Table Of Content

Cumulative Index 1991 Volume 20 March PUBERTY AND ITs DISORDERS, pages 1—245 June NEW ASPECTS OF ADRENAL CORTICAL DISEASE, pages 247-452 September ENDOCRINE MANIFESTATIONS OF SYSTEMIC DISEASE, pages 453-680 December STEROID HORMONES: SYNTHESIS, METABOLISM, AND ACTION IN HEALTH AND DISEASE, pages 681-940 Note: Page numbers of issue and article titles are in boldface type. Acromegaly, extrapituitary, 507-518 adrenocorticotropin and lipotropin criteria for diagnosis of ectopic hormone levels, 339 syndrome, 507-508 CBH stimulation tests, 338-339 differential diagnosis, 514-515 dexamethasone suppression, 339-340 growth hormone (GH) secretion, 508-514 DHEA-sulfate, 341 acromegaloidism, 513 ectopic ACTH sources, 343 GH hypersecretion, 512-513 metyrapone testing, 341-342 peripheral GH-secreting tumors, petrosal sinus sampling, 342-343 512-513 salivary cortisol levels, 340-341 urinary free cortisol, 338 pituitary adenoma, 512 GHBH hypersecretion, 509-512 radiologic studies, 343 neoplasms, 324-334 diagnosis, 511-512 adenomas, silent corticotroph cell, 331- hypothalamic GHRH production, 332 509-510 carcinoma, 330-331 peripheral GHRH production, 510- childhood presentations, 329 dll corticotroph hyperplasia, primary, 330 treatment, 512 cosecretion of other hormones, 333-334 McCune-Albright syndrome, 513-514 Cushing's disease, 324-325 multiple endocrine neoplasia, 514 cyclic, 325 ACTH, adrenal androgen control, 405 macronodulat adrenocortical hyperpla- ectopic secretion, 371-379 sia, 332-333 diagnosis, 373-375 Nelson’s syndrome, 326-328 neoplasm types, 371-373 “normal” pituitary tissue, 330 pathogenesis, 376-377 normal physiology of ACTH secretion, treatment, 376 319-322 See also Proopiomelanocortin peptides. pathogenesis of formation, 334-337 ACTH-producing pituitary tumors, 319-362 signs and symptoms, 322-324 diagnostic methods, 337-343 treatment, 344-347 biochemical studies, 337-343 medical, 346-347 926 CUMULATIVE INDEX 1991 ACTH-producing pituitary tumors (Continued) ACTH control, 405 radiation, 345-346 ACTH/androgen dissociation, 405-413 surgical, 344-345 biologic effects, 386-397 Addison’s disease, autoimmunity, 626-627, control by factors other than ACTH, 636 413-417 Adenomas, adrenal, 770 genetic factors, 404 aldosterone-producing, 248-249 metabolism, 382-383, 401-404 pituitary, 462-463 protein binding, 381 GH hypersecretion, 512 synthesis regulation, 384-385 gonadotroph cell, 529-530 tissue distribution, 386 silent corticotroph-cell, 331-332 congenital hyperplasia (21—hydroxylase Adolescence, delayed puberty in males, 48- deficiency), 277-296, 721-749 50 genetics, 281-282 Adrenal glands, in AIDS and drug hydroxylation mechanism, 282-289 addiction, 660-663 3B-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase androgens, drug effects, 397 deficiency, 729-730 lipoid, 727-729 insulin effects, 812-815 in prostate cancer, 846-849 long-term follow-up of patients, 289- autoimmunity. See Autoimmune polyen- 292 docrinopathy syndromes (APS). P450cl11 deficiency, 731-732 in sarcoidosis, 649 P450cl7 deficiency, 730-731 See also Adrenarche. pathophysiology, 277-281 cancer. See Cushing’s syndrome and ad- prenatal treatment, 292-293 renal cancer. treatment, 281 steroid-hormone producing tumors, 754- hormonal replacement therapy, 741-744 757 P450c21 (21—-hydroxylase) deficiency, 732- Adrenal cortical disease, 247-447 740 ACTH ectopic secretion, 371-379 clinical forms, 733-737 diagnosis, 373-375 genetics, 737-739 neoplasm types, 371-373 HLA locus, 739-740 pathogenesis, 376-377 incidence, 737 treatment, 376 pathophysiology, 732-733 ACTH-producing pituitary tumors, 319- prenatal diagnosis, 740-741 362 steroidogenesis, 721-726 diagnostic methods, 337-343 3B-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, neoplasms, 