Encyclopedia of the Spanish-American & Philippine-American wars

499 Pages·2001·6.54 MB·English

by  Jerry Keenan

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF
THE
SPANISH-
AMERICAN
&
PHILIPPINE-
AMERICAN
WARS

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF
THE
SPANISH-
AMERICAN
&
PHILIPPINE-
AMERICAN
WARS
Jerry Keenan
A B C C L I O
SANTA BARBARA, CALIFORNIA DENVER, COLORADO OXFORD, ENGLAND
All illustrations are taken from the Library of Congress unless stated otherwise.
Copyright © 2001 by Jerry Keenan
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a
retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic,
mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, except for the inclusion
of brief quotations in a review, without prior permission in writing from the
publishers.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Keenan, Jerry.
Encyclopedia of the Spanish-American and Philippine-American wars /
Jerry Keenan.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references (p. ) and index.
ISBN 1-57607-093-X (hardcover : acid-free paper); 1-57607-568-0 (e-book)
1. Spanish-American War, 1898—Encyclopedias.
2. Philippines—History—Philippine American War,
1899–1902—Encyclopedias. I. ABC-CLIO Information Services. II. Title.
E715.K27 2001
973.8’9’03—dc21
2001004421
06 05 04 03 02 01 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
This book is also available on the World Wide Web as an e-book.
Visit abc-clio.com for details.
ABC-CLIO, Inc.
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Santa Barbara, California 93116-1911
This book is printed on acid-free paper.
Manufactured in the United States of America
In loving memory of my sister,
Mary Margaret Keenan Otto,
a gallant Irish lady
“ ’Tisn’t life that matters! ’Tis the courage you bring to it.”
—Sir Hugh Walpole

