Encyclopedia of Women's History in America PDF
Preview Encyclopedia of Women's History in America
Encyclopedia of Women’s History in America Second Edition Kathryn Cullen-DuPont Encyclopedia of Women’s History in America Copyright second edition © 2000 by Kathryn Cullen-DuPont Copyright first edition © 1996 by Kathryn Cullen-DuPont All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval systems, without permission in writing from the publisher. For information contact: Facts On File, Inc. 132 West 31st Street New York, NY 10001 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Cullen-DuPont, Kathryn. Encyclopedia of women’s history in America / Kathryn Cullen-DuPont.—2nd ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-8160-4100-8 (hc) 1. Women—United States—History—Encyclopedias. 2. Feminism—United States—History—Encyclope- dias. I. Title: Women’s history in America. II. Title. HQ1410.C85 2000 305.4'0973'03—dc21 99-087498 Facts On File books are available at special discounts when purchased in bulk quantities for businesses, associations, institutions or sales promotions. Please call our Special Sales Department in New York at 212/967-8800 or 800/322-8755. Facts On File can be found on the World Wide Web at www.factsonfile.com Text design by Joan Toro Cover design by Cathy Rincon This book is printed on acid-free paper. Printed in the United States of America VB Hermitage 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 For Elizabeth Frost-Knappman Contents Preface ix Acknowledgments xi Entries A–Z 1 Appendix: Documents 291 Bibliography 377 Index 000 vii Preface Since earliest colonial times, women have contributed to of several ways: As (1) women who have affected the the life of the United States and all its people while striv- general course of American history; (2) women impor- ing to better their own situation. This encyclopedia is tant in the struggle for (or, sometimes, against) equal intended to bring together information about the organi- rights; (3) barrier-breaking women, the “firsts” to make zations founded, the books and newspapers published, their way into the professions and government offices the speeches given, the documents signed, the demon- once reserved to men, and the women who, following strations and conventions held, the legislative actions the “firsts” into these new territories, have made particu- proposed and enacted, the task forces and committees larly significant contributions; (4) visionary women who convened, and the legal rulings rendered—all in the created and/or inspired lasting community service orga- course of “Women’s History in America.” nizations, new public policy initiatives, and even reli- In choosing individual women for inclusion, I have gions; and (5) women who have made especially not attempted the comprehensiveness possible in a work prominent contributions to the cultural and intellectual restricted solely to biographical entries. I have, however, life of America. I have also and without apology selected tried to include the women who stand out, almost as some women simply because their accomplishments are landmarks but certainly as central figures, in at least one pathbreaking within a particular community. ix Acknowledgments I would like to thank many people, organizations, and thirteen people who’ve since become siblings-in-law, and institutions for their help with this book: first and fore- my eighteen nieces and nephews, for more extended fam- most, my editor, Michelle Fellner, for her thoughtful, ily support than any one person deserves; my son, Jesse intelligent, and rigorous editing, which greatly added to Cullen-DuPont, for keeping me in touch with women’s this book, and for her unfailing encouragement through- accomplishments in the sports world; my daughter, out this project; Annelise Orleck, for her review of this Melissa Cullen-DuPont, for stimulating conversations manuscript on what was not always a convenient sched- about Harriot Stanton Blatch, Ruth St. Denis, and other ule and for her generous advice and guidance; Jeanne women in this encyclopedia, which I’ve enjoyed more Jimenez and Jessica Kremen-Kotlen, for their careful than she may ever know; and my husband, Joseph F. research assistance; the staff of the New York Public DuPont, who has been more encouraging and supportive Library, for providing access to wonderful books and than any words of mine can adequately express. Finally, other records of women’s history; the support staffs of I’d like to thank my agent and sometime-coauthor, Eliza- the many women’s and other organizations I contacted beth Frost-Knappman, for her insights into women’s his- with requests for information; my parents, Martin and tory, her enthusiasm, and, especially, her friendship, all of Arlene Cullen, my mother-in-law, Barbara DuPont, the which have been greatly appreciated. seven siblings I was lucky enough to grown up with, the xi
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