Encyclopedia of wars Charles Phillips and Alan Axelrod Encyclopedia of Wars Copyright © 2005 by Zenda, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval systems, without permission in writing from the publisher. For information contact: Facts On File, Inc. 132 West 31st Street New York NY 10001 Library of Congress Cataloging in PublicationData Phillips, Charles, 1948– Encyclopedia of wars / Charles Phillips and Alan Axelrod p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-8160-2851-6 (set: alk. paper) ISBN 0-8160-2852-4 (vol. 1)—ISBN 0-8160-2853-2 (vol. 2)— ISBN 0-8160-2854-0 (vol. 3) ISBN 978-1-4381-1030-1 (e-book) 1. Military history—Encyclopedias. I. Axelrod, Alan, 1952– II. Title. D25.A2P49 2004 355'.003—dc22 2003028010 Facts On File books are available at special discounts when purchased in bulk quantities for businesses, associations, institutions or sales promotions. Please call our Special Sales Department in New York at (212) 967-8800 or (800) 322-8755. You can find Facts On File on the World Wide Web at http://www.factsonfile.com Text adaptation by Erika K. Arroyo and David C. Strelecky Cover design by Cathy Rincon Maps by Sholto Ainslie Printed in the United States of America VB FOF 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 This book is printed on acid-free paper. C ontents List of Entries iv List of Maps xvi Contributors and Reviewers xviii Acknowledgments xxi Introduction xxii Entries A to Z 1 Chronology 1406 Selected Bibliography 1426 L E IST OF NTRIES VOLUME I Algerine War Anglo-Scottish War (1079–1080) Abbasid Rebellion Algonquian-Dutch War Anglo-Scottish War (1214–1216) Abd el-Kader, First War of Almohad Conquest of Muslim Spain Anglo-Scottish War (1482) Abd el-Kader, Second War of Almoravid Conquest of Muslim Spain Anglo-Scottish War (1513) Abd el-Kader, Third War of Almoravid Conquest of West Africa Anglo-Scottish War (1542–1549) Abenaki War, First American-French Quasi-War Anglo-Scottish War (1559–1560) Abenaki War, Third American Revolution: Overview Anglo-Siamese War Achaean War (1775–1783) Anglo-Spanish War (1586–1604) Achinese Rebellion American Revolution: Coastal Theater Anglo-Spanish War (1655–1659) Achinese Sackings of Johore (1775–1783) Anglo-Spanish War (1727–1729) Achinese War American Revolution: Frontier Theater Angolan Civil War Acoma Revolt (1775–1783) Angolan War for Independence Aethelbald’s Wars Anabasis, The: Revolt of Cyrus An Lushan’s Rebellion Aethelfrith’s Wars Anabasis, The: March of the Ten Thousand Anson’s Cruise Afghan Civil War (1928–1929) Anastasius II, Revolt of Antiochus III, Invasion of Parthia by Afghan Civil War (1979–1992) Anglian-Pictish War Apache Uprising Afghan-Maratha War Anglo-Burmese War, First Appenzell War Afghan Rebellions Anglo-Burmese War, Second Aquitainian Rebellion Afghan Revolt Anglo-Burmese War, Third Arab Conquest of Carthage Afghan War, First Anglo-Dutch War in Java Arab Insurrection in Iraq Afghan War, Second Anglo-Dutch War in West Africa Arab Invasion of Persia Afghan War, Third Anglo-French War (1109–1113) Arab-Israeli War (1948–1949) Afghan War between Ghur and Ghazna Anglo-French War (1116–1119) Arab-Israeli War (1956) Agathocles’ War against Carthage Anglo-French War (1123–1135) Arab-Israeli War (1967) Alaungpaya’s Wars of Conquest Anglo-French War (1159–1189) Arab-Israeli War (1973) Albanian-Turkish Wars Anglo-French War (1202–1204) Arab Revolt Albanian Uprising, First Anglo-French War (1213–1214) Arab Uprising in German East Africa Albanian Uprisings Anglo-French