Endocrinology in Clinical Practice PDF
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Prelims 9/9/02 12:29 pm Page i Endocrinology in Clinical Practice Prelims 9/9/02 12:29 pm Page ii Philip E Harris trained in endocrinology at St Bartholomew’s Hospital, London and The University of Newcastle upon Tyne. In 1990-91, Dr Harris worked as an MRC Travelling Fellow at the Endocrine and Reproductive Endocrine Units, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA. In 1994, he was appointed Senior Lecturer and Consultant Endocrinologist at King’s College Hospital, London. His main clinical and research inter- est is in the field of endocrine oncology, in particular pituitary disease. In April 2001, Dr Harris was appointed Medical Director in Adult Endocrinology Europe, Pharmacia Corporation. He also holds an Honorary Consultant appoint- ment in Endocrinology at St Bartholomew’s Hospital, London. Pierre-Marc G Bouloux is presently Director of the Centre for Neuroendocrinology at the Royal Free and University College of Medicine Schools. He was an MRC Training Fellow under Michael Besser at St Bartholomew’s Hospital, London and was subsequently Lecturer in Medicine at the University Department of Medicine at St Bartholomew’s. He has held his present post since 1991 and in addition to running a clinical service, he has a special interest in neuroendocrinology. He has published over 150 peer-reviewed publications. Beverly MK Biller is an associate professor of Medicine at Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts and on the staff of Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. She is a supervising physician in the multidisciplinary Neuroendocrine Clinical Center there, and an attending physician on the Endocrinology Consultation Service at Massachusetts General Hospital, where she also serves as Director of the Clinical Fellowship in Endocrinology. Dr. Biller is an associate editor of Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. Research interests include neuroendocrine causes of osteoporosis, hormone-secreting pituitary adenomas, and growth hormone deficiency in adults. Prelims 9/9/02 12:29 pm Page iii Endocrinology in Clinical Practice Philip E Harris Honorary Consultant Endocrinologist St Bartholomew’s Hospital London UK Pierre-Marc G Bouloux Director, Centre for Neuroendocrinology Royal Free and University College of Medicine Schools London UK Editors Beverly MK Biller Neuroendocrine Unit Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA USA Associate Editor Foreword by Larry Jameson Chief, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine Northwestern University Chicago IL USA iii CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 © 2002 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business No claim to original U.S. Government works Version Date: 20130703 International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4822-2534-1 (eBook - PDF) This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. While all reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, neither the author[s] nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibil- ity or liability for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publishers wish to make clear that any views or opinions expressed in this book by individual editors, authors or contributors are personal to them and do not necessarily reflect the views/opinions of the publishers. The information or guidance contained in this book is intended for use by medical, scientific or health-care professionals and is provided strictly as a supplement to the medical or other professional’s own judgement, their knowledge of the patient’s medical history, relevant manufacturer’s instructions and the appropriate best practice guidelines. Because of the rapid advances in medical science, any information or advice on dosages, procedures or diagnoses should be independently verified. The reader is strongly urged to consult the drug companies’ printed instruc- tions, and their websites, before administering any of the drugs recommended in this book. This book does not indicate whether a particular treatment is appropriate or suitable for a particular individual. Ultimately it is the sole responsibility of the medical professional to make his or her own professional judgements, so as to advise and treat patients appropriately. The authors and publishers have also attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. If any copyright material has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any future reprint. Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmitted, or uti- lized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopy- ing, microfilming, and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers. For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, please access www.copyright.com (http://www. copyright.com/) or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978- 750-8400. CCC is a not-for-profit organization that provides licenses and registration for a variety of users. For organiza- tions that have been granted a photocopy license by the CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged. Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identi- fication and explanation without intent to infringe. Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at http://www.taylorandfrancis.com and the CRC Press Web site at http://www.crcpress.com Prelims 9/9/02 12:29 pm Page v Contents Contributors vii Foreword xi Preface xii 1. Interpretation of biochemical investigations Joan Butler 2. Genetic mechanisms of pituitary and thyroid neoplasia Philip E Harris 3. Neuroendocrine disease Philip E Harris 4. Growth and growth disorders John Miell, Annice Mukherjee 5. Carcinoma of the thyroid Philip E Harris 6. Multiple endocrine neoplasia Bin Tean Teh, Catharina Larsson 7. Amenorrhea and infertility Beverley Vollenhoven, Henry Burger 8. Hypogonadism, erectile dysfunction and infertility in men Shalender Bhasin, Atam B Singh, Charles E Fisher 9. Hirsutism and virilization Frances J Hayes, Janet E Hall 10. Autoimmune disease Anthony P Weetman 11. Non-autoimmune thyroid disease Soo-Mi Park, Luca Persani, Paolo Beck-Peccoz, Krishna Chatterjee 12. Multinodular goiter, toxic adenoma and thyroiditis Arie Berghout, Alex F Muller Prelims 9/9/02 12:29 pm Page vi 13. Calcium disorders and bone diseases Laura Masi, Alberto Falchetti, Luigi Gennari, Maria Luisa Brandi 14. Endocrinology and systemic disease R Andrew James, Richard Quinton, Steven G Ball 15. Disorders of fluid and electrolytes Pierre-Marc G Bouloux 16. Endocrine hypertension Jennifer E Lawrence, Robert G Dluhy 17. Obesity Pierre-Marc G Bouloux 18. Psychoneuroendocrinology Salim Janmohamed, Ashley B Grossman 19. Endocrine emergencies Victor HF Hung, John P Monson Appendix 1 Pituitary function testing William M Drake, Peter J Trainer Appendix 2 Pharmacopoeia Pierre-Marc G Bouloux and Jessica M Kubie Appendix 3 Reference values Index Prelims 9/9/02 12:29 pm Page vii Contributors Steven G Ball Krishna Chatterjee Senior Lecturer and Honorary Consultant Physician Professor, Department of Medicine The Endocrine Unit University of Cambridge Royal Victoria Infirmary Addenbrooke’s Hospital Newcastle-upon-Tyne Cambridge UK UK Paolo Beck-Peccoz Robert G Dluhy Institute of Endocrine Sciences Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School University of Milan Brigham and Women’s Hospital Milan Boston MA Italy USA Arie Berghout William M Drake MCRZ-Zuider Department of Endocrinology Rotterdam St Bartholomew’s and The Royal School of Medicine The Netherlands and Dentistry St Bartholomew’s Hospital Shalender Bhasin London Professor of Medicine UK UCLA School of Medicine Chief, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism Alberto Falchetti and Molecular Medicine Endocrinologist and Genetist Assistant in Research Charles R Drew University of Medicine and Science Department of Internal Medicine Los Angeles CA University of Florence USA Florence Italy Maria Luisa Brandi Full Professor of Endocrinology Charles E Fisher Department of Internal Medicine Charles R Drew University of Medicine and Science University of Florence Los Angeles CA Florence USA Italy Luigi Gennari Henry Burger Endocrinologist Assistant in Research Director, Prince Henry’s Institute of Medical Research Department of Internal Medicine at Monash Medical Centre University of Florence Clayton, Victoria Florence Australia Italy Joan Butler Ashley B Grossman Honorary Lecturer Professor of Neuroendocrinology Department of Clinical Biochemistry Department of Endocrinology Guy’s, King’s and St Thomas’ School of Medicine St Bartholomew’s Hospital London London UK UK Prelims 9/9/02 12:29 pm Page viii CONTRIBUTORS Janet E Hall Jennifer E Lawrence Assistant Professor in Medicine, Harvard Medical Brigham and Women’s Hospital School and Reproductive Endocrine Unit Boston MA National Center for Infertility Research USA Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA Laura Masi USA Department of Physiopathology Endocrine Unit Frances J Hayes University of Florence Instructor in Medicine, Harvard Medical School Florence and Reproductive Endocrine Unit Italy National Center for Infertility Research Massachusetts General Hospital John Miell Boston MA Senior Lecturer & Consultant Physician USA Guy’s, King’s and St Thomas’ School of Medicine London Victor HF Hung UK Department of Endocrinology St Bartholomew’s and The Royal School of