Table Of Content

Editorial Board Editor Ray Hutchison University of Wisconsin, Green Bay Advisory Board Manuel B. Aalbers University of Amsterdam Robert A. Beauregard Columbia University Mike Crang Durham University Copyright © 2010 by SAGE Publications, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. For information: SAGE Publications, Inc. 2455 Teller Road Thousand Oaks, California 91320 E-mail: [email protected] SAGE Publications Ltd. 1 Oliver’s Yard 55 City Road London EC1Y 1SP United Kingdom SAGE Publications India Pvt. Ltd. B 1/I 1 Mohan Cooperative Industrial Area Mathura Road, New Delhi 110 044 India SAGE Publications Asia-Pacific Pte. Ltd. 33 Pekin Street #02-01 Far East Square Singapore 048763 Printed in the United States of America Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Encyclopedia of urban studies/edited by Ray Hutchison. v. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-4129-1432-1 (cloth) 1. Cities and towns—Encyclopedias. 2. Sociology, Urban—Encyclopedias. I. Hutchison, Ray. HT108.5.E634 2010 307.76003—dc22 2009026609 This book is printed on acid-free paper. 09 10 11 12 13 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Publisher: Rolf A. Janke Assistant to the Publisher: Michele Thompson Acquisitions Editor: Robert Rojek Developmental Editor: Sara Tauber Reference Systems Manager: Leticia Gutierrez Reference Systems Coordinator: Laura Notton Production Editor: Tracy Buyan Copy Editors: Colleen Brennan, Jackie Tasch Typesetter: C&M Digitals (P) Ltd. Proofreaders: Kristin Bergstad, Rae-Ann Goodwin Indexer: David Luljak Cover Designer: Gail Buschman Marketing Manager: Amberlyn McKay Contents List of Entries vii Reader’s Guide xi About the Editors xvii Contributors xix Introduction xxv Acknowledgments xxviii Entries A 1 M 481 B 51 N 541 C 97 O 575 D 203 P 579 E 241 R 629 F 265 S 679 G 285 T 795 H 339 U 833 I 389 V 951 J 411 W 957 K 419 Z 977 L 427 Index 981 List of Entries Acropolis Canberra, Australia Advocacy Planning Capital City Affordable Housing Capitalist City Agora Caravanserai Airports Castells, Manuel Alinsky, Saul Catastrophe Allegory of Good Government Chicago, Illinois Almshouses Chicago School of Urban Sociology Alonso, William Childe, V. Gordon Amsterdam, the Netherlands Chinatowns Ancient Cities Christopher Wren, Plan of London Annexation Cinema (Movie House) Apartheid Cinematic Urbanism Arcade Citizen Participation Architecture Citizenship Asian Cities City and Film Athens, Greece City Beautiful Movement City Club Back-to-the-City Movement City Map Banlieue City of Memory Barcelona, Spain City Planning Barrio City Users Bazaar Colonial City Béguinage Common Interest Development Benjamin, Walter Community Berlin, Germany Community Development Berry, Brian J. L. Community Garden Bilbao, Spain Community Organizing Bohemian Community Studies Bombay, India. See Mumbai (Bombay), India Condominium Brasília, Brazil Constantinople. See Istanbul, Turkey Broadacre City Convention Centers Bruges, Belgium Creative Class Buenos Aires, Argentina Crime Bungalow Cultural Heritage Bunkers Cyburbia Buses Damascus, Syria Cairo, Egypt Davis, Mike Calcutta, India. See Kolkata (Calcutta), India de Certeau, Michel vii viii List of Entries Deindustrialization Halfway House Delhi, India Hall, Peter Developer Harvey, David Dickens, Charles Haussmann, Baron Georges-Eugène Disability and the City Hawley, Amos Discotheque Healthy Cities Disinvestment Heritage City Displacement Heterotopia Divided Cities Hip Hop Downs, Anthony Hiroshima, Japan Downtown Revitalization Historic Cities Drug Economy Homelessness Du Bois, W. E. B. Homeowners Associations Homeownership Edge City Hong Kong, China Environmental Justice Hotel, Motel Environmental Policy Housing Environmental Psychology Housing Policy Ethnic Enclave Housing Tenure Ethnic Entrepreneurship Human Ecology Exclusionary Zoning Exopolis Ideal City Informational City Factorial Ecology Intellectuals Fair Housing Isard, Walter Favela Islamic City Flâneur Istanbul, Turkey Florence, Italy Forum Jackson, Kenneth T. Fourth World Jacobs, Jane Fujita, Masahisa Journey to Work Gans, Herbert Kampung Garden City Kolkata (Calcutta), India Gated Community Kracauer, Siegfried Gay Space Geddes, Patrick Lagos, Nigeria Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft Land Development Gendered Space Landscape Architecture Gender Equity Planning Landscapes of Power General Plan Land Trusts Gentrification Las Vegas, Nevada Ghetto Lawn Global City Le Corbusier Globalization Lefebvre, Henri Gottdiener, Mark Local Government Governance Location Theory Graffiti Loft Living Growth Machine London, United Kingdom Growth Management Los Angeles, California Growth Poles Los Angeles School of Urban Studies List of Entries ix Lösch, August Public Art Lynch, Kevin Public Authorities Public–Private Partnerships Manchester, United Kingdom Public Realm Manila, Philippines Marxism and the City Racialization Medieval Town Design Railroad Station Mediterranean Cities Real Estate Megacity. See Megalopolis; Urbanization Red-Light District Megalopolis Redlining Metropolis Regime Theory Metropolitan Regional Governance Metropolitan Governance Regional Planning Metropolitan Region Renaissance City Mexico City, Mexico Rent Control Moscow, Russian Federation Rent Theory Moses, Robert Resort Motel. See Hotel, Motel Restrictive Covenant Multicultural Cities Revanchist City Mumbai (Bombay), India Right to the City Mumford, Lewis Riis, Jacob Museums Rome, Italy National Urban League. See Urban League Santa Fe, New Mexico Necropolis Santiago de Compostela, Spain Neighborhood Revitalization São Paulo, Brazil New Delhi, India. See Delhi, India Sassen, Saskia New Regionalism Savannah, Georgia New Urbanism Sert, Josep Lluís New Urban Sociology Sewer New York City, New York Sex and the City New York World’s Fair, 1939–1940 Sex Industry Nightlife Shanghai, China Night Spaces Shophouse Non-Place Realm Shopping Non-Sexist City Shopping Center Nuclear War Siena, Italy. See Allegory of Good Government SimCity Other Global Cities Simmel, Georg Simulacra Paris, France Singapore Parks Situationist City Patchwork Urbanism Skateboarding Photography and the City Social Exclusion Piazza Social Housing Placemaking Social Movements Planning Theory Social Production of Space Political Machine Social Space Primate City Society of the Spectacle Progressive City Soja, Edward W. Prostitution. See Sex Industry Spaces of Difference