War (1242–1243) Aragonese-Castilian War Albigensian Crusade Anglo-French War (1294–1298) Aragonese Civil War Alemannic Invasion of Gaul Anglo-French War (1300–1303) Aragonese Conquest of Sardinia Alexander’s Advance into Central Asia Anglo-French War (1475) Aragonese-French War (1209–1213) Alexander’s Army, the July Mutiny of Anglo-French War (1542–1546) Aragonese-French War (1284–1285) Alexander’s Campaigns of Consolidation Anglo-French War (1549–1550) Aragonese-Genoese War Alexander’s Invasion of India Anglo-French War (1557–1560) Aragonese-Neapolitan War Alexander’s Occupation of Egypt Anglo-French War (1627–1628) Arbogast and Eugenius, Revolt of Alexander’s Persian Campaign Anglo-Irish Civil War Arcadian War Alexander’s Siege of Gaza Anglo-Norman Rebellion Archidamian War Algerian-Moroccan War Anglo-Persian War Archive War Algerian War of Independence Anglo-Portuguese War Ardoin’s Revolt iv List of Entries v Ardoin’s Wars Axe, War of the Bohemian Civil War (1390–1419) Argentine-Brazilian War Aztec Wars of Expansion Bohemian Civil War (1448–1451) Argentine Civil War Babur’s Conquest of Bihar and Bengal Bohemian Civil War (1465–1471) Argentine “Dirty War” Babur’s Invasion of North India Bohemian-Hungarian War (1260–1270) Argentine Revolt (1951) Babur’s Lahore Campaign Bohemian-Hungarian War (1468–1478) Argentine Revolt (1955) Babur’s Raids on the Punjab Bohemian-Palatine War Argentine Revolts Babylon, Fall of Bolivian Guerrilla War Argentine War of Independence Babylonian Captivity of Jerusalem Bolivian National Revolution Argive War Babylonian Revolt Bolivian Revolt (1946) Arikara War Bacon’s Rebellion Bolivian Revolt (1971) Armagnac-Burgundian Civil War Bactrian-Hellenic Invasion of India Bolshevik Revolution Armenian Massacres (1894–1897) Bactrian-Parthian War Bosnia, War in Armenian Massacres (1909) Bactrian-Syrian War Bosnian-Turkish War Armenian Massacres (1915) Bahmani Civil War Boudicca’s Revolt Aroostook War Bahmani-Delhi Sultanate War Boxer Rebellion Arrabal, Revolt of the Baldwin of Flanders, Revolt of Boyars’ Revolt Arundel’s Rebellion Balkan War, First Bozeman Trail, War for the Aryan Invasions Balkan War, Second Brabant Revolution Asens’ Uprising Bannockburn, Campaign of Brasidas’s Invasion Ashanti, Rise of the Bannock War Brazilian Revolt (1893–1895) Ashanti Uprising Bar Cocheba’s Revolt Brazilian Revolt (1964) Ashanti War, First Barcelona Radical Uprising Brazilian Revolution Ashanti War, Second Barons’ War Brazilian War of Independence Ashanti War, Third Basque War for Independence Breton Succession, War of the Ashanti War, Fourth Basuto Gun War Bruce’s Revolt Assyria, Fall of Basuto War Buckingham’s Revolt Assyrian Conquest of Egypt Batavian Revolt Buckshot War Assyrian Conquest of Palestine and Syria Batetelan Uprisings Bukhara, Fall of Assyrian-Hurrian Wars Bavarian Succession, War of the Bulgar and Slav Raids Assyrian Wars (c. 1244–c. 1200 B.C.E.) Bavarian War Bulgarian-Byzantine War (755–772) Assyrian Wars (c. 1200–c. 1032 B.C.E.) Bay of Islands War Bulgarian-Byzantine War (780–783) Assyrian Wars (c. 1032–c. 746 B.C.E.) Bay of Pigs Invasion Bulgarian-Byzantine War (808–817) Assyrian Wars (c. 746– 609 B.C.E.) Bear Flag Rebellion Bulgarian-Byzantine War (889–897) Asturian Uprising Bear River Campaign Bulgarian-Byzantine War (913–927) Aurangzeb, Wars of Béarnese Revolt, First Bulgarian-Byzantine War (981–1018) Aurelian’s War against Tetricus Béarnese Revolt, Second Bulgarian-Byzantine War (1261–1265) Aurelian’s War against Zenobia Béarnese Revolt, Third