CONTENTS
Preface, xvii
Introduction, xix
Chronology, xxv
ENCYCLOPEDIA OF
THE SPANISH-AMERICAN
AND PHILIPPINE-AMERICAN WARS
Adams, Charles Francis, Jr. Almodóvar del Río, Duque de
(1835–1915), 1 (Juan Manuel Sánchez y
Agoncillo, Don Felipe Gutiérrez de Castro)
(1859–1941), 1 (1859–1906), 12
Aguadores River (Cuba), Anderson, Thomas McArthur
Demonstration at, 2 (1836–1917), 13
Aguinaldo y Famy, Emilio Anti-Imperialist League, 14
(1869–1964), 3 Antilles, 15
Alejandrino (Alexandrino), José Army, Filipino Nationalist, 15
(1871–1951), 6 Army, Spanish (Ejército de
Alfonso XII (1857–1885), 7 España), 16
Alfonso XIII (1885–1941), 8 Army, U.S., 18
Alger, Russell Alexander Artists and Illustrators, 21
(1836–1907), 8 Asiatic Squadron, U.S. Navy, 21
Allen, Charles H. (1848–1934), Astor, John Jacob (1864–1912),
10 22
Allen, Henry Tureman Atrocities, 23
(1859–1930), 11 Augustín Dávila, Don Basilio
Allianca Incident, 11 (1840–1910), 24
vii
Auñón y Villalón, Ramón Bliss, Tasker Howard
(1844–1925), 25 (1853–1930), 45
Auxiliary Squadron, U.S. Navy, Bonifacio, Andrés (1863–1897),
25 46
Boxer Rebellion (Uprising)
Balangiga Massacre (1899–1901), 47
(Philippines) (28 September Bradford, Royal Bird
1901), 27 (1844–1914), 48
Baldwin, Frank Dwight Breckinridge, Joseph Cabell
(1842–1923), 28 (1842–1920), 49
Baler, Siege of (Philippines) Brooke, John Rutter
(1 July 1898–2 June 1899), 29 (1838–1926), 50
Balloons (U.S. Signal Corps), 30 Bryan, William Jennings
Bandholtz, Harry Hill (1860–1925), 51
(1864–1925), 31 Bud Bagsak (Philippines), Battle
Barton, Clara (Clarissa) of (13–15 January 1913), 52
Harlowe (1821–1912), 31 Bud Daju (Philippines), Battle
Bates, John Coalter of (5–7 March 1904), 53
(1842–1919), 32 Bullard, Robert E. Lee
Bates Treaty (Philippines) (1861–1947), 54
(1899), 33 Bundy, Omar (1861–1940), 55
Bayang (Moro Province,
Philippines), Battle of (2 May Cadarso, Luis (1844–1898), 57
1902), 34 Cailles, Juan (ca. 1868–?), 57
Beef Scandal, 35 Cámara y Libermoore
Bell, James Franklin (Livermore), Manuel de la
(1856–1919), 37 (1836–1920), 58
Benevolent Assimilation, 38 Cambon, Jules Martin
Benjamin, Anna Northend (1845–1935), 59
(1874–1902), 39 Camps, Staging Areas, and
Bennett, James Gordon, Jr. Embarkation Points, U.S.
(1841–1918), 39 Army, 59
Bigelow, Poultney (1855–1954), Canary Islands, 64
40 Cannon, Joseph Gurney
Biyak-na-Bató (Philippines), (1836–1926), 64
Pact of (14–15 December Cánovas del Castillo, Antonio
1897), 41 (1828–1897), 65
Black American Soldiers, 42 Cape Tunas (Cuba), 65
Black, Wilsone (1837–1909), 44 Cape Verde Islands, 65
Blanco y Erenas, Ramón Capitulation Agreement,
(1833–1906), 44 Santiago de Cuba (16 July
1898), 66
viii Contents
Cárdenas (Cuba), 67 Cook, Francis Augustus
Carnegie, Andrew (1835–1919), 68 (1843–1916), 92
Casualties, 68 Corbin, Henry Clark
Cavite (Philippine Islands), 70 (1842–1909), 92
Censorship, 71 Correa, Miguel (1830–1900), 93
Cervera y Topete, Pascual Corregidor Island (Philippines),
(1839–1909), 71 93
Céspedes, Carlos Manuel de Cortelyou, George Bruce
(1819–1874), 74 (1862–1940), 94
Chadwick, French Ensor Cottas, 95
(1844–1919), 74 Crane, Stephen (1871–1900), 95
Chaffee, Adna Romanza Creelman, James (1859–1915),
(1842–1914), 75 97
Chandler, William Eaton Cuba, 97
(1835–1917), 76 “Cuba Libre,” 98
Chichester, Edward Cuba, U.S. Military Occupation
(1849–1906), 77 of, 99
Christy, Howard Chandler Cuban Campaign (June–July
(1873–1952), 77 1898), 100
Cienfuegos (Cuba), Cutting the Cuban Expeditionary Force,
Cable at (May 1898), 78 U.S., 104
Cisneros, Evangelina (ca. Cuban Junta, 105
1880–?), 80 Cuban League of the U.S., 106
“Civilize ’em with a Krag,” 82 Cuban Revolution (Insurrection)
Clark, Charles Edgar (1895–1898), 106
(1843–1922), 82 Cuban Revolutionary Army, 107
Clayton-Bulwer Treaty (19 April Cuban Revolutionary
1850), 83 Government, 109
Cleveland, (Stephen) Grover Cuban Revolutionary Party (El
(1837–1908), 83 Partido Revolucionario
Coaling Stations, 84 Cubano), 110
Coastal Defenses, U.S., 85
Colonial Policies, U.S., 86 Dana, Charles Anderson
Colwel, John Charles (1856–?), (1819–1897), 111
87 Davis, Charles Henry
Committee on the Philippines, (1845–1921), 112
88 Davis, Richard Harding
Communications, 88 (1864–1916), 112
Competitor Incident, 90 Dawes, Charles Gates
Converse, George Albert (1865–1951), 114
(1844–1909), 91 Day, William Rufus
(1849–1923), 114
Contents ix
Derby, George McClellan García Íñiguez, Calixto
(1856–1948), 115 (1839–1898), 141
Dewey, George (1837–1917), García, Pantaleon T.
116 (1856–1936), 142
Diseases, 117 Garretson, George Armstrong
Dodge, Grenville Mellen (1844–1916), 142
(1831–1916), 119 Germany, 143
Dorst, Joseph Haddox Ghost Squadron, 144
(1852–1915), 120 Glass, Henry (1844–1908), 145
Duffield, Henry Martyn Gómez Báez, Máximo
(1842–1912), 120 (1826–1905), 145
Dunne, Finley Peter Gorgas, William Crawford
(1867–1936), 121 (1854–1920), 146
Dupuy de Lôme, Enrique Gorman, Arthur Pue
(1851–1904), 121 (1839–1906), 147
Gray, George (1840–1925), 147
Eagan, Charles Patrick Great Britain, 148
(1841–1919), 125 Greene, Francis Vinton
Eastern Squadron, U.S. Navy, 126 (1850–1921), 149
El Caney (Cuba), Battle of Greenleaf, Charles Ravenscroft,
(1 July 1898), 127 150
Estrada Palma, Tomás Gridley, Charles Vernon
(1835–1908), 130 (1844–1898), 151
Eulate y Ferry, Antonio Grito de Baíre, 151
(1845–1952), 131 Guam, 151
Evans, Robley Dunglison Guantánamo (Cuba), Battle of
(1846–1912), 132 (3–15 June 1898), 152
Gullón y Iglesia, Don Pío
Fifty Million Dollar Bill, 133 (1835–1916), 154
Filibuster, 133 Gunboat Operations,
Filipino Revolutionary Philippines, 155
Movement, 135 Gunboats, 156
Flying Squadron, U.S. Navy, 135
Foraker-Turpie Amendment, Hanna, Marcus (Mark) Alonzo
136 (1837–1904), 159
Fort San Antonio de Abad Havana (Cuba), 159
(Philippines), 137 Hawaiian Islands, 160
Frye, William Pierce Hawkins, Hamilton Smith
(1831–1911), 137 (1834–1910), 161
Funston, Frederick Hay, John Milton (1838–1905),
(1865–1917), 138 161
x Contents