Medicine John P Monson and Dentistry Department of Endocrinology St Bartholomew’s Hospital St Bartholomew’s and The Royal School of Medicine London and Dentistry UK St Bartholomew’s Hospital London R Andrew James UK Consultant Physician & Senior Lecturer The Endocrine Unit Annice Mukherjee Royal Victoria Infirmary Registrar in Endocrinology Newcastle-upon-Tyne Christie Hospital UK Manchester UK Salim Janmohamed Lecturer in Medicine Alex F Muller Department of Endocrinology Hôpital Cantonal Universitaire St Bartholomew’s Hospital Geneva and Department of Medicine Switzerland Salisbury District Hospital Salisbury Soo-Mi Park UK Department of Medicine University of Cambridge Jessica M Kubie Addenbrooke’s Hospital University of London Cambridge UK London UK Luca Persani Institute of Endocrine Sciences Catharina Larsson University of Milan Department of Molecular Medicine Milan Karolinska Hospital Italy Stockholm Sweden Prelims 9/9/02 12:29 pm Page ix CONTRIBUTORS Richard Quinton Peter J Trainer Consultant Physician and Senior Lecturer Christie Hospital The Endocrine Unit Manchester Royal Victoria Infirmary UK Newcastle-upon-Tyne UK Beverly Vollenhoven Senior Lecturer Atam B Singh Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology Charles R Drew University of Medicine and Science Monash Medical Centre Los Angeles CA Clayton, Victoria USA Australia Bin Tean Teh Anthony P Weetman Senior Principal Investigator Section of Medicine Laboratory of Cancer Genetics Division of Clinical Sciences (North) Van Andel Research Institute Northern General Hospital Grand Rapids MI Sheffield USA UK Prelims 9/9/02 12:29 pm Page xi Foreword The practice of endocrinology is based upon a solid foundation of genetics, biochemistry, cell signaling, and physiology. In most cases, the clinical manifestations of hormonal disorders can be explained by understanding the physiologic role of hormones - whether deficient or excessive. The conceptual framework for understanding hormone secretion, hormone action, and principles of feedback control allows the practitioner to design a logical diagnostic approach using appropriate laboratory testing and/or imaging studies. This body of knowledge arms the clinician with abundant evidence for decision-making and makes endocrinology a rewarding field for clinical practice. Like most fields of medicine, the knowledge base in endocrinology is changing rapidly. In addition to the dramatic advances generated from genetics and molecular biology, the field has benefited from the introduction of an unprecedented number of new drugs, particularly for the management of diabetes and osteoporosis. Common diseases like diabetes, hypertension, obesity, osteoporosis, and polycystic ovarian syndrome have also been the subject of numerous large-scale clinical trials that provide powerful evidence for medical decision-making. These rapid changes in endocrinology mandate that physicians continuously update their knowledge base and clinical skills. Endocrinology in Clinical Practice is a valuable and practical resource for continuing education and patient management. The chapters are based on common clinical presentations, such as Obesity, Hirsutism and Virilization, Carcinoma of the Thyroid, and Endocrine Emergencies. In addition to consultations for these and other specific endocrine diseases, we are often called upon to provide advice about hormone aberrations or electrolyte management in complex clinical situations. The chapters on Endocrinology and Systemic Disease, Disorders of Fluids and Electrolytes, and Psychoneuroendocrinology exemplify how the book is in synch with clinical practice. The appendices summarizing Pituitary Function Testing and Pharmacopoeia provide a wealth of practical information that should be kept close at hand in the clinic. The book also places special emphasis on how new insights into molecular medicine can enhance our understanding of disease pathogenesis. As examples, the chapters on Genetic Mechanisms of Pituitary and Thyroid Neoplasia, Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia, and several others are timely reviews of these rapidly developing fields. The authors are a highly select international group of authorities, chosen for their expertise and writing skills. The illustrations are uniformly clear and the book is greatly enriched by numerous photomicrographs of patients and radiologic images using CT and MRI. Endocrinology in Clinical Practice is current, authoritative, and practical. The student, general practitioner, and endocrine specialist will each use this book to improve the care of patients with hormonal disorders. J. Larry Jameson, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
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