Bulgarian Revolt (1040–1041) Australian Irish Convict Revolt Beaver Wars Bulgarian Revolt (1875) Australian Rum Rebellion “Beer Hall Putsch” Bulgarian Revolt (1876) Austrian Netherlands Civil War Bengalese-British War (1686) Bulgar-Magyar War Austrian Revolution Bengalese-British War (1756–1757) Burgundian-Frankish War (500) Austrian Succession, War of the Bengalese-British War (1763–1765) Burgundian-Frankish War (523–534) Austro-Swiss War (1385–1388) Bengalese-Marathan War Burgundian-Swiss War (1339) Austro-Swiss War (1460) Bhutan War Burgundian-Swiss War (1474–1477) Austro-Swiss War (1499) Bishops’ War, First Burmese-Chinese War (1438–1446) Austro-Turkish War (1529–1533) Bishops’ War, Second Burmese-Chinese War (1658–1661) Austro-Turkish War (1537–1547) Black Hawk’s War Burmese-Chinese War (1765–1769) Austro-Turkish War (1551–1553) Black Hundreds, Raids of the Burmese Civil War (1368–1408) Austro-Turkish War (1566) Black Prince’s Navarette Campaign Burmese Civil War (1408–1417) Austro-Turkish War (1591–1606) Black War Burmese Civil War (1426–1440) Austro-Turkish War (1663–1664) Boer Uprising Burmese Civil War (1507–1527) Austro-Turkish War (1683–1699) Boer War, First Burmese Civil War (1535–1546) Austro-Turkish War (1716–1718) Boer War, Second Burmese Civil War (1551–1559) Avar Wars for Empire Boer-Zulu War Burmese Civil War (1599) Avar-Xiongnu War Bogomils’ Revolt Burmese Civil War (1740–1752) vi List of Entries Burmese Civil War (1753–1757) Caesar’s War in Pontus Chilean War of Independence Burmese Guerrilla War Cambodian Civil War Chindit War Burmese-Laotian War (1558) Cambodian Rebellion Chinese-Annamese War (907–939) Burmese-Laotian War (1564–1565) Camisards’ Rebellion Chinese-Annamese War (1057–1061) Burmese-Laotian War (1571–1575) Candian War Chinese-Annamese War (1075–1079) Burmese-Laotian War (1581–1592) Carlist War, First Chinese-Cham War (431–446) Burmese-Manipurian War (1714–1749) Carlist War, Second Chinese-Cham War (605) Burmese-Manipurian War (1755–1758) Carlist War, Third Chinese Civil War (1398–1402) Burmese-Manipurian War (1764) Carnatic War, First Chinese Civil War (1621–1644) Burmese-Manipurian War (1770) Carnatic War, Second Chinese Civil War (1927–1937) Burmese-Portuguese War Carthaginian Civil War Chinese Civil War (1945–1949) Burundian Civil War (1972) Carthaginian-Syracusan War Chinese Conquest of Nam Viet Burundian Civil War (1993–ongoing) Carthaginian War against Pyrrhus of Epirus Chinese Cultural Revolution Bushiri’s Uprising Carthaginian Wars of Expansion Chinese Revolts Byzantine-Avar War (595–602) Castilian Civil War (1065–1072) Chinese Revolution Byzantine-Avar War (603–626) Castilian Civil War (1214–1218) Chinese (Tong) Wars Byzantine Civil War (1094) Castilian Civil War (1474–1479) Chinese Wars with the Eastern Turks Byzantine Civil War (1222–1241) Castilian Conquest of Toledo Chinese War with Nanchao Byzantine Civil War (1259–1264) Catalan Company Raids Chinese War with the Khitans Byzantine Civil War (1321–1328) Catalan Revolt (1461–1472) Chinese War with the Tanguts, First Byzantine Civil War (1341–1347) Catalan Revolt (1640–1659) Chinese War with the Tanguts, Second Byzantine Civil War (1352–1355) Catalan Revolt (1934) Chinese War with the Western Turks, First Byzantine Invasions of Hungary Catherine the Great’s First War with the Chinese War with the Western Turks, Byzantine-Muslim War (633–642) Turks Second Byzantine-Muslim War (645–656) Catherine the Great’s Second War with the Chioggia, War of Byzantine-Muslim War (668–679) Turks Chitral Campaign Byzantine-Muslim War (698–718) Catiline Insurrection Chmielnicki’s Revolt Byzantine-Muslim War (739) Cavite Mutiny Cholan-Pandyan War Byzantine-Muslim War (741–752) Cayuse War Chremonidean War Byzantine-Muslim War (778–783) Celtiberian Wars Cid’s Conquest of Valencia, The Byzantine-Muslim War (797–798) Central American Federation Civil Wars Cimmerian Invasion of Phrygia Byzantine-Muslim War (803–809) Ceylonese Rebellion Ciompi, Revolt of the Byzantine-Muslim War (830–841) Chaco War Claiborne’s Rebellion Byzantine-Muslim War (851–863) Chadian Civil War Coalition, War of the First Byzantine-Muslim War (871–885) Chalukya Dynasty, Wars of the Coalition, War of the Second Byzantine-Muslim War (960–976) Chalukyan-Cholan Wars Coalition, War of the Third Byzantine-Muslim War (995–999) Chalukyan Civil War (1156–1181) Coeur d’Alene War Byzantine-Muslim Wars (1030–1035) Chalukyan Civil War (1180–1189) Cold War Byzantine–Ottoman Turk War (1302–1326) Chalukyan-Pallavan Wars Colombian Civil War Byzantine–Ottoman Turk War (1329–1338) Chalukyan-Rashtrakutan Wars Colombian Epoch of Civil Wars Byzantine–Ottoman Turk War (1359–1399) Chalukyan War against Harsha Colombian Guerrilla War Byzantine–Ottoman Turk War (1422) Cham Civil War Colombian Revolt Byzantine–Ottoman Turk War (1453–1461) Cham Invasion of the Mekong Delta Colombian War of Independence Byzantine-Persian War Charlemagne’s Conquests Comuneros’ Uprising in New Granada Byzantine Revolts Charlemagne’s Defeat of Desiderius Comuneros’ Uprising in Paraguay Byzantine-Russian War Charlemagne’s Invasion of Northern Spain Comuneros’ Uprising in Spain Byzantine–Seljuk Turk War (1048–1049) Charlemagne’s War against the Saxons Congolese Civil War Byzantine–Seljuk Turk War (1064–1081) Cherokee Uprising Corinthian-Corcyrean War Byzantine–Seljuk Turk War (1110–1117) Cheyenne and Arapaho War Corinthian War Byzantine–Seljuk Turk War (1158–1176) Cheyenne War, First Corsican Revolts Byzantine-Syrian War Chickasaw Resistance Costa Rican Civil War Byzantine War Children’s Crusade Costa Rican Rebellion Cabochien Revolt Chilean Civil War (1829–1830) Costa Rican Revolution Cade’s Rebellion Chilean Civil War (1891) Count’s War Cadiz Mutiny Chilean Revolt Covenanters’ Rebellion (1666) List of Entries vii Covenanters’ Rebellion (1679) David’s Wars of Conquest, King Ethiopian Unification Covenanters’ Rebellion (1685) Decembrists’ Uprising Etruscan-Roman Wars, Early Cracow Insurrection Delhi Sultanate Raids in South India Etruscan-Roman Wars, Later Creek War Delhi Sultanate Wars with Ghazna and Eureka Stockade Miners’ Rebellion Cresap’s War Ghur Euthydemus’s Revolt Cretan Rebellion (1770) Delhi Sultanate Wars with Gujarat and Falkland Islands War Cretan Rebellion (1821–1822) Malwa Fascist March on Rome Cretan Uprising (1866–1868) Delhi Sultanate Wars with Jaunpur Fatimid Conquest of Egypt, Palestine, and Cretan Uprising (1896) Demetrius, War of Syria Cretan Uprising (1935) Devolution, War of Fatimid Conquest of Morocco Crete, Fall of Diadochi, Wars of the Fatimid Shi’ite Revolt Crimean War Diodotus’s Revolt February (March) Revolution Cromwell’s Irish Campaign Dionysius War, First Fenian Raids Cromwell’s Scottish Campaign Dionysius War, Second Ferrarese War Crusade, First Dionysius War, Third Ferrarese War against the Papal States Crusade, Second Dionysius War, Fourth Fetterman Massacre Crusade, Third Dominican Republic Civil War Finnish War of Independence Crusade, Fourth Dorian Invasions Firmus’s Revolt Crusade, Fifth Dorr’s