Encyclopedia of World Biography. Supplement PDF
Preview Encyclopedia of World Biography. Supplement
EWB SUP htptp 8/4/03 3:19 PM Page 1 ENCYCLOPEDIA OF WORLD BIOGRAPHY SUPPLEMENT 22 EWB SUP htptp 8/4/03 3:19 PM Page 3 ENCYCLOPEDIA OF WORLD BIOGRAPHY SUPPLEMENT 22 A Z Encyclopedia of World Biography Supplement, Volume 22 Project Editor Permissions Andrea Kovacs Henderson Margaret Chamberlain Editorial Imaging and Multimedia Laura Avery, Luann Brennan, Leigh Ann DeRemer, Jennifer Mossman, Robert Duncan, Leitha Etheridge-Sims, Lezlie Light, Dan Newell, Tracie Ratiner David G. Oblender, Robyn V. Young Editorial Support Services Manufacturing Andrea Lopeman Stacey Melson © 2002 by Gale. Gale is an imprint of The Gale For permission to use material from this Since this page cannot legibly accommodate all Group, Inc., a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. product, submit your request via Web at copyright notices, the acknowledgments http://www.gale-edit.com/permissions, or you may constitute an extension of the copyright notice. 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Errors brought to the ALL RIGHTS RESERVED attention of the publisher and verified to the No part of this work covered by the copyright satisfaction of the publisher will be corrected in hereon may be reproduced or used in any form future editions. or by any means—graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, Web distribution, or information storage retrieval systems—without the written permission of the publisher. ISBN 0-7876-5284-9 ISSN 1099-7326 Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ..................... vii ADVISORY BOARD.................... ix ACKNOWLEDGMENTS................. xi OBITUARIES......................... xiii TEXT................................. 1 HOW TO USE THE INDEX ............ 436 INDEX ............................. 437 v INTRODUCTION The study of biography has always held an impor- on to a consideration and evaluation of the subject’s tant, if not explicitly stated, place in school curricula. work. Where very few biographical facts are known, The absence in schools of a class specifically devoted to the article is necessarily devoted to an analysis of the studying the lives of the giants of human history belies subject’s contribution. the focus most courses have always had on people. From Following the essay is a bibliographic section ancient times to the present, the world has been shaped arranged by source type. Citations include books, peri- by the decisions, philosophies, inventions, discoveries, odicals, and online Internet addresses for World Wide artistic creations, medical breakthroughs, and written Web pages, where current information can be found. works of its myriad personalities. Librarians, teachers, Portraits accompany many of the articles and pro- and students alike recognize that our lives are immensely vide either an authentic likeness, contemporaneous with enriched when we learn about those individuals who have made their mark on the world we live in today. the subject, or a later representation of artistic merit. For artists, occasionally self-portraits have been included. Encyclopedia of World Biography Supplement,Vol- Of the ancient figures, there are depictions from coins, ume 22, provides biographical information on 200 in- engravings, and sculptures; of the moderns, there are dividuals not covered in the 17-volume second edition many portrait photographs. of Encyclopedia of World Biography (EWB)and its sup- plements, Volumes 18, 19, 20, and 21. Like other vol- Index.The EWB Supplementindex is a useful key umes in the EWBseries, this supplement represents a to the encyclopedia. Persons, places, battles, treaties, unique, comprehensive source for biographical infor- institutions, buildings, inventions, books, works of art, mation on those people who, for their contributions to ideas, philosophies, styles, movements—all are indexed human culture and society, have reputations that stand for quick reference just as in a general encyclopedia. the test of time. Each original article ends with a bibli- The index entry for a person includes a brief identifica- ographic section. There is also an index to names and tion with birth and death dates andis cumulative so subjects, which cumulates all persons appearing as main that any person for whom an article was written who entries in the EWBsecond edition, the Volume 18, 19, appears in the second edition of EWB(volumes 1-16) 20, and 21 supplements, and this supplement—nearly and its supplements (volumes 18-22) can be located. 