Exercise Stress and the Immune and Endocrine Systems ........................................... 259 Jonathan Peake 16 Effects of Female Reproductive Hormones on Sports Performance ............................................................................................ 281 Constance M. Lebrun, Sarah M. Joyce, and Naama Constantini 17 Exercise and Pregnancy: Hormonal Considerations ............................ 323 R. Carlton Bessinger 18 Vitamin D and Exercise Performance ..................................................... 339 Joi J. Thomas and D. Enette Larson-Meyer 19 The Effects of Altitude on the Hormonal Response to Physical Exercise ................................................................................ 363 Andrea Benso, N. Prencipe, Stellina Di Giacomo, Fabio Lanfranco, and Silvia Grottoli 20 An Introduction to Circadian Endocrine Physiology: Implications for Exercise and Sports Performance ........................... 385 Olaoluwa Okusaga and Teodor T. Postolache 21 Physical Activity and Mood. The Endocrine Connection .................... 405 Gal Dubnov and Elliot M. Berry 22 Endocrine Responses to Acute and Chronic Exercise in the Developing Child ........................................................................ 417 Daniela A. Rubin, James J. Tufano, and Robert G. McMurray 23 Exercise in Older Adults: The Effect of Age on Exercise Endocrinology ........................................................................................ 437 Jennifer L. Copeland 24 Oncology Patients and Aerobic Exercise: Immune System, Endocrine System, and Soluble Factor Responses ............................ 461 Elizabeth S. Evans and Claudio L. Battaglini 25 Diabetes and Exercise ................................................................................ 501 Pierpaolo De Feo, Cristina Fatone, Claudia Mazzeschi, and Dalila Battistini 26 Extreme Sports and Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: An Oxymoron or a Growing Reality? ............................................................................ 513 Karen Tordjman, Anthony C. Hackney, and Naama Constantini 27 The Endocrine System in Overtraining .................................................. 523 Ann C. Snyder and Anthony C. Hackney 28 Hormones as Performance-Enhancing Agents ...................................... 535 Erick J. Richmond and Alan D. Rogol Index .................................................................................................................... 547 CONTRIBUTORS CLAUDIO L. BATTAGLINI (cid:129) Department of Exercise and Sport Science, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , NC , USA DALILA BATTISTINI (cid:129) CURIAMO Healthy Lifestyle Institute, University of Perugia , Perugia , Italy ANDREA BENSO (cid:129) Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin , Turin , Italy VICTOR J. BERNET (cid:129) Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine , Mayo Clinic Jacksonville , Jacksonville , FL , USA ELLIOT M. BERRY (cid:129) Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolism , Braun School of Public Health, WHO Collaborating Centre for Capacity Building in Public Health , Jerusalem , Israel R. CARLTON BESSINGER (cid:129) Department of Human Nutrition , Winthrop University , Rock Hill , SC , USA PHILIP D. CHILIBECK (cid:129) College of Kinesiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada NAAMA W. CONSTANTINI (cid:129) Department of Orthopedic Surgery , Sport Medicine Center, The Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center , Jerusalem , Israel JENNIFER L. COPELAND (cid:129) Department of Kinesiology , University of Lethbridge , Lethbridge , AB , Canada PIERPAOLO DE FEO (cid:129) CURIAMO Healthy Lifestyle Institute, University of Perugia , Perugia , Italy STELLINA DI GIACOMO (cid:129) Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin , Turin , Italy GAL DUBNOV (cid:129) Department of Exercise, Nutrition, and Lifestyle Clinic , The Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, Sheba Medical Center , Tel Hashomer , Israel ALON ELIAKIM (cid:129) Department of Pediatrics , Sackler School of Medicine, Meir Medical Center, Tel-Aviv University , Kfar-Saba , Israel ELIZABETH S. EVANS (cid:129) Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , NC , USA CRISTINA FATONE (cid:129) CURIAMO Healthy Lifestyle Institute, University of Perugia , Perugia , Italy ALLAN H. GOLDFARB (cid:129) Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro , Greensboro , NC , USA SILVIA GROTTOLI (cid:129) Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin , Turin , Italy ANTHONY C. HACKNEY (cid:129) Applied Physiology Laboratory , Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill , NC , USA SARAH M. JOYCE (cid:129) Grif fi th Health Institute , Gold Coast , QLD , Australia JAAK JÜRIMÄE (cid:129) Institute of Sport Pedagogy and Coaching Sciences, University of Tartu , Tartu , Estonia ix
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