Rebellion “Five Days” Revolt Crusade, Sixth Douglas Rebellion Five Pecks of Rice Crusade, Seventh Dózsa’s Rebellion Flammock’s Rebellion Crusade, Eighth Drake’s Caribbean Raids Florentine-Milanese War (1351) Crusade, Ninth Druse Rebellion Florentine-Milanese War (1397–1402) Crusader-Turkish Wars (1100–1146) Druse Rebellions Florentine Revolt Crusader-Turkish Wars (1272–1291) Dutch Civil War Florentine War against the Great Company Cuba, Black Uprising in Dutch Invasion of Belgium Florentine War with the Papal States Cuban Revolt Dutch-Portuguese Wars in West Africa Florentine Wars against Pisa Cuban Revolts Dutch War, First Fox Resistance Cuban Revolution Dutch War, Second Franco-Austrian War Cuban War of Independence Dutch War, Third Franco–Barbary Pirates War Cuman Invasion of Russia Easter Uprising Franco-Burgundian Wars Cypriot War (1963–1964) Ecuadoran Civil War Franco-German War Cypriot War (1974) Ecuadoran-Colombian War Franco-Norman War Czechoslovakia, Invasion of Edward the Black Prince, Raids of Franco-Prussian War Dacian War, First Egyptian Revolt Franco-Spanish War (1648–1659) Dacian War, Second Eight Saints, War of the Franco-Spanish War (1823) Dacke’s War Eighty Years’ War Frankish-Alemannic War Dahomeyan-French War, First Emboadas, War of the Frankish-Avarian War Dahomeyan-French War, Second Emmet’s Insurrection Frankish-Byzantine War Damascene War English Barons’ Revolt Frankish Civil War, First Danish Civil War English Civil War (1215–1217) Frankish Civil War, Second Danish-Estonian War English Civil War, First Frankish Civil War, Third Danish-Prussian War English Civil War, Second Frankish-Moorish War, First Danish-Swedish War (1497–1500) English Conquest of Wales Frankish-Moorish War, Second Danish-Swedish War (1501–1512) English Dynastic War Fredonian Rebellion Danish-Swedish War (1563–1570) English Invasions of Ireland French and Indian War Danish-Swedish War (1643–1645) English Peasants’ Revolt French Civil War Danish-Swedish War (1675–1679) Esopus War French Conquest of Chad Danish War Estonian Revolt French Conquest of Mauritania Danish War against the Wends Estonian War of Independence French Conquest of North Africa Danish War with Holstein Ethiopia, British Expedition in French Indochina War (1858–1863) Danish War with the Hanseatic League, First Ethiopian Civil War French Indochina War (1873–1874) Danish War with the Hanseatic League, Ethiopian-Egyptian War French Indochina War (1882–1885) Second Ethiopian-Eritrean Guerrilla War French Indochina War (1946–1954) D’Annunzio’s War Ethiopian-Somali Border War French Revolution (1789–1799) viii List of Entries French Revolution (1830) Greek War of Independence Hungarian Civil War (1540–1547) French Revolution (1848) Grenada, Invasion of Hungarian Civil War (1921) French Revolutionary Wars Guatemalan Revolution Hungarian Pagan Uprising French War Guatemalan War Hungarian Revolt Fries’s Rebellion Guerre Folle Hungarian Revolution (1848–1849) Fronde, Wars of the “Güglers” War Hungarian Revolution (1918) Guinea-Bissauan War of Independence Hungarian-Turkish War (1437–1438) VOLUME II Gupta Dynasty, Conquests of the Hungarian-Turkish War (1441–1444) Gabriel’s Rebellion Gurkha War Hungarian-Turkish War (1444–1456) Gallic Wars: Ariovistusian Campaign Guyanan Rebellion Hungarian-Turkish War (1463–1483) Gallic Wars: Helvetian Campaign Haitian Civil War Hungarian-Turkish War (1492–1494) Gallic Wars: Belgian Campaign Haitian-French War Hungarian-Turkish War (1521–1526) Gallic Wars: Morinian and Menapiian