324-334 724 normal physiology of ACTH secretion, cholesterol synthesis, uptake, and stor- age, 721-723 319-322 pathogenesis of formation, 334-337 cytochrome P450, 723 signs and symptoms, 322-324 electron transport to P450c17:P450 re- treatment, 344-347 ductase, 725 adrenoleukodystrophy, 297-318 P450cl11, 726 biochemical defect, 298-299 P450c17, 724-725 diagnosis, 306-307 P450c21, 725-726 endocrine functions, 307-311 P450sec, 723-724 genetics, 299 corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), in history, 298 pituitary disease, 363-369 management, 312-314 in Cushing’s syndrome, 363-366 pathogenesis, 300-302 inferior petrosal sinus samp'ing, 366- pathology, 299-300 367 phenotypes, 302-306 postoperative evaluation, 367 X-linked and autosomal recessive forms, 17a-hydroxylation deficiency, 257-268 297 clinical expression, 260 aldosterone secretion, and essential hy- familial studies, 263-266 pertension, 423-447 laboratory studies, 260-263 in low-renin hypertension, 431—433 pathophysiology, 258-260 in nonmodulating essential hyperten- hyperaldosteronism, 247-255 sion, 433-442 clinical features and pathologic types, regulation of secretion, 424—431 248-250 androgen secretion, 381-400, 401-421 diagnosis, 250-253 CUMULATIVE INDEX 1991 927 management, 253-254 See also Hyperaldosteronism; Mineralo- mineralocorticoid excess, 269-276 corticoid excess. glucocorticoid-remediable aldosteron- Amenorrhea, primary, 23-25 ism, 272-274 psychogenic and athletic, 30-31 syndrome of apparent mineralocorticoid secondary, 25-26 excess, 269-272 Aminoglutethimide, 830 Adrenarche, 71-83 Androgens, adrenal, 381-400, 401-421 adrenal androgen secretion, 71-73, 405— ACTH/androgen dissociation, 405-413 408 adrenarche, 405—408 adrenocortical secretion in childhood, 73— aging, 408-409 75 cortisol resistance, 411 biologic role, 79-80 Cushing's disease, 411 etiology, 75-78 female hirsutism, 409-410 in male, 47 fetal adrenal, 405 and puberty, 78-79 obesity, fasting, and anorexia ner- Adrenocortical autoantibodies, 624 vosa, 410 Adrenocorticotropin, in ACTH-producing parity, 411 pituitary tumors, 339 puberty, 408 Adrenoleukodystrophy, 297-318 secondary and tertiary adrenal insuffi- biochemical defect, 298-299 ciency, 411 diagnosis, 306-307 stress and illness, 410-411 endocrine functions, 307-311 unilateral adrenalectomy, 411-413 genetics, 299 biologic effects, 386-397 history, 298 autoimmune diseases, 397 management, 312-314 bone, 395-396 pathogenesis, 300-302 cardiovascular effects, 391-392 tissue damage, 301-302 diabetes mellitus, 394-395 very long chain fatty acids, 300-301 gastrointestinal effects, 396 pathology, 299-300 gene function, 387 phenotypes, 302-306 hypertension, 393 immune system, regulatory control X-linked and autosomal recessive forms, 297 lipidso,f , 339826--339837 Age factors, and adrenal androgens, 385, lymphokine production, 387-391 408-409 malignancies, 395 AIDS, and drug addiction, 655-673 prostate, 395 adrenal function, 660-663 carbohydrate metabolism, 664-665 renal effects, 396 thyroid, 396-397 hypothalamic-pituitary function, 656-658 drug effects, 397 lipid metabolism, 666—667 genetic factors, 404 sex hormones, 658-660 metabolism, 382-383, 401-404 thyroid function, 665-666 protein binding, 381 Aldosterone, dysregulation of secretion, secretion, 71-73 423-447 control by factors other than ACTH, in 17a-hydroxylation deficiency, 262-263 413-417 in low-renin hypertension, 431-433 endogenous, 413-415 pathophysiology, 433 exogenous, 415-417 renin classification, 431 insulin effects, 812-815 nonmodulating essential hypertension, synthesis regulation, 384-385 433-442 age-related change, 385 bimodality and inheritance of nonmodu- enzymes of steroidogenesis, 385 lator trait, 436 glucocorticoid