Encyclopedia of the Jewish Diaspora: Origins, Experiences, and Culture PDF
Preview Encyclopedia of the Jewish Diaspora: Origins, Experiences, and Culture
Encyclopedia of the Jewish Diaspora Encyclopedia of the Jewish Diaspora Origins, Experiences, and Culture Th emes and Phenomena of the Jewish Diaspora M. AVRUM EHRLICH Editor SANTA BARBARA, CALIFORNIA DENVER, COLORADO OXFORD, ENGLAND Copyright 2009 by ABC-CLIO, LLC All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, except for the inclusion of brief quotations in a review, without prior permission in writing from the publishers. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Encyclopedia of the Jewish diaspora : origins, experiences, and culture / M. Avrum Ehrlich, editor. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-85109-873-6 (hard copy : alk. paper) ISBN 978-1-85109-874-3 (ebook) 1. Jews–History–Encyclopedias. 2. Jewish diaspora–Encyclopedias. 3. Jews–Asia–History–Encyclopedias. 4. Jews–Europe–History–Encyclopedias. 5. Jews–America–History–Encyclopedias. 6. Jews–Africa–History–Encyclopedias. I. Ehrlich, M. Avrum DS115.E47 2009 909′.04924003-dc22 2008032565 12 11 10 09 1 2 3 4 5 Th is book is also available on the World Wide Web as an ebook. Visit abc-clio.com for details. ABC-CLIO, LLC 130 Cremona Drive, P.O. Box 1911 Santa Barbara, California 93116–1911 Production Editor: Anna A. Moore Production Manager: Don Schmidt Media Manager: Caroline Price Media Editor: Ellen Rasmussen File Management Coordinator: Paula Gerard Th is book is printed on acid-free paper. Manufactured in the United States of America Contents in Brief Th emes and Phenomena of the Jewish Diaspora Diaspora Th emes History of the Diaspora Persecution of Diaspora Jews Religious Fusion and Interaction in the Diaspora Languages of the Diaspora Music and Culture of the Diaspora Women in the Diaspora Genetics, Medicine, and Genealogy Sephardi, Oriental, and Ashkenazi Ethnicities and Culture Israel and the Diaspora Migration and Wanderings of Diaspora Jews Contemporary Diaspora Countries, Regions, and Communities Africa Australasia North America Latin America and the Caribbean Middle East Western Europe Central and Eastern Europe and Russia Baltic States Scandinavia Caucasus and Central Asia East Asia India and Pakistan Southeast Asia Contents Editorial Board and Staff xvii 42 The Concept of Diaspora and Exile in German-Jewish Literature Contributors xix and Art Preface xxi Mark H. Gelber Maps xxiii 48 The Concept of Sephardi and the Ashkenazi in German-Jewish and Introduction German Anti-Semitic Thought xxv The Need and Usefulness of Mark H. Gelber Diaspora Studies Gabriel 52 The Concept of Diaspora (Gabi) Sheffer in the Thought of Diaspora Themes Rabbi Joseph B. Soloveitchik 1 The Concept of Diaspora in Marc D. Angel Biblical Literature 54 Jewry as an Archetypical Diaspora Carl D. Evans Gabriel Sheffer 4 The Concept of Diaspora in 57 Jewish Self-Hatred Talmudic Thought Ritchie Robertson Eliezer Segal 61 Diaspora, Exile, and Jewish 8 Diaspora in the Hellenistic Period Identity Edrel Arie Howard K. Wettstein 17 Symbols of the Diaspora Ellen Frankel History of the Diaspora 64 Jews and Judaism in Ancient 23 Liturgy in the Diaspora World Literature Raymond Apple Timothy Andrew McCaffrey 31 The Concept of Exile and Diaspora 72 History of Jews as a Minority in Sephardi Thought Robert M. Seltzer Marc D. Angel 78 The Lost Tribes of Israel 34 Lurianic Kabbalah and the Idea Amotz Asa-El of the Diaspora Shaul Magid 87 The Samaritan Diaspora Alan D. Crown 38 Communication in the Premodern Jewish Diaspora Sophia Menache 90 History of the Karaite Diaspora Fred Astren viii CONTENTS Persecution of Diaspora Jews 