Encyclopedia of Transportation: Social Science and Policy PDF
Preview Encyclopedia of Transportation: Social Science and Policy
Encyclopedia of TRANSPORTATION Encyclopedia of T R A N S P O R TAT I O N Social Science and Policy Volume 1 Mark Garrett EDITOR University of California, Los Angeles FOR INFORMATION: Copyright © 2014 by SAGE Publications, Inc. SAGE Publications, Inc. 2455 Teller Road All rights reserved. No part of this book may be Thousand Oaks, California 91320 reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, E-mail: [email protected] electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval SAGE Publications India Pvt. Ltd. system, without permission in writing from the publisher. B 1/I 1 Mohan Cooperative Industrial Area Mathura Road, New Delhi 110 044 India Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data SAGE Publications Ltd. 1 Oliver’s Yard Encyclopedia of transportation : social science and 55 City Road policy / Mark Garrett, editor, University of California, Los London EC1Y 1SP Angeles. United Kingdom volumes cm Includes bibliographical references and index. SAGE Publications Asia-Pacific Pte. Ltd. ISBN 978-1-4522-6779-1 (hardcover : alk. paper) 1. 3 Church Street Transportation--Encyclopedias. 2. Transportation and #10-04 Samsung Hub state--Encyclopedias. I. Garrett, Mark Evan, 1955- Singapore 049483 HE141.E534 2014 388.03--dc23 2014004321 Executive Editor: Jim Brace-Thompson Cover Designer: Edgar Abarca Reference Systems Manager: Leticia Gutierrez Reference Systems Coordinators: Laura Notton Anna Villasenor Reference Production Manager: Eric Garner Marketing Manager: Carmel Schrire Golson Media President and Editor: J. Geoffrey Golson Director, Author Management: Lisbeth Rogers Author Manager: Thomas Walzer Production Director: Mary Jo Scibetta Layout Editor: Oona Patrick Copyeditors: Marie Griffin, Barbara Paris Production Editor: TLK Editing Services Proofreaders: Kathy Hix, Barbara Paris Indexer: J S Editorial 14 15 16 17 18 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Contents Volume 1 List of Articles vii Reader’s Guide xv About the Editor xxiii List of Contributors xxv Introduction xxxi Chronology xxxvii Articles A 1 C 345 B 261 D 421 Volume 2 List of Articles vii Articles E 453 I 775 F 547 J 857 G 609 L 869 H 657 M 899 Volume 3 List of Articles vii Articles N 949 R 1113 O 1005 S 1195 P 1015 T 1305 Q 1109 Volume 4 List of Articles vii Articles T (cont.) 1443 W 1717 U 1657 Z 1739 V 1687 Glossary of Terms and Acronyms 1743 Resource Guide 1751 Appendixes 1757 Index 1843 Photo Credits 1945 List of Articles A Airline Deregulation Act of 1978 Access Roads Airline Fares Accessibility and Mobility Airline Flight Reservation and Accident Avoidance Systems. See Automobile Ticketing Systems Accident Avoidance Systems Airline Flight Scheduling Activity-Based Models Airline Industry Adopt-a-Highway Program Airline Marketing Advanced Traveler Information Systems Airline Passengers Aerial Tramways Airline Pilots and Crews, Labor Issues of Aeronautical Decision Making Airline Service Quality Modeling Aeronautics Airplane Disasters Air Cargo Carriers Airplane Navigation Systems Air Passenger Carriers Airplane Pilot Licensing Air Pollution, Automobiles Airplane Pilot Training Air Pollution/Air Quality Airport Administration Air Taxis Airport Gate Assignment Problems Air Traffic Control Airport Hubs Air Traffic Controller Training Airport Operations and Marketing Air Traffic Flow Management Airport Parking and Ground Transportation Air Travel Airport Passenger Terminals Air Travel Regulations, History of Airport Planning Aircraft, New Large Airport Security Aircraft, Regional Jet Airport Transit Connections Aircraft, Very Light Jet Airports, Environmental Issues and Aircraft Design Alternative Automotive Fuels Aircraft Engine Emissions Alternative Fuels Aircraft Inspection and Maintenance Alternative Motor Fuels Act of 1988 Aircraft Maintenance Training Programs American Association of State Highway and Aircraft Manufacturing Transportation Officials Aircraft Propulsion, New Technologies of American Public Transportation Association vii viii List of Articles Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 Bicycles, Electric Amtrak. See National Railroad Passenger Bicycle–Transit Linkages Corporation/Amtrak Bicycling, Health and Recreational Aspects of Automated Guideway Transit Bikeways/Bike Lanes, Road Design Issues of Automated Landing Systems, Airplane Biodiesel Automated Passenger