Encyclopedia of Public Administration & Public Policy PDF
Preview Encyclopedia of Public Administration & Public Policy
Encyclopedia of public administration and public policy Encyclopedia of public administration and public policy DAVID SCHULTZ In memoriam: Tina and Megan, forever. 8 Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy Copyright © 2004 by David Schultz All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval systems, without permission in writing from the publisher. For information contact: Facts On File, Inc. 132 West 31st Street New York NY 10001 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Encyclopedia of public administration and public policy / [edited by] David Schultz p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-8160-4799-5 1. Administrative agencies—United States—Encyclopedias. 2. Executive departments—United States—Encyclopedias. 3. United States—Politics and government—Encyclopedias. 4. Political planning—United States—Encyclopedias. 5. Public policy (Law)—United States—Encyclopedias. I. Schultz, David A. (David Andrew), 1958– . JK9.E526 2003 320.973′03—dc21 2003040803 Facts On File books are available at special discounts when purchased in bulk quantities for businesses, associations, institutions, or sales promotions. Please call our Special Sales Department in New York at (212) 967-8800 or (800) 322-8755. You can find Facts On File on the World Wide Web at http://www.factsonfile.com Text and cover design by Cathy Rincon Line art by Patricia Meschino Printed in the United States of America VB Hermitage 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 This book is printed on acid-free paper. C O N T E N T S LIST OF ENTRIES vii PREFACE xi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xiii CONTRIBUTORS xv ENTRIES A–Z 1 APPENDICES 469 INDEX 505 L I S T O F E N T R I E S AARP Bowsher v. Synar civil service system accountability Branti v. Finkel Clean Air Act Addams, Jane bribery Clean Water Act of 1972 administrative discretion Brownlow Commission Clean Water Act of 1977 administrative ethics Budget and Accounting Act of Clinton, William Jefferson administrative law judge 1921 cloture Administrative ProcedureAct budgeting Commission on Civil Rights administrative searches budget stabilization funds committee system administrative theory bureaucracy community action agencies advisoryopinion Bureau of the Budget comparable worth affirmative action Bush, George H. W. conference committee agenda setting Bush, George W. conflict of interest Aid to Families with business-to-business electronic Congressional Budget Office Dependent Children commerce constituency alternative dispute resolution cabinet departments consultant American Federation of State, California v.Cabazon Band of Consumer Product Safety County, and Municipal Mission Indians Commission Employees campaign finance consumer protection on the American Society of Public Carter,Jimmy Internet Administration case study contractualism Americans with Disabilities Act categorical grants control of 1990 Central Intelligence Agency co-optation Amtrak charter school copyright Appropriations Committee Chevron U.S.A., Inc. v.Natural corporate social responsibility arbitraryand capricious Resources Defense Council corporatization arbitration Cigarette Labeling and cost-benefit analysis Arrow’s Paradox Advertising Act cybernetics auditing Citizens to Preserve Overton Dahl, Robert Barnard, Chester Irving Park, Inc. v. Volpe delegation doctrine Bill of Rights city managers Dennis v. United States block grants civil liberties de novo hearing Board of County Commissioners civil rights Department of Agriculture v. Umbehr Civil Service Reform Act of Department of Commerce bonds 1978 Department of Defense bounded rationality Civil Service Reform League Department of Education vii viii List of Entries Department of Energy Executive Order 10988 general schedule Department of Health and executive privilege General Services Human Services ex parte Administration Department of Housing and ex parte Curtiss Gilbreth, Frank Bunker, and Urban Development externalities Lillian Evelyn Moller Gilbreth Department of the Interior fact-finding goal displacement Department of Justice Fair Labor Standards Act Goldberg v. Kelly Department of Labor faith-based initiatives Goldwater-Nichols Department Department of the Treasury Family and Medical Leave Act of Defense Reorganization Department of Veterans Affairs Farm Credit Administration Act of 1986 deregulation featherbedding Goodnow, Frank J. descriptive representation Federal Bureau of Investigation Government Performance and Federal Deposit Insurance digital divide Results Act of 1993 Corporation Dillon’s Rule Grace Commission Federal Election Campaign Act discretion Gramm-Rudman Act Federal Executive Institute discrimination grants-in-aid federalism distributive policy Gulick, Luther Federal Labor Relations double dipping hard look Authority Drug Enforcement Hatch Acts Federal Maritime Commission Administration health maintenance Federal Mediation and drug policy organization Conciliation Service earmarked revenue Heckler v.Cheney Federal Register earned-income tax credit home rule Federal Reserve Board e-government Hoover, J. Edgar Federal Reserve System Elrod v.Burns Hoover Commission Federal Trade Commission eminent domain House Ways and Means fiscal policy Employee Retirement Income Committee flat tax Security Act of 1974 housing policy Follett, MaryParker enterprise zones Hull-House Food and Drug Administration environmental impact human relations food stamps statement Humphrey’sExecutor v.United foreign policy Environmental Protection formal hearing States Agency Freedom of Information Act Immigration and Naturalization Equal Employment free rider Service (INS) v.Chadha Opportunity Act gambling policy implementation Equal Employment Gantt, HenryLaurence impoundment Opportunity Commission Gantt chart income tax equal protection clause garbage-can model incremental budgeting Ethics in Government Act Garcia v. San Antonio Mass incrementalism European Union Transit Authority Indian Gaming Regulatory Act events of 11 September 2001 General Accounting Office Individuals with Disabilities excise tax General Agreement on Tariffs Education Act executive leadership system and Trade informal hearing Executive Office of the general-obligation bond institutional reform litigation President general revenue intergovernmental relations List of Entries ix Iran-Contra National Security Act of 1947 pocket veto iron law of oligarchy National Security Council police power iron triangles National Transportation Safety policy advice Jackson, Andrew Board policy design job specialization natural resource damage policy evaluation Johnson, Lyndon Baines assessments policy formulation Joint Chiefs of Staff neutral competence policy impact judicial review of new public administration policy implementation administrative action Nixon, Richard policy output jurisdiction, governments, and nongovernmental policy window the internet organizations politics-administration Keynesianism nonprofit corporation dichotomy law nonprofit sector POSDCORB Law Enforcement Assistance North American Free Trade postmodern public policy Act Agreement privacy leadership notice and comment privatization Legal Services Corporation Nuclear Regulatory procedural due process legislative oversight Commission program evaluation legislative veto Occupational Safety and program evaluation and review Lincoln, Abraham Health Administration technique Lindblom, Charles Office of Government Ethics progressive property tax lobbying Office of Management and project management lobbyist Budget public-choice theory locality pay Office of Personnel public employment relations magnet schools Management boards management by objectives O’Hare Truck Service, Inc. v. public goods management information City of Northlake public interest system ombudsman public personnel system Maslow, Abraham outsourcing public policy mediation Patent and Trademark Office public-private partnerships Medicaid and Medicare Peace Corps public works infrastructure merit system Pendleton Act racial profiling Merit Systems Protection Pentagon RAND Board performance auditing Reagan, Ronald Minnowbrook Conference performance budgeting redistributive policy monetary policy performance management red tape Morrison v. Olson performance measures reductions in force Myers v. United States performance review regulation Nader, Ralph Personnel Administrator of regulatory capture National Aeronautics and Massachusetts v. Feeney regulatory policy Space Administration planned programming regulatory tax national debt budgeting system Rehabilitation Act of 1973 National Labor Relations Board planning representation National Performance Review planning, history of representative bureaucracy National Science Foundation Plunkitt, George Washington reproductive freedom
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