Encyclopedia Of Women And American Politics (Facts on File Library of American History) PDF
Preview Encyclopedia Of Women And American Politics (Facts on File Library of American History)
Encyclopedia of women and American politics i-xx_WmAmPolitics_fm.indd i 11/29/07 11:36:09 AM i-xx_WmAmPolitics_fm.indd ii 11/29/07 11:36:09 AM Encyclopedia of women and american politics LYNNE E. FORD i-xx_WmAmPolitics_fm.indd iii 11/29/07 11:36:09 AM Encyclopedia of Women and American Politics Copyright © 2008 by Lynne E. Ford All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval systems, without permission in writing from the publisher. For information contact: Facts On File, Inc. An imprint of Infobase Publishing 132 West 31st Street New York NY 10001 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Encyclopedia of women and American politics / [edited by] Lynne E. Ford. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-0-8160-5491-6 (hc : alk. paper) 1. Women in politics—United States— Encyclopedias. 2. Women legislators—United States—Encyclopedias. 3. United States— Politics and government—Encyclopedias. I. Ford, Lynne E. HQ1236.5.U6E52 2007 973.03—dc22 2007004331 Facts On File books are available at special discounts when purchased in bulk quantities for businesses, associations, institutions, or sales promotions. Please call our Special Sales Department in New York at (212) 967-8800 or (800) 322-8755. You can find Facts On File on the World Wide Web at http://www.factsonfile.com Text design by Cathy Rincon and Kerry Casey Printed in the United States of America VB Hermitage 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 This book is printed on acid-free paper and contains 30% post-consumer recycled content. i-xx_WmAmPolitics_fm.indd iv 11/29/07 11:36:09 AM C O N T E N T S LIST OF ENTRIES vii CONTRIBUTORS xiii INTRODUCTION xv ENTRIES A TO Z 1 APPENDICES 513 Tables and Statistical Portraits 513 Significant Speeches Delivered by Women and Selected Primary Documents from the Women’s Rights Movement 533 BIBLIOGRAPHY 599 INDEX 615 i-xx_WmAmPolitics_fm.indd v 11/29/07 11:36:09 AM i-xx_WmAmPolitics_fm.indd vi 11/29/07 11:36:09 AM L I S T OF E N T R I E S Abbott, Edith American Equal Rights Berry, Mary Frances Abbott, Grace Association Bethune, Mary McLeod abolitionist movement, women American Life League, Inc. Biggert, Judy in the American Woman Suffrage Bill of Rights for Women, abortion Association NOW Abzug, Bella Ames, Jessie birth control movement Achtenberg, Roberta Anderson, Eugenie Moore Black, Shirley Temple acquaintance rape Anderson, Marian Blackburn, Marsha acquired immunodeficiency Andrews, Fannie Fern Phillips black feminism syndrome Anthony, Susan Bronwell Blackwell, Alice Stone Adams, Abigail antifeminism Blackwell, Elizabeth Adams, Annette anti-lynching movement black women’s club movement Adams, Louisa antimiscegenation statutes Black Women’s Health Addams, Jane anti-suffrage movement Imperative Adkins v. Children’s Hospital Armstrong, Anne Blanchfield, Florence Aby affirmative action Association for Women Blatch, Harriot Stanton Aid to Families with Depen- Journalists Bloomer, Amelia dent Children Association of Southern Blow, Susan Akron v. Akron Center for Women for the Prevention Bly, Nellie Reproductive Health of Lynching bona fide occupational Alan Guttmacher Institute Atkinson, Ti-Grace qualification Albright, Madeline Baby M case Bonney, Mary Alcott, Louisa May Baez, Joan Bono, Mary “Alice Doesn’t Day” Women’s Bagley, Sarah Bordallo, Madeleine Strike Baker, Ella Boxer, Barbara alimony Balch, Emily Greene Bradwell, Myra Allen, Florence Baldwin, Tammy Brant, Molly Allen, Paula Gunn Barceló, Gertrudis Braun, Carol Moseley Allred, Gloria Barton, Clara Bray v. Alexandria Women’s Alpha Suffrage Club Bass, Charlotta Health Clinic Alvarez, Aida Beach, Amy Breckinridge, Sophonisba American Association of Uni- Beal v. Doe Breedlove v. Suttles versity Women Bean, Melissa Brent, Margaret American Birth Control League Berkley, Shelley bridefare vii i-xx_WmAmPolitics_fm.indd vii 11/29/07 11:36:09 AM viii List of Entries Brown, Corrine Colored Woman’s League Doe v. Bolton Brown-Waite, Virginia Combahee River Collective Dole, Elizabeth Buck, Pearl S. comparable worth domestic violence Burns, Lucy Comstock Act domicile laws Bush, Barbara Concerned Women for Dothard v. Rawlinson Bush, Laura America Douglas, Helen Gahagan Byrne, Jane Congressional Caucus for Drake, Thelma Cable Act Women’s Issues: Women’s Dulles, Eleanor Lansing Califano v. Westcott Policy, Inc. Duniway, Abigail Scott Cammermeyer v. Aspin Congressional Union for Dworkin, Andrea Cantwell, Maria Woman Suffrage Dyer, Mary Capito, Shelley Convention