8,000 people! The subject terms within the index, however, apply only to volume 22. Every index reference includes the Articles.Arranged alphabetically following the letter- title of the article to which the reader is being directed by-letter convention (spaces and hyphens have been as well as the volume and page numbers. ignored), articles begin with the full name of the person profiled in large, bold type. Next is a boldfaced, de- Because EWB Supplement,Volume 22, is an ency- scriptive paragraph that includes birth and death years clopedia of biography, its index differs in important in parentheses. It provides a capsule identification and ways from the indexes to other encyclopedias. Basi- a statement of the person’s significance. The essay that cally, this is an index of people, and that fact has sev- follows is approximately 2000 words in length and of- eral interesting consequences. First, the information to fers a substantial treatment of the person’s life. Some of which the index refers the reader on a particular topic the essays proceed chronologically while others con- is always about people associated with that topic. Thus vii fine biographical data to a paragraph or two and move the entry ‘Quantum theory (physics)’ lists articles on viii INTRODUCTION ENCYCLOPEDIA OF WORLD BIOGRAPHY people associated with quantum theory. Each article ther revelations about the universe, the life stories of the may discuss a person’s contribution to quantum theory, people who have risen above the ordinary and earned but no single article or group of articles is intended to a place in the annals of human history will continue to provide a comprehensive treatment of quantum theory fascinate students of all ages. as such. Second, the index is rich in classified entries. We Welcome Your Suggestions.Mail your com- All persons who are subjects of articles in the encyclo- ments and suggestions for enhancing and improving the pedia, for example, are listed in one or more classifica- Encyclopedia of World Biography Supplementto: tions in the index—abolitionists, astronomers, engi- The Editors neers, philosophers, zoologists, etc. Encyclopedia of World Biography Supplement The index, together with the biographical articles, Gale Group make EWB Supplement an enduring and valuable 27500 Drake Road source for biographical information. As school course Farmington Hills, MI 48331-3535 work changes to reflect advances in technology and fur- Phone: (800) 347-4253 ADVISORY BOARD John B. Ruth Library Director Tivy High School Library Kerrville, Texas Judy Sima Media Specialist Chatterton Middle School Warren, Michigan James Jeffrey Tong Manager, History and Travel Department Detroit Public Library Detroit, Michigan Betty Waznis Librarian San Diego County Library San Diego, California ix ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Photographs and illustrations appearing in the Encyclo- Mary E. Pennington, Jean Renoir, John Ross, Joan Suther- pedia of World Biography Supplement, Volume 22, land, Gustavus Franklin Swift, Pinchas Zukerman have been used with the permission of the following DOVER PUBLICATIONS: David Einhorn, Robert Henri sources: FISK UNIVERSITY LIBRARY: Juliette Derricotte, Robert AP/WIDE WORLD PHOTOS: Abdullah II, Mortimer Hayden Adler, Steve Allen, Chet Atkins, Burt Bacharach, Leonard MARK GERSON: Dan Jacobson Baskin, Alan Bean, Charles William Beebe, Osama bin Laden, Leonardo Boff, Bennett