RRTT2200002211__FFMM__VVooll11..iinndddd 11 99//2299//0055 1111::4455::0022 AAMM PPrroocceessss CCyyaannPPrroocceessss MMaaggeennttaaPPrroocceessss YYeelllloowwPPrroocceessss BBllaacckk BOARD OF ADVISORS Deborah Bright Faculty, Photography, Art and Architectural History Rhode Island School of Design Providence, Rhode Island Philip Brookman Senior Curator of Photography and Media Arts The Corcoran Gallery of Art Washington, D.C. Patty Carroll Photographer Chicago, Illinois Alan Cohen Faculty, Art History, Theory and Criticism School of The Art Institute of Chicago, Illinois A.D. Coleman Critic and Historian of Photography New York, New York Linda Connor Faculty, Photography San Francisco Art Institute San Francisco, California Charles Desmarais Director Contemporary Arts Center Cincinnati, Ohio Natasha Egan Curator, Museum of Contemporary Photography Columbia College Chicago, Illinois Lisa K. Erf Curator of Collections Bank One Chicago, Illinois Marta Gili Head, Photography Department Serveis Centrals de la Fundacio´ ‘‘la Caixa’’ Barcelona, Spain iii Ellen Handy Art History Faculty, Art Department City College of New York New York, New York Mark Haworth-Booth Senior Curator of Photographs Victoria and Albert Museum London, United Kingdom Lynn Herbert Senior Curator Contemporary Arts Museum Houston, Texas Eikoh Hosoe Photographer and Professor Tokyo, Japan John P. Jacob Director Photography Curators Resource Blue Hill, Maine Deborah Klochko Director Ansel Adams Center for Photography San Francisco, California Ryszard Kluszczynski Curator and Writer Warsaw, Poland Laura Letinsky Faculty, Committee on the Visual Arts University of Chicago Chicago, Illinois Asko Ma¨kela¨ Director, Finnish Museum of Photography Helsinki, Finland Arthur Ollman Director and Curator Museum of Photographic Arts San Diego, California Esther G. Parada Faculty, Art Department, School of Art and Design University of Illinois Chicago, Illinois iv Ulrich Pohlmann Director Mu¨nchner Stadtmuseum Mu¨nchen, Germany Charles Dare Scheips Archivist Conde´ Nast Publications New York, New York Charlotte Townsend-Gault Faculty, Department of Fine Arts University of British Columbia Vancouver, Canada Gary van Wyk Curator Axis Gallery New York, New York Katherine Ware Curator of Photographs Philadelphia Museum of Art Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Deborah Willis-Kennedy Curator Anacostia Museum and Center for African American History and Culture Smithsonian Institution Washington, D.C. Trudy Wilner Stack Curator, Historian Tucson, Arizona Paul Wombell Director The Photographers’ Gallery London, United Kingdom Tim Wride Curator of Photography Los Angeles County Museum of Art Los Angeles, California v Volumes I - III Published in 2006 by Published in Great Britain by Routledge Routledge Taylor & Francis Group Taylor & Francis Group 270 Madison Avenue 2 Park Square New York, NY 10016 Milton Park, Abingdon Oxon OX14 4RN © 2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 International Standard Book Number-10: 1-57958-393-8 (Hardcover) International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-57958-393-4 (Hardcover) Library of Congress Card Number 2005046287 No part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmitted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers. Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography / Lynne Warren, editor. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 1-57958-393-8 (set : alk. paper) -- ISBN 0-415-97665-0 (vol. 1: alk. paper) -- ISBN 0-415-97666-9 (vol. 2 : alk. paper) -- ISBN 0-415-97667-7 (vol. 3 : alk. paper) Photography, Artistic. I. Title: Encyclopedia of 20th century photography. II. Warren, Lynne. TR642.E5 2005 770'.9'0403--dc22 2005046287 Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at http://www.taylorandfrancis.com and the Routledge Web site at Taylor & Francis Group is the Academic Division of T&F Informa plc. http://www.routledge-ny.com Contents Contributors xi Alphabetical List of Entries xv Thematic List of Entries xxi Glossary xxvii Introduction xxxvii EntriesAtoZ 1 Index I1 ix
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