suppression, 384-385 description, 433-436 stress, 385 pathophysiology, 436—442 tissue distribution, 386 regulation of secretion, 424-431 antagonists, for precocious puberty, 188 adrenal renin-angiotensin system, 429- metabolism, steroid 5a-reductase inhibi- 431 tors, 893-895 aldosterone secretagogues, 424—428 receptors, 685-686 dietary electrolyte effects, 428-429 and incomplete precocious puberty, 63 inhibitors, 428 ovarian, insulin effects, 808-812 928 CUMULATIVE INDEX 1991 Androgens (Continued) human leukocyte antigen association, See also Ovary, hyperandrogenism and 591-592 androgen-producing tumors. humoral reactions, 590 and sex hormone-binding globulin, 707 secondary reaction, 593-594 See also Prostate cancer. pathogenesis, at clinical onset, 605-606 Anorexia nervosa, and adrenal androgens, subclinical, 604-605 410 preclinical diagnosis and future therapy, and gonadotropin secretion, 526 606-607 Antiandrogens in prostate cancer, 852-853 systemic immune dysfunctions, 602-604 Antibodies, and antigens, in autoimmune hypophysis and hypothalamus, 630-636 polyglandular syndromes, 624-625 clinical presentation, 632 anti-idiotypic, in autoimmune thyroid dis- diagnosis, 632-633 ease, 578-579 epidemiology, 631-632 neurophysin, tumor localization, 498-499 pathogenesis, 634-636 Antiestrogens, 826-829 treatment, 633-634 for breast cancer, 826-829 infertility, 637-638 Antigens, in autoimmune thyroid disease, thyroid dysfunction, 565-587 568-572 antigen abnormalities, 568-572 human leukocytes, in autoimmune diabe- clinical course and remission, 579-580 tes, 591-592 immune disturbances, 566-568 Antiprogestins, 835 immunogenetics, 580-581 RU486, 885 immunoregulation, 573-579 Antisteroidal cell autoantibodies, 624-625 anti-idiotypes, 578-579 Anxiety, and gonadotropin secretion, 525 mutation ofT or B lymphocytes to au- Aromatase inhibitors, in breast cancer, 829- tonomous clone, 572-573 832 and Turner syndrome, 144-145 Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy syndromes See also Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy (APS), 630-623 syndromes (APS). cellular immunity defects, 626-628 Axillary hair in puberty, 4, 9-10 Addison’s disease, 626-627 gonadal, 627-628 other defects, 628 clinical treatment, 629-630 Behavior, in Klinefelter syndrome, humoral immunity defects, 623-626 157 autoantibodies and autoantigens, 624— Bimodality, in nonmodulating essential 625 hypertension, 436 adrenocortical, 624 Biochemistry of gonadotropins, 86-88 antiparathyroid, 625 Bladder outlet obstruction, 862-864 antisteroidal cell, 624-625 Bleeding, dysfunctional uterine, 26-27 parietal cell, 625 Body size, physical changes in puberty, 10- other abnormalities, 625-626 13 immunogenetic features, 628-629 Bone, and adrenal androgens, 395-396 Autoimmunity, and adrenal androgens, 397 Breast cancer, 825-844 Addison’s disease and hypogonadism, 636 antiestrogens, 826-829 autoimmune polyglandular syndromes advanced disease, 827-828 (APS), 620-623 early disease, 828-829 immunology of, 623-630 aromatase inhibitors, 829-832 clinical treatment, 629-630 aminoglutethimide with and without defects of cellular immunity, 626-628 hydrocortisone, 830 defects of humoral immunity, 623— improved inhibitors, 830-832 626 endocrine therapy choices, 835-838 immunogenetic features, 628-629 combined therapies, 837-838 of diabetes, 589-617 and chemotherapy, 838 etiology and environmental factors, gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog 600-602 therapy, 833 genetic aspects, 594-600 progestins, 833-835 hypotheses, 590-594 antiprogestins, 835 beta cell antigens, 592 toxicity, 834-835 cellular reactions, 590 and sex hormone-binding globulin, cytokine hypothesis, 592-593 709 CUMULATIVE INDEX 1991 Breasts, female secondary sex