150 Jewish–Islamic Mutual 95 History of Jewish Persecution Infl uences and Expulsion Esperanza Alfonso Frederick Schweitzer 156 Th e Widespread Phenomena 103 Varieties of Anti-Semitism of Marranism and Ritchie Robertson Hidden Jews Gloria Mound 107 Literary Anti-Semitism Mark H. Gelber 160 Brazilian Marranism Anita Waingort Novinsky 112 Western Democracies and Translation by Mike Boyington the Holocaust William D. Rubinstein Languages of the Diaspora 167 Characteristics of 115 Euro-Arab Anti-Semitism Jewish Languages Bat Ye’or David M. Bunis 118 Th e New Anti-Semitism 171 Varieties of Diaspora Languages Danny Ben-Moshe John Myhill 123 Th e Dissemination of Early 180 Judeo-Spanish in the Turkish Christianity beyond the Social Context Jewish Diaspora Mary Altabev Marianne Dacy 184 Two-Tiered Relexifi cation in Religious Fusion and Yiddish: Jews, Sorbs, Khazars, Interaction in the Diaspora and the Kiev-Polessian Dialect 126 Jewish Diaspora and the Paul Wexler Spreading of Christianity 187 A Perspective on Judeo-Ibero- Edward Kessler Romance, Yiddish, and Rotwelsch 132 Jewish Infl uence on the Paul Wexler Formation of the 191 Th e Yiddish-German Irony Christian Scriptures Frank Heynick Alison Salvesen 193 Yiddish as a Diaspora Language 136 History of Judeo-Christian and Its Future Communities in the Dovid Katz Jewish Diaspora David J. Rudolph 197 Th e Integration of Yiddish into English 139 Islamization and Jews in the Arnie Keogh Medieval Middle East Fred Astren 200 Diaspora Infl uences on Modern Hebrew (“Israeli”) 141 Christian–Jewish Dialogue: Ghilad Zuckermann 18th Century Klaus L. Berghahn Music and Culture 146 Contemporary Judeo-Christian of the Diaspora Communities in the 206 Overview of Diaspora Jewish Diaspora Jewish Music David J. Rudolph Marsha Bryan Edelman CONTENTS ix 214 Liturgical Music of Sephardi Jews 287 Genetic Diseases and Mark Kligman the Diaspora Joel Zlotogora 218 Liturgy and Music of Syrian Jews Mark Kligman 292 Evolution of Jewish Genealogic Studies 220 Humor and Satire in Sallyann Sack Judeo-Spanish Song Judith R. Cohen 294 Jews, Diaspora, and Medicine Frank Heynick 222 Music and the Reconstruction of Iberian Crypto-Jewish Identity 301 Freud, Judaism, and the Judith R. Cohen Emergence of Psychoanalysis Frank Heynick 225 Contemporary Jewish Music in America Mark Kligman Sephardi, Oriental, and Ashkenazi Ethnicities 229 Rescue and Virtual Preservation and Culture of Diaspora Cultural Heritage by 305 Jews under Muslim Rule the Center for Jewish Art Frederick Schweitzer Aliza Cohen-Mushlin 309 History of the Religious 233 Jewish Contributions to the Arts Leadership of Oriental Jewry Sylvia Barack Fishman Menachem Ben-Sasson Women in the Diaspora 315 Insights into Sephardic 251 Th e Jewish Diaspora and the Intellectual History Role of Women Marc D. Angel Judith R. Baskin 320 Jewish Enlightenment and 255 Sephardi Women, Marriage, and Its Impact on the Diaspora Family: 16th–17th Centuries Shmuel Feiner Ruth Lamdan 325 Beginning of Hasidism in 260 Jewish Women in Central Europe: Eastern Europe 19th–20th Centuries M. Avrum Ehrlich Dieter J. Hecht 264 Women, Family, and Identity in Israel and the Diaspora Imperial Germany (1871–1918) 328 Jewish Immigration to Pre-State Marion Kaplan and Modern Israel Danny Ben-Moshe 267 Jewish Women in Yemen Yael Katzir 333 Diaspora Anti-Zionism Th omas A. Kolsky 271 Women and Egalitarianism in American Judaism 340 Jewish Diaspora Engagement Shaul Magid with Israel Danny Ben-Moshe Genetics, Medicine, and Genealogy 345 Education in Israel about 275 Jewish Genetic Diseases the Diaspora Edwin H. Kolodny Matt Silver and Aliza Shenhar
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