Haitian Reconquest of Santo Domingo Hungarian-Venetian War (1171) Campaign Haitian Revolt (1858–1859) Hungarian-Venetian War (1342–1346) Gallic Wars: Veneti Campaign Haitian Revolt (1915) Hungarian-Venetian War (1357–1358) Gallic Wars: First Invasion of Britain Haitian Revolt (1918–1920) Hungarian-Venetian War (1378–1381) Gallic Wars: Germanic Campaign Hammurabi’s Unification of Mesopotamia Hungarian War with the Holy Roman Gallic Wars: Revolt of the Gauls Hancock’s Campaign Empire Gallic Wars: Second Invasion of Britain Hannibal’s Destruction of Himera Hun Invasion of Gothic Empire Gallic Wars: Revolt of the Belgae Hannibal’s Sack of Acragas Hun Raids: Hun Invasion of Thrace (409) Gallic Wars: Revolt in Central Gaul Hapsburg-Bohemian War Hun Raids: Eastern Empire’s Italian Gallic Wars: Final Pacification of Gaul Hapsburg Brothers’ War Expedition (against John) (424–425) Garibaldi’s Invasion of Sicily Hapsburg Conquest of Hungary Hun Raids: Eastern Empire’s African Gascon Nobles’ Revolt Hapsburg Dynastic Wars Expedition (431) Gaston of Foix, Campaigns of Hapsburg-Ottoman War for Hungary Hun Raids: Attila’s Eastern Conquests Gempei War Hapsburg-Valois War (433–441) Genghis Khan’s Conquest of Kara-Khitai Hawaiian Wars Hun Raids: Attila’s First Invasion of Genghis Khan’s First War with the Xi Xia Heiji War Eastern Empire (441–443) Empire Henry II’s Campaigns in Wales Hun Raids: Attila’s Second Invasion of Genghis Khan’s Second War with the Xi Henry VII’s First Invasion of Brittany Eastern Empire (447) Xia Empire Henry VII’s Second Invasion of Brittany Hun Raids: Attila’s Invasion of Western Genghis Khan’s Unification of Mongolia Henry of Bolingbroke’s Revolt Empire (450–452) Genghis Khan’s War with the Jin Empire Henry the Wrangler’s Revolts Hurrian Conquests German Civil Wars (938–941) Herero Uprising Hussite Civil War German Civil War (1077–1106) Himilco’s War Hussite Wars German Civil War (1197–1214) Hittite Conquest of Anatolia Hyksos Invasion of Egypt German Civil War (1314–1325) Hittite-Hurrian Wars Iconoclastic War, First German Civil War (1400–1411) Hogen War Iconoclastic War, Second German Revolution Holy League, War of the Illyrian War, First Ghassanid-Lakhmid Wars Holy Roman Empire–Papacy War Illyrian War, Second Ghost Dance Uprising (1081–1084) Inca Revolt Glencoe Massacre Holy Roman Empire–Papacy War Indian Civil War Glendower’s Revolt (1228–1241) Indian Mutiny Glorious Revolution Holy Roman Empire–Papacy War Indonesian-Malaysian War Golden Horde Dynastic War (1243–1250) Indonesian War in East Timor Golden Horde–Il-Khan Civil War Honduran Civil War Indonesian War of Independence Gothic (Italian) War Honduran Guerrilla War Indonesian Wars Gothic-Sarmatian War Honduran-Nicaraguan War Indo-Pakastani War (1947–1948) Granada, Siege of Hottentot Uprising Indo-Pakastani War (1965) Grand Alliance, War of the Hukbalahap Rebellion Indo-Pakastani War (1971) Grattan Massacre Hundred Days’ War Ionian Revolt Greco-Persian Wars Hundred Years’ War Iranian Revolution Greco-Turkish War (1897) Hungarian Civil War (1301–1308) Iran-Iraq War Greco-Turkish War (1920–1922) Hungarian Civil War (1439–1440) Irish Raids in Britain Greek Civil War Hungarian Civil War (1526–1529) Irish Rebellion, Great List of Entries ix Irish Tithe War Johnson County War Latin Empire–Byzantine Empire War, Irish War Jokyu War Second Iroquois-French Wars Jordanian Civil War Latin Empire–Byzantine Empire War, Iroquois-Huron War Juchen Mongol Conquest of the Liao Third Isaurian War Juchen Mongol Invasion of the