males, 289-291 characteristics, 2—4 pathophysiology, 277-281 in male puberty, 10 prenatal treatment, 292-293 treatment, 281 Contraceptives, steroid, 911-923 carbohydrate metabolism, 917-919 Calciotropic peptides, 473-487 cholesterol, 915-917 hypercalcemia factors, 473-481 coagulation, hypertension, and binding interleukin-1, 478-480 globulins, 919-921 interleukin-6, 480 levonorgestrel subdermal implants, 921 lymphotoxin and tumor necrosis factor, myocardial infarction and lipid metabo- 477-478 lism, 911-915 parathyroid hormone, 474 RU486 effects, 884-885 parathyroid hormone-related protein, triglycerides, 915 474-475 Corticosteroid-binding globulin. See procathepsin D, 478 Proteins, steroid-binding. prostaglandin E series, 480-481 Corticotroph hyperplasia, primary, and transforming growth factor-alpha, 475- ACTH-producing pituitary tumors, 330 476 Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) vitamin D metabolites, 480 in pituitary disease, 363-369 hypocalcemia factors, 481-482 Cushing's syndrome, 363-366 tumor-associated osteomalacia, 482-483 inferior petrosal sinus sampling, 366— Calcium metabolism in sarcoidosis, 646—647 367 Cancer, and undescended testicle, 237 postoperative evaluation, 367 Carbohydrate, intolerance in Turner and POMC syndrome, 463-466 syndrome, 145-146 stimulation tests, 338-339 metabolism, in AIDS and drug addiction, Cortisol, resistance, and adrenal androgens, 664-665 4ll and steroidal contraceptives, 917-919 salivary, 340-341 Carcinoma, adrenal, 769-770 in urine, 338 pituitary, ACTH-producing, 330-331 Coxsackievirus B, and autoimmune diabetes, Cardiovascular system, adrenal androgen 601 effects, 391-392 CRH. See Corticotropin-releasing hormone. in Turner syndrome, 141-143 Cushing's syndrome and adrenal cancer, Catheterization, venous, in 767-771 hyperandrogenism, 784, 799 and ACTH-producing pituitary tumors, Central nervous system, and delayed 324-325 puberty in males, 53-54 cyclic, 325 and precocious puberty in male, 60-63 and adrenal androgens, 411 Chemotherapy, in breast cancer, 838 classification and diagnosis, 767-768 Children, ACTH-producing pituitary tumors, 329 CRH test, 363-366 adrenocortical secretion, 73-75 treatment, 768-770 Cholesterol, in adrenal steroidogenesis, ACTH-dependent, Cushing's disease, 721-723 768-769 and sex hormone-binding globulin, 708- ectopic ACTH, 769 709 ACTH-independent, adenoma and mi- and steroidal contraceptives, 915-917 cronodular disease, 770 Cirrhosis, and gonadotropin secretion, 527 carcinoma, 769-770 Coagulation, and steroidal contraceptives, Cytochrome P450, in adrenal 919-921 steroidogenesis, 283, 723 Cognitive function, in Turner syndrome, in steroid hydroxylation, 282-289 146 cytochrome P-450c21 Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (21— gene characterization, 283-285 hydroxylase deficiency), 277-296 isolation, 283 genetics, 281—282 locus configuration, 285 hydroxylation mechanism: cytochromes P- mutations in congenital adrenal hyper- 450, 282-289 plasia, 285-287 long-term follow-up, 289-292 Cytokine hypothesis, in autoimmune females, 291-292 diabetes, 592-593 930 CUMULATIVE INDEX 1991 Cytomegalovirus, and autoimmune diabetes, Exercise, and gonadotropin secretion, 528 602 Extracellular fluid volume, in SIAD, 491 Delayed puberty, boys, 220-222 Facial hair, in male puberty, 9-10 girls, 219-220 Family studies of 17a-hydroxylation psychological management, 222 deficiency, 263-266 Development, of female reproductive Fasting, and adrenal androgens, 410 system, 15-19 Fatty acids, very long chain, in fetal, gonadotropin bioactivity, 95-98 adrenoleukodystrophy, 300-301 male puberty, 47 Female, congenital adrenal hyperplasia (21- Dexamethasone suppression, in ACTH- hydroxylase deficiency), 291-292 producing pituitary