Counters Biofuels Automated Road-Pricing and Toll-Collection Bridge Design Systems Bridge Maintenance, Repair, and Replacement Automated Traffic Control Systems Bridges, Condition of Automated Traffic Enforcement Bureau of Budget Circular A-95 Automated Transit Systems Bureau of Public Roads Automated Vehicle Guidance Systems Bus Capacity Automated Vehicle Location Systems Bus Design Automated Vehicle Monitoring Systems Bus Design for Accessibility Automatic Terminal Information Systems Bus Engines Automobile Access Programs Bus Information Systems Automobile Accident Avoidance Systems Bus Priority Lanes, Exclusive Right of Way Automobile Accidents and Prevention Bus Rapid Transit, Design and Engineering of Automobile Culture Bus Routes Automobile Design Bus Scheduling Automobile Driver Warning Systems Bus Stops/Shelters Automobile Drivers, Disabled Bus Systems, Interurban Automobile Drivers, Elderly Bus Systems, Local and Express Automobile Emissions Controls Bus Systems, Rural Automobile Engines Buses Automobile Financing Business Travel Automobile Industry, Economics of Busways and Reversible Bus Lanes Automobile Insurance Automobile Manufacturing and Sales C Automobile Operating Costs Cable Cars Automobile Safety Inspections and Registration Canals and Locks Automobile Safety Systems Car Sharing Automobile Tires, Nitrogen Inflation and Carbon Dioxide Emissions Automobile Travel Patterns Carbon Monoxide Emissions Automobile Trips Carpool Programs, Ridesharing and Automobiles, Passenger Carpooling Aviation, Commercial/Business Carpooling, Casual Aviation, Private Chicago Area Transportation Study Aviation, Ultralight Civil Rights and Transportation Aviation Safety, Dangerous Goods Clean Air Act and Amendments Transport and Climate Change, Transportation Adaption to Aviation Safety, Wildlife Strikes and Climate Change, Transportation Impacts From Collector Streets B Collision Avoidance Systems, Airplane Benefit–Cost Analysis of Transportation Collision Avoidance Systems, Automobile Bicycle Commuting Commuter Buses Bicycle Facilities Commuter Paradox Bicycle Safety Commuter Rail Bicycle Sharing Commuter Rail Systems Bicycles Commuting List of Articles ix Complete Streets Environmental Protection Agency Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality Environmental Quality Improvement Act of 1970 Program Equilibrium Modeling Consolidated Rail Corporation E-Shopping Construction Management Ethanol Construction Management, Public Relations and Ethical Issues Container Terminals Evacuation Planning Containerization/Container Shipping Executive Order 12898 Cordon Travel F D Federal Aid Highway Program Demand-Responsive Transit, Evaluation Federal Aid Road Act of 1916 Studies of Federal Automobile Safety Standards Department of Transportation Act of 1966 Federal Aviation Administration Deregulation Federal Aviation Administration Reauthorization Derived Demand Act of 2009 Destination Choice Models Federal Highway Act of 1921 Dial-a-Ride Federal Highway Administration Diesel Engines Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration Diesel Fuel Vehicles Federal Railroad Administration Disabled Driving and Vehicle Modifications Federal Transit Administration Distracted Driving Federal Transportation Policy Dredging Ferries Driver Licensing Fiscal Politics Driver Licensing, Commercial FreedomCAR and Vehicle Technologies Program Driver Licensing Rates Freight Handling Freight Rates/Tariffs E Freight Terminals Economic Development Freight Transport, Intermodal and Multimodal Economics of Air Travel Freight Transport, Security Issues Economics of On-Street Parking Freight Transport Models Elderly and Disabled Travelers Full-Feedback Modeling Elderly Driver Safety Issues Funicular Railways Electric Diesel Locomotive Electric Vehicle Recharging Stations G Electric Vehicles Gasoline, Reformulated Electronic Route Guidance Systems Gasoline Engines Emergency Response Systems Geographic Information Systems in Emergency Transportation Planning Transportation and Operations Global Economic Centers Emergency Vehicles Global Positioning Systems. See GPS; Emerging Technologies GPS, Automobile Emissions Modeling Globalization Emissions Trading Schemes GPS Employment Location GPS, Automobile Energy Costs Gravity Models Energy Policy Act of 1992 Green Fuels Energy Policy and Conservation Act of 1975 Green Transportation Environmental Impacts Greenhouse Gases Environmental Justice Greenways
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