Cerf, Eugene Cernan, GETTY IMAGES: Vladimir Ashkenazy, Sidney Bechet, Jewel Plummer Cobb, Charles “Pete” Conrad, Colin Harrison Birtwistle, Isabel Bishop, Edward William Bok, Davis, Elmer Holmes Davis, Fats Domino, Thomas A. Henry Brougham, Jose Carreras, Alfred Denning, Dorsey, Dale Earnhardt, Marriner Stoddard Eccles, Ju- Thomas Erskine, James Harper, Buddy Holly, William dah Folkman, John Frederick Fuller, Casimir Funk, Johnson, Montezuma I, F. W. Murnau, William Pinkney, Robert Gallo, Erle Stanley Gardner, Dan George, Edith Thomas Alexander Scott, Thomas Sully, Lawrence Welk Hamilton, Lionel Hampton, Howard Hawks, Chester THE GRANGER COLLECTION: Gabrielle-Emilie du Himes, John Huston, John Irving, James Irwin, Garrison Chatelet, Thomas McIntyre Cooley, Anna J. Cooper, Keillor, Patrick Kelly, Walt Kelly, Jack Lemmon, Miriam Ellen Craft, Grenville Mellen Dodge, Artemisia Gen- Makeba, Walter Matthau, Edgar Dean Mitchell, Ashley tileschi, Henry Osborne Havemeyer, Elwood Haynes, Montagu, Willard Motley, Pervez Musharraf, Youssou Hildegard von Bingen, Sofya Kovalevskaya, Biddy N’Dour, Carroll O’Connor, John Joseph O’Connor, Mason Grace Paley, Jean-Pierre Rampal, Nicholas Ray, Judith A. Resnik, Allan Rex Sandage, Harrison “Jack” Schmitt, THE KOBAL COLLECTION: John Cassavetes, Carl Menachem Mendel Schneerson, William Schuman, Dreyer, Max Fleischer, Juzo Itami, Sidney Lumet, Jason George C. Scott, Eric Sevareid, Ravi Shankar, George Robards, Jacques Tati, William Wyler, Loretta Young Stevens, Roger Vadim, Richie Valens, Edward Bennett THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS: Gracie Allen, Gertrude Williams, Mohammad Zahir Shah Bell, John Shaw Billings, Joseph P. Bradley, Henry Wa- JERRY BAUER: Andre Brink, Stanley Kunitz ger Halleck, William Stewart Halsted, James Longstreet, John Rollin Ridge CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES/SPECIAL COLLECTIONS LIBRARY: Alice Eastwood ROBERT P. MATTHEWS: John Nash CATHOLIC NEWS SERVICE: Basil Cardinal Hume MT. HOLYOKE COLLEGE ARCHIVE: Helen Sawyer Hogg BEVERLY CLEARY: Beverly Cleary NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINIS- CORBIS: Claudio Abbado, Sofonisba Anguissola, He- TRATION: William J. Donovan, Charles Lee lena Petrovna Blavatsky, Louise Boyd, John Cabell Breckinridge, Thomas Alexander Browne, Edward Bul- NATIONAL BASEBALL LIBRARY AND ARCHIVE: wer-Lytton, Emma Perry Carr, Joseph H. Choate, Rufus Kenesaw Mountain Landis Choate, James Couzens, Tilly Edinger, John Arbuthnot PUBLIC DOMAIN: Aspasia, Ishi Fisher, John Frankenheimer, Alfred Mossman Landon, JOHN REEVES: Mordecai Richler Tom Landry, Marie Lavoisier, Jacques Loeb, Reinhold xi Messner, Dhan Gopal Mukerji, Christabel Pankhurst, THE SOPHIA SMITH COLLECTION: Florence Bascom OBITUARIES The following people, appearing in volumes 1-21 of the KYPRIANOU, SPYROS(born 1932), Republic of Cyprus Encyclopedia of World Biography,have died since the president, died of cancer in Nicosia, Cyprus, on March publication of the second edition and its supplements. 12, 2002 (Vol. 9). Each entry lists the volume where the full biography ONG TENG CHEONG (born 1936), Singaporean pres- can be found. ident, died of lymphoma on February 8, 2002 (Vol. 11). BARNARD, CHRISTIAAN N.(born 1922), South African PAZ ESTENSSORO, VICTOR (born 1907), Bolivian surgeon, died in Paphos, Cyprus, on September 2, 2001 statesman, died of complications of a severe blood clot (Vol. 2). in Tarija, Bolivia, on June 7, 2001 (Vol. 12). BERLE, MILTON(born 1908), American entertainer and PEREZ JIMENEZ, MARCOS (born 1914), Venezuelan actor, died in Los Angeles, California, on March 27, dictator, died in Madrid, Spain, on September 20, 2001 2002 (Vol. 18). (Vol. 12). BIRENDRA(born 1945), Nepalese king, died on June 1, SAVIMBI, JONAS MALHEIROS (born 1934), Angolan 2001 (Vol. 2). leader, died in eastern Angola on February 22, 2002 BLOCK, HERBERT (born 1909), American newspaper (Vol. 13). cartoonist, died of pneumonia in Washington, D.C. on SULLIVAN, LEON HOWARD (born 