tumors, 339-340 disorders of puberty, 15-42 and adrenal androgens, 384-385 menstrual abnormalities, 27-35 DHEA-sulfate, in ACTH-producing pituitary hyperandrogenism, 33-35 tumors, 34] hypogonadism syndromes, 27-32 Diabetes mellitus, and adrenal androgens, obesity, 32-33 394-395 normal physical and hormonal stages, autoimmunity of. See Autoimmunity, of 21-27 diabetes. amenorrhea, primary, 23-25 Diet electrolytes, and aldosterone secondary, 25-26 production, 428-429 dysfunctional uterine bleeding, 26-27 Dihydrotestosterone, and benign prostatic dysmenorrhea, 27 hypertrophy, 896-898 menstrual abnormalities, 22-23 in skin and hair disorders, 898 normal variations in development, 22 DNA binding, of RU486, 879-882 precocious puberty, 35-40 Drug addiction. See AIDS and drug etiology, 36-39 addiction. evaluation, 39-40 Drug therapy, and adrenal androgens, 397 management, 40 Dysmenorrhea, 27 psychological management, 211-215 reproductive system, control of, 20-21 development of, 15-19 secondary sex characteristics, 1-5 Electrolytes, dietary, and aldosterone hirsutism, and adrenal androgens, 409- production, 428-429 410 in 17a-hydroxylation deficiency, 260-262 normal physiology, 520-522 Electron transport to P450c17:P450 in sarcoidosis, 650 reductase, 725 Fertility, and undescended testicle, 237-238 Embryology, of undescended testicle, Fetus, adrenal androgens, 405 233 gonadotropin bioactivity during develop- Endocrine therapy, in breast cancer, 835- ment, 95-98 838 Fluid management, in SIAD, 499-500 Environmental factors, in autoimmune diabetes, 600-602 Enzyme disorders, androgen synthesis in prostate cancer, 849-850 Gastrointestinal system, and adrenal in 17a-hydroxylation deficiency, 265 androgens, 396 ovarian defects, and hyperandrogenism, in Turner syndrome, 143-144 784-787 Gene expression, and adrenal androgens, of steroidogenesis, adrenal androgen ef- 387 fects, 385 epidermal growth factor, 553-554 Epidemiology of hypophysitis, 631-632 insulin-like growth factors, 541-542 Epidermal growth factor, 553-555 major histocompatibility complex, 282 gene expression and mRNA, 553-554 platelet-derived growth factor, 550-551 isolation and characterization, 553 and transforming growth factor-alpha, physiologic effects, 554 553-554 Estrogens, receptor, 686 Genetics, adrenal androgen control, 404 and sex hormone-binding globulin, 706- of adrenoleukodystrophy, 299 707 of autoimmune diabetes, 594-600 CUMULATIVE INDEX 1991] 931 of autoimmune polyglandular syndromes, structure, target-tissue binding, and signal 628-629 transduction, 90-107 in autoimmune thyroid disease, 580-581 during fetal development, 95-98 congenital adrenal hyperplasia (21—hy- methods of assessment, 92—93 droxylase deficiency), 281-282 in neonatal period and infancy, 98-100 of corticosteroid-binding globulin, 700- during pregnancy, 94 701 during prepubertal period, 100-103 in pregnancy, 701 in pubertal disorders, 106-107 of Klinefelter syndrome, 153-154 during puberty, 103-106 of male-limited familial precocious pu- target receptor function, 89-90 berty, 198-199 and systemic disorders, 523-524 nonmodulator trait, in nonmodulating es- B-thalassemia, 528-529 sential hypertension, 436 tuberculosis, 529 of P450c21 (21—hydroxylase) deficiency, Gonadotropin-independent precocious 737-739 puberty. See Precocious puberty. of sex hormone-binding globulin, 706 Gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog Genitalia, external, in male puberty, 6-9 therapy, 833 Germ cell abnormalities, in Turner Gonads, autoimmunity, 627-628 syndrome, 133-139 See also Hypogonadism. Glands, cutaneous, in puberty, 4 Growth and growth hormone secretion in Glucocorticoids, receptors, 683-684 puberty, 165-182 replacement in congenital adrenal hyper- delayed puberty in