Sung Latin War Italian Revolts Empire Latvian War of Independence Italian Revolution Jugurthine War League of Cambrai, War of the Italian Uprisings Jülich Succession, War of the Lebanese Civil War (1958) Italian War between Charles V and Justinian’s First Persian War Lebanese Civil War (1975–1992) Francis I, First Justinian’s Second Persian War Leisler’s Rebellion Italian War between Charles V and Kaffir War, First Lelantine War Francis I, Second Kaffir War, Second Lepidus, Revolt of Italian War between Charles V and Kaffir War, Third Libyan-Egyptian War Francis I, Third Kaffir War, Fourth Lithuanian War of Independence Italian War between Charles V and Kaffir War, Fifth Little Turtle’s War Francis I, Fourth Kaffir War, Sixth Livonian War Italian War of Charles VIII Kaffir War, Eighth Lombard Conquest of Central Danube Italian War of Independence Kaffir War, Ninth Valley Italian War of Louis XII Kalmar, War of Lombard Invasion of Italy Italo-Ethiopian War (1887–1889) Kalmar Civil War Lombard League, Wars of the Italo-Ethiopian War (1895–1896) Kalmar War with Holstein Lord Dunmore’s War Italo-Ethiopian War (1935–1936) Kalmar War with the Hanseatic League Louis XIV’s Rhenish Invasion Italo-Turkish War Kampuchean Civil War Lovewell’s War Jacobite Rebellion (1689–1690) Kampuchean-Thai Border War Lübeck’s War Jacobite Rebellion (1715–1716) Kansas-Missouri Border Wars Lubomirski’s Rebellion Jacobite Rebellion (1745–1746) Kappel Wars Luccan-Florentine War Jacquerie Karmathian Revolt Lusitanian War Jameson Raid Kett’s Rebellion Ly Bon’s Rebellion Janissaries’ Revolt (1621–1622) Kharijite Rebellion Macbeth’s Wars Janissaries’ Revolt (1703) Kharijite Revolt Maccabees, Revolt of the Janissaries’ Revolt (1730) Khazar-Muslim Caucasus War Macdonald Rebellion Janissaries’ Revolt (1807–1808) Khmer-Cham War (1050–1051) Macedonian Insurrection Janissaries’ Revolt (1826) Khmer-Cham War (1144–1150) Macedonian War, First Japanese Civil War (672) Khmer-Cham War (1167–1190) Macedonian War, Second Japanese Civil War (764–765) Khmer-Cham War (1191–1203) Macedonian War, Third Japanese Civil War (936–941) Khmer-Thai Wars Macedonian War, Fourth Japanese Civil War (1331–1333) Khorasan Rebellion Mackenzie’s Rebellion Japanese Civil Wars (1336–1392) Khurramites’ Revolt Madagascar Revolt Japanese Civil Wars (1450–1550) Kickapoo Uprising Madagascar Wars with France Japanese Civil Wars (1560–1584) King George’s War “Mad Mullah,” Holy Wars of the Japanese Earlier Nine Years’ War King Philip’s War Madura Revolt Japanese Invasion of Korea King William’s War Magyar Raid, Great (954–955) Japanese Later Three Years’ War Kiowa War Magyar Raid into Europe, First (862) Javanese-Chinese-Dutch War Knights’ War Magyar Raids in France (907–954) Javanese Invasion of Malacca Korean War Magyar Raids in the Holy Roman Empire Javanese War of Succession, First Kornilov’s Revolt (894–955) Javanese War of Succession, Second Kronstadt Rebellion Mahabat Khan’s Insurrection Javanese War of Succession, Third Kun’s Red Terror Mahmud of Ghazna, Conquests of Java Revolt Kurdish Resistance against Iraq Maillotin Uprising Java War, Great Kurdistan Insurrection Maji Maji Uprising Jenkins’ Ear, War of Lamian War Malacca, Siege of Jericho, Fall of Laotian Civil War Malay Jungle Wars Jewish-Philistine Wars Laotian Guerrilla War Mamluk-Ottoman War (1485–1491) Jewish Revolt (66–73) Latin Empire–Byzantine Empire War, Mamluk-Persian-Ottoman War Jewish Revolt (115–117) First (1514–1517)
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