1922), African October 7, 2001 (Vol. 2). American civil rights leader and minister, died of CAMPOS, ROBERTO OLIVEIRA (born 1917), Brazilian leukemia in Scottsdale, Arizona, on April 24, 2001 (Vol. economist and diplomat, died of heart failure in Rio de 15). Janeiro, Brazil, on October 9, 2001 (Vol. 18). THIEU, NGUYEN VAN (born 1923), South Vietnamese ELIZABETH BOWES-LYON (born 1900), queen and president, died in Boston, Massachusetts, on September queen mother of Great Britain, died in Windsor, Eng- 29, 2001 (Vol. 15). land, on March 30, 2002 (Vol. 5). THOMAS, DAVE (born 1932), American businessman, GRAHAM, KATHARINE MEYER(born 1917), American died of liver cancer in Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, on Janu- publisher, died in Boise, Idaho, on July 17, 2001 (Vol. 6). ary 8, 2002 (Vol. 18). HUSSEINI, FAISAL (born 1940), Palestinian political WARMERDAM, DUTCH (born 1915), American pole leader, died of heart failure in Kuwait on May 31, 2001 vaulter, died in Fresno, California, on November 13, (Vol. 19). 2001 (Vol. 21). xiii A Claudio Abbado Attained a Balance AbbadofirsttookthebatonattheTeatroCommunale Italian-bornconductorClaudioAbbado(born1933) in Trieste, conducting Sergei Prokofiev’s Love for Three Orangesattheageof25.Stillunpolishedanduncertainof established a reputation for musical excellence on his own identity as an orchestral interpreter, Abbado dis- the fine edge between scholar and performing ge- playedamatureregardforthemarkingsofthecomposer’s nius. A meticulous reader of scores, he mastered originalscore.Strongofarm,heforcedbothinstrumentalists symphonicdetailtosuchadegreethathisconduct- andsingerstostaywithintheboundsofaprecise,balanced presentation that was both historically correct and artisti- ing has often overshadowed the lead singers. De- cally pleasing. voted to artistry, he has ventured beyond the safe Abbado’sdebutprefacedanoteworthyentranceintoa German favorites—Johann Brahms, Wolfgang Am- professionthatquicklyintroducedhispromisetotheworld. adeusMozart,RobertSchumann,RichardWagner— AtTanglewood,homeoftheBostonSymphonyOrchestra, to modern opera by Luciano Berio, Pierre Boulez, he earned the Koussevitzky conducting prize in 1958. He Krzysztof Penderecki, Alfred Schnittke, and first encountered American music lovers that April at a concert with the New York Philharmonic. Karlheinz Stockhausen. Broadened His Perspective B ornonJune26,1933,inMilan,Abbadobegantrain- ForAbbado’searlymasteryofawiderepertoryofclas- ing under hisfather,MichelangeloAbbado,before sicalandromanticmusic,hewontheMitropoulosPrizefor entering Milan’s Giuseppe Verdi Conservatory to conducting in 1963, shared with Pedro Calderon and ZdenekKosler,botholderandmoreexperiencedartists.At studypiano.Aftergraduationin1955,hecontinuedpiano thetime,criticalopinionhadnotreachedafirmconsensus classeswithAustrianconcertistFriedrichGuldaandbegan on Abbado, but critics soon acknowledged that he pos- learning conducting from Antonio Votto, a specialist in sessedthetalentofanotherArturoToscanini.In1965,von Italiansymphonicmusic.Overthenextthreeyears,Abbado Karajansignaledformalacceptanceamongthemusiccom- pursued conducting with Hans Swarowsky, conductor of munitybyintroducingAbbadoattheSalzburgEasterFesti- the Vienna State Opera Orchestra. In class at the Vienna valconductingMahler’sSecondSymphony.Abbadovalued Academy of Music, Abbado sometimes sang in the theoldermusician’sguidanceandcomparedhimtoasage, SingvereinchoirunderHerbertvonKarajan,hismentorand compassionate father. After twelve years attheTeatroalla role model. Abbado further refined his orchestral skills at Scala, Abbado made a significant career move by leaving the Accademia Chigiana in Siena under Alceo Galliera, his country in 1965 to lead the Vienna Philharmonic. He conductor of the Philharmonia Orchestra, and Carlo Zec- returnedintriumphin1968tobecomeoperaconductorof 1 chi, leader of the Czech Philharmonic. Milan’s La Scala, the mecca of Italian opera.
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