males, 48—50 plasia, 741-743 GH secretion changes, 169-175 stress doses, 743-744 GH concentrations during puberty, RU486 effects, 885-886 170-174 suppression, and adrenal androgens syn- GH production rates, 174-175 thesis, 384-385 growth in children with GH disorders, Gonadarche, male, 44—47 169-170 Gonadoblastoma, in Turner syndrome, 135- insulinlike growth factor I, 170 137 sex steroid effects, 176-178 Gonadotropins, 85-120, 519-538 and GH concentrations, 176—178 biochemistry and structure, 97-88 IGF-I levels, 176 biosynthesis and secretion, 88—89 statural growth, 165-169 central precocious puberty, 530-531 therapeutic implications, 178-179 cirrhosis, 527 in Turner syndrome, 125-133 exercise, 528 Growth factors, tumor secretion of, 539-563 GnRH effects, 108-109 epidermal growth factor and transforming histiocytosis X, 529 growth factor-alpha, 553-555 human chorionic gonadotropin, 531-533 gene expression and mRNAs, 553-554 isoforms and receptor binding, 89 isolation and characterization, 553 in males, 50-52 physiologic effects, 554 malnutrition and obesity, 528 in tumors, 554-555 menstrual abnormalities, 27-30 insulin-like growth factors, 540-547 physiology, of gonadotropin secreiton, 519 actions on tumor cells, 544-545 of human chorionic gonadotropin, 523 characterization, 540-541 normal female, 520-522 endocrine effects, 545-547 normal male, 522-523 gene expression in tumors, 541-542 of puberty, 520 IGF-binding proteins, 543-544 pituitary adenomas, 529-530 peptides in tumors, 542-543 regulation of secretion, 107—108 receptors in tumors, 544 renal failure, 526-527 platelet-derived growth factor, 547-553 sarcoidosis, 529 autocrine and paracrine effects in hu- sex steroid effects, 109-113 man tumors, 551-552 sickle cell anemia, 529 historical background, 548 stress, 525-526 in inflammatory and repair processes, acute and chronic physical disease, 525 551 anorexia nervosa, 526 isoform synthesis, 549 anxiety, 525 PDGF-inducible genes, 550-551 pseudocyesis, 525-526 properties of, 548-549 psychiatric disorders, 525 receptors, 549-550 932 CUMULATIVE INDEX 1991 Growth factors (Continued) Hyperprolactinemia, and menstrual SSV-transformed cells, 552-553 abnormalities, 31-32 transformation by v--sis, 552 Hypertension, adrenal androgen effects, 393 and sex hormone-binding globulin, 708 essential. See Aldosterone, dysregulation transforming-alpha, 475-476 of secretion. transforming factor-beta, 556—557 low-renin, 431-433 Growth hormone releasing hormone, nonmodulating essential, 433-442 agonists, for precocious puberty, 183- and steroidal contraceptives, 919-921 186 Hypocalcemia, 481—482 See also Acromegaly, extrapituitary. Hypogonadism, antireceptor autoimmunity, Growth hormone, acromegaly. See 636 Acromegaly, extrapituitary. in female, 27-32 See also Growth and growth hormone se- delayed puberty vs. gonadotropin defi- cretion in puberty. ciency, 27-30 Gynecomastia, 224-225 hyperprolactinemia, 31-32 management, 32 psychogenic and athletic amenorrha, 30-31 Hair, DHT role, 898 Turner syndrome, 27 Hirsutism, 223 in males, hypergonadotropic, 55-56 female, and adrenal androgens, 409-410 hypogonadotropic, 50 Histiocyvtosis X, 529 Hypophysis and hypothalamus, autoimmune HLA locus, in P450c21 (21—-hydroxylase) disease, 630-636 deficiency, 739-740 clinical presentation, 632 Hormones, replacement therapy in Turner diagnosis, 632-633 syndrome, 137-138 epidemiology, 631-632 for undescended testicle, 236-237 pathogenesis, 634-636 Human chorionic gonadotropin, eutopic and treatment, 633-634 ectopic production, 531-533 Hypopituitarism, idiopathic, in males, 52-53 physiology, 523 Hypothalamic-pituitary axis, in males, 44 Hydrocortisone, for breast cancer, 830 in Turner syndrome, 135 