on the Elimination Eagle Forum Capps, Lois of All Forms of Discrimina- Eddy, Mary Baker Caraway, Hattie tion Against Women Edelman, Marian Wright Carson, Julia Convention on the Political Eisenhower, Mamie Carson, Rachel Rights of Women Eisenstadt v. Baird Carter, Lillian Coolidge, Grace Elders, Joycelyn Carter, Rosalynn covenant marriage Emerson, Jo Ann Catalyst coverture EMILY’s List Catt, Carrie Chapman Craig v. Boren England, Lynndie Center for American Women Crandall, Prudence Equal Credit Opportunity Act and Politics Cubin, Barbara Equal Employment Opportu- Center for Women Policy cult of domesticity nity Act Studies Cunningham, Minnie Fisher Equal Employment Opportu- Chapman, Maria Weston Curtis, Lucile Atcherson nity Commission Chicago, Judy Dall, Caroline Equal Pay Act Child, Lydia Maria Daughters of Bilitis Equal Pay Day child care Daughters of Liberty Equal Rights Amendment Child Support Enforcement Daughters of Temperance Equal Rights Association Amendment Daughters of the American Equity in Prescription Insur- chilly climate Revolution ance and Contraceptive Chisholm, Shirley Davis, Angela Coverage Act Christian-Christensen, Donna Davis, Jo Ann Eshoo, Anna Citizens’ Advisory Council on Davis, Susan eugenics the Status of Women Day, Dorothy Fair Labor Standards Act citizenship, restrictions for Declaration of Sentiments and Faludi, Susan women Resolutions Family and Medical Leave Act Civil Rights Act of 1964 Declaration of Women’s Rights family leave policy Civil Rights Act of 1991 Defense Advisory Committee Family Support Act of 1988 Clark, Septima on Women in the Services Feinstein, Dianne Clay, Laura DeGette, Diana Felton, Rebecca Latimer Cleveland, Frances DeLauro, Rosa Feminine Mystique, The Clinton, Hillary Rodham Dennett, Mary feminism Clinton v. Jones Detzer, Dorothy Fenwick, Millicent Cohen v. Brown University Dewson, Mary Ferguson, Miriam Collins, Susan Dix, Dorothea Ferguson v. City of Charleston i-xx_WmAmPolitics_fm.indd viii 11/29/07 11:36:09 AM List of Entries ix Ferraro, Geraldine Harris, Patricia Jones, Stephanie Tubbs Fillmore, Abigail Harrison, Anna Symmes Jordan, Barbara Charline First Lady of the United States Harrison, Caroline Kaptur, Marcia Flynn, Elizabeth Gurley Harris v. Forklift Systems, Inc. Kassebaum, Nancy Landon Fonda, Jane Harris v. McRae Kelley, Florence Ford, Betty Hart, Melissa Kelly, Sue Foxx, Virginia Hartford Accident and Indemnity Kennedy, Jacqueline Bouvier Freedom of Access to Clinic Co. v. Insurance Commis- Kilpatrick, Carolyn Cheeks Entrances Act sioner of the Commonwealth King, Coretta Scott Freeman, Jo of PA Kirkpatrick, Jeane J. French, Marilyn Hayes, Lucy Kreps, Juanita Friedan, Betty Height, Dorothy Irene Kunin, Madeleine May Frontiero v. Richardon Herseth Sandlin, Stephanie Ladies Association of Philadel- Gage, Matilda Joslyn Hill, Anita Faye phia gag rule Hills, Carla Anderson LaHaye, Beverly Garfield, Lucretia Hill v. Colorado Landrieu, Mary Geduldig v. Aiello Hishon v. King & Spalding League of Women Voters gender gap Hobby, Oveta Culp Lease, Mary Elizabeth gender stereotypes Hodgson v. Minnesota Ledbetter v. Goodyear Tire and General Electric Company v. Hoey, Jane Rubber Co. Gilbert Holm, Jeanne Lee, Barbara General Federation of Women’s hooks, bell Lemons v. City and County of Clubs Hooley, Darlene Denver Gilbreth, Lillian Hoover, Lou Lenroot, Katherine Gilligan, Carol Howe, Julia Ward lesbian separatism Gilman, Charlotte Perkins Hoyt v. Florida Liliuokalani Ginsburg, Ruth Bader Huerta, Dolores Lincoln, Blanche Glaspie, April Hull-House Lincoln, Mary Todd glass ceiling Hutchinson, Anne Lockwood, Belva Glass Ceiling Commission Hutchison, Kay Bailey Lofgren, Zoe Goldman, Emma Hyde Amendment Loving v. Virginia Granger, Kay Immigrants’ Protective League Low, Juliette Grant, Julia Independent Women’s Forum Lowell, Josephine Shaw Grasso, Ella International Ladies’ Garment Lowey, Nita Griffiths, Martha Wright Workers’ Union Luce, Clare Boothe Grimké, Angelina International Women’s Day Lyon, Mary Grimké, Sarah Moore interspousal immunity MacKinnon, Catharine Alice Griswold v. Connecticut Ireland, Patricia Madison, Dolley Grove City College v. Bell iron-jawed angels Malcolm, Ellen R. Guerrilla Girls Jackson-Lee, Sheila Maloney, Carolyn Guinier, Lani Johnson, Eddie Bernice Mankiller, Wilma Hamer, Fannie Lou Johnson, Eliza Mansell v. Mansell Harding, Florence Johnson, Lady Bird Mansfield, Arabella Harman, Jane Johnson, Nancy March for Women’s Lives Harriman, Pamela Johnson v. Calvert Married Women’s Property Act Harris, Katherine Jones, Mary Harris of New York i-xx_WmAmPolitics_fm.indd ix 11/29/07 11:36:10 AM
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