11—Hydroxylase/18—hydroxylase/18—methy] Hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, in oxidase, 731—732 Klinefelter syndrome, 156—157 21—Hydroxylase. See P450c21 (21- in males, 45-47 hydroxylase) deficiency. Hypothalamus, in AIDS and drug addiction, Hydroxylation, cytochrome P-450 656-658 mechanism, 282-289 GHRH production, 509-510 38-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, in neurohypophyseal peptide synthesis, 493- adrenal steroidogenesis, 724 494 deficiency in congenital adrenal hyperpla- in sarcoidosis, 647-649 sia, 729-730 See also Hypophysis and hypothalamus, in prostate cancer, 849—950 autoimmune disease. Hyperaldosteronism, 247—255 clinical features and pathologic types, 248-250 aldosterone-producing adenoma, 248- IDDM (insulin-dependent diabetes 249 mellitus). See Autoimmunity. idiopathic hyperaldosteronism, 249-250 Illness, and adrenal androgens, 410-411 primary adrenal glomerulosa hyperpla- Immune system, and adrenal androgens, sia, 249 386-387 diagnosis, 250-253 Infants, adrenocortical secretion, 73-75 management, 253-254 gonadotropin bioactivity, 98-100 Hyperandrogenism, 707 Infertility as autoimmune disease, 637-638 and menstrual abnormalities, 33-35 Inflammation, and corticosteroid-binding See also Ovary. globulin, 701-702 Hypercalcemia. See Calciotropic peptides. platelet-derived growth factors, 551 Hyperplasia, macronodular adrenocortical, Inheritance, mineralocorticoid excess, 271 332-333 Insulin, 807-823 primary aldrenal glomerulosa, 249 and adrenal androgens, 812-815 primary corticotroph, 330 experimental evidence, 812-814 CUMULATIVE INDEX 1991 933 regulation, 815 Lymphocytes, T or B, mutation in and ovarian androgens, 808-812 autoimmune thyroid disease, 572-573 clinical observations, 808 Lymphokines, adrenal androgen effects, experimental evidence, 808-811 387-391 mechanisms of action, 811-812 Lymphotoxin, and hypercalcemia, 477—478 in normal women, 812 and polycystic ovary syndrome, 817-819 and SHBG, 815-817 clinical observations, 815-816 Macronodular adrenocortical hyperplasia, experimental evidence, 816-817 332-333 Insulin-like growth factors, 540-547 Major histocompatibility complex genes, 282 actions on tumors cells, 544-545 Males, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, 289- characterization, 540-541 291 endocrine effects, 545-547 normal physiology, 522-523 gene expression in tumors, 541-542 puberty disorders, 43-69 IGF-binding proteins, 543-544 delayed puberty, 47—58 peptides in tumors, 542-543 diagnosis, 56—57 and pubertal growth, 170, 176 permanent sexual infantilism, 50-58 receptors in tumors, 544 CNS abnormalities, 53-54 Interleukin-1, and hypercalcemia, 478—480 functional disorders and syn- Interleukin-8, and hypercalcemia, 480 dromes, 54-55 Isoforms of gonadotropins, 89 gonadotropin deficiency, 50-52 hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, 59-56 hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, Ketoconazole, for precocious puberty, 187 50 Kidneys, adrenal androgen effects, 396 hypopituitarism, idiopathic, 52-53 and gonadotropin secretion, 526-527 psychological management, 220— 222 in Turner syndrome, 143 temporary, 48-50 Klinefelter syndrome, 153-163 treatment, 57-58 clinical presentation, 154-157 development variations, 64—65 endocrinologic status, 155-157 endocrine changes, 43—47 hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis, adrenarche, 47 156-157 gonadarche, 44—47 prolactin, 157 familial precocious puberty, 195-199 skeletal system, 155-156 clinical findings, 195-196 thyroid disorders, 157 genetic linkage in testotoxicosis, 198— psychosocial, 157 199 complications, 158-159 histologic findings, 199 genetics, 153-154 laboratory findings, 196-198 treatment, 159-160 treatment, 201—206 variants, 160 physical development, 47 precocious puberty, 58—64 diagnosis, 64 incomplete, 63 Levonorgestrel subdermal implants, 921 autonomous androgen production, Lipids, adrenal androgen effects, 392-393 63 in AIDS and drug addiction, 666—667 psychological management, 215-217 and steroidal contraceptives, 911—915 true or complete, 58—63 Lipoid congenital adrenal hyperplasia, 727— CNS disorders, 60—63 729 constitutional, 58 Lipotropin, in ACTH-producing pituitary idiopathic, 58 tumors, 339 in sarcoidosis, 650 Luteinizing hormone, in male-limited secondary sex characteristics, 5-10 familial precocious puberty, 196-198 Malnutrition, and gonadotropin secretion, Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone, in 528 prostate cancer, 850-852 McCune-Albright syndrome, 192—195, 513— Lymphedema, and Turner syndrome, 139— 514 141 clinical findings, 193-194 934 CUMULATIVE INDEX 1991 McCune-Albright syndrome (Continued) by tumors, 495-497 laboratory findings, 194-195 treatment of SIAD, 499-501 treatment, 200-201 fluid management, 499-500 Medroxyprogesterone acetate, for precocious vasopressin production, 500-501 puberty, 187 tumor markers, 497-498 Menarche, 5 urinary concentration and dilution, 489- Menstrual abnormalities, 22-23 490 hyperandrogenism, 33-35 vasopressin and oxytocin release mecha- hypogonadism syndromes, 27-32 nisms, 494—495 delayed puberty vs. gonadotropin defi- Neuropsychologic function, in Turner ciency, 27-30 syndrome, 146-147 hyperprolactinemia, 31-32 Nuclear hormone receptors, 681-683 management, 32 psychogenic and athletic amenorrhea, 30-31 Turner syndrome variations, 27 Obesity, and adrenal androgens, 410 obesity, 32-33 and gonadotropin secretion, 528 Metyrapone testing, in ACTH-producing and menstrual abnormalities, 32-33 pituitary tumors, 341-342 and sex hormone-binding globulin, 707— Micronodular adrenal disease, 770 708 Mineralocorticoids, 269-276 Osteomalacia, tumor-associated, 482-483 glucocorticoid-remediable aldosteronism, Ovarian androgens, insulin effects, 808-812 272-274 hyperandrogenism and androgen-produc- aldosterone biosynthesis, 273-274 ing tumors, 773-805 biochemical mechanism, 273 androgen-producing tumors, 789-790 other mineralocorticoids, 274 control of androgen secretion, 774-781 therapy, 274 diagnosis, 790-799 receptors, 683-684 enzymatic defects, 784—787 replacement in congenital adrenal hyper- localization techniques, 799-803 plasia, 744 markers of androgen production, 773— syndrome of apparent mineralocorticoid 774 excess, 269-272 nontumorous causes, 781—782 inheritance, 271 during pregnancy, 787-789 mechanism, 270-271 stromal hyperthecosis, 782-784 metabolic defect, 270 venous catheterization, selective, 784, therapy, 271-272 799 type 2 variant, 271 steroid-hormone producing tumors, 757— Multiple endocrine neoplasia, 514 759 Mumps, and autoimmune diabetes, 601 Oxytocin release mechanisms, 494-495 Myocardial infarction, and steroidal contraceptives, 911-915 P450c11, in adrenal steroidogenesis, 726 deficiency in congenital adrenal hyperpla- Nelson's syndrome, and ACTH-producing sia, 731-732 pituitary tumors, 326-328 P450c17, in adrenal steroidogenesis, 724— Neoplasia. See Tumors, steroid hormone- 725 producing. deficiency in congenital adrenal hyperpla- Neurohypophyseal peptides in malignancy, sia, 730-731 489-506 P450c21, in adrenal steroidogenesis, 725— clinical features and diagnosis of SIAD, 726 490-493 deficiency, 732-740 extracellular fluid volume, 491 clinical forms, 733-737 inappropriately concentrated urine, 491 nonclassic, 736-737 sodium excretion, 491—492 salt-wasting, 733 thirst, 493 simple virilizing, 736 radioactive antibodies for tumor localiza- genetics, 737-739 tion, 498-499 HLA locus, 739-740 release by tumors, 497 incidence, 737 synthesis, in hypothalamus, 493-494 pathophysiology, 732-733