Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, First Update Supplement

343 Pages·2005·3.89 MB·English

Encyclopedia of
Public Administration
and Public Policy
First Update Supplement

Encyclopedia of
Public Administration
and Public Policy
First Update Supplement
edited by
Jack Rabin
The Pennsylvania State University—Harrisburg,
Middletown, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.
Published in 2005 by
Taylor & Francis Group
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Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742
© 2005 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
No claim to original U.S. Government works
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International Standard Book Number-10: 0-8493-3895-6 (Hardcover)
International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-8493-3895-3 (Hardcover)
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Jack Rabin, Editor
The Pennsylvania State University at Harrisburg,
Middletown, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.
Board of Contributing Editors
Julia Beckett W. Bartley Hildreth
Department of Public Administration and Hugo Wall School of Public and Urban Affairs,
Urban Studies, University of Akron, Akron, W. Frank Barton School of Business,
Ohio, U.S.A. Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas, U.S.A.
Terry F. Buss Marc Holzer
Center for International Affairs, National Academy Department of Public Administration, Rutgers,
of Public Administration, The State University of New Jersey, Newark,
Washington, D.C., U.S.A. New Jersey, U.S.A.
Hon S. Chan Ahmed Shafiqul Huque
Department of Public & Social Administration, Department of Public & Social Administration,
City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
John L. Daly Ronald John Hy
Department of Government and International Affairs, Department of Geography, Political Science and
University of South Florida, Tampa, Sociology, University of Central Arkansas, Conway,
Florida, U.S.A. Arkansas, U.S.A.
Ali Farazmand Douglas Ihrke
School of Public Administration, Department of Political Science, University of
Florida Atlantic University, Fort Lauderdale, Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, U.S.A.
Florida, U.S.A.
Richard C. Kearney
Gerald T. Gabris Department of Political Science,
Division of Public Administration, Northern Illinois East Carolina University, Greenville,
State University, DeKalb, Illinois, U.S.A. North Carolina, U.S.A.
John J. Gargan Anne Osborne Kilpatrick
Department of Political Science,KentState University, Department of Health Administration and Policy,
Kent, Ohio, U.S.A. Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston,
South Carolina, U.S.A.
James A. Gazell
School of Public Administration and Urban Studies, Carol W. Lewis
San Diego State University, San Diego, California, Department of Political Science, University of
U.S.A. Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, U.S.A.
Anna C. Goldoff Gerald J. Miller
Department of Public Management, Department of Public Administration, Rutgers,
John Jay College of Criminal Justice, New York, The State University of New Jersey, Newark,
New York, U.S.A. New Jersey, U.S.A.
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Go¨ktug Morc¸o¨l Khi V. Thai
School of Public Affairs, Penn State Harrisburg, School of Public Administration,
Middletown, Pennsylvania, U.S.A. Florida Atlantic University, Fort Lauderdale,
Florida, U.S.A.
Bruce J. Perlman
School of Public Administration, Eran Vigoda-Gadot
University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, School of Political Sciences, University of Haifa,
New Mexico, U.S.A. Haifa, Israel
Donijo Robbins Jeffrey A. Weber
School of Public & Nonprofit Administration, Penn State Harrisburg. Middletown, Pennsylvania;
Grand Valley State University, Grand Rapids, Senate of Pennsylvania, Harrisburg,
Michigan, U.S.A. Pennsylvania, U.S.A.
James Ruiz Robert K. Whelan
School of Public Affairs, Penn State Harrisburg, School of Urban and Public Affairs, University of
Middletown, Pennsylvania, U.S.A. New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana, U.S.A.
Barbara Sims Chengfu Zhang
School of Public Affairs, Penn State Harrisburg, School of Public Administration, Renmin University,
Middletown, Pennsylvania, U.S.A. Beijing, China
Contributors
John Adler = Arizona Department of Administration, Phoenix, Arizona, U.S.A.
Michael Asner = Michael Asner Consulting, Surrey, British Columbia, Canada
Michael W. Austin = University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, U.S.A.
David L. Baker = Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, U.S.A.
Daryl Balia = Public Service Commission, Pretoria, South Africa
Jane Beckett-Camarata = Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, U.S.A.
Lisa B. Bingham = Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, U.S.A.
Thomas A. Birkland = University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York, U.S.A.
Deborah A. Botch = New York State Unified Court System, Albany, New York, U.S.A.
Ann O’M. Bowman = University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, U.S.A.
Brian Brewer = City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
Brendan F. Burke = Bridgewater State College, Bridgewater, Massachusetts, U.S.A.
Terry F. Buss = National Academy of Public Administration, Washington, D.C., U.S.A.
Ledivina V. Carin~o = University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
Jill Clark = University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, U.S.A.
Richard K. Common = The University of Hull, Hull, U.K.
Krishna S. Dhir = Berry College, Mount Berry, Georgia, U.S.A.
Scott Fritzen = National University of Singapore, Singapore
Thomas Greitens = Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, U.S.A.
M. Shamsul Haque = National University of Singapore, Singapore
Michael A. Harper = University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, U.S.A.
James R. Heichelbech = University of Colorado at Denver, Denver, Colorado, U.S.A.
Marc Holzer = Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, U.S.A.
Yilin Hou = The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, U.S.A.
Helen Ingram = University of California, Irvine, California, U.S.A.
David Seth Jones = National University of Singapore, Singapore
Walter J. Jones = Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, U.S.A.
Hwang-Sun Kang = Seoul Development Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Bruce Kieler = Wharton County Junior College, Wharton, Texas, U.S.A.
Yvonne J. Kochanowski = SteelEdge Business Consulting, Placerville, California, U.S.A.
Steven G. Koven = University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, U.S.A.
Dale Krane = University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, Nebraska, U.S.A.
Wendell C. Lawther = University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, U.S.A.
Mordecai Lee = University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, U.S.A.
Eric K. Leonard = Shenandoah University, Winchester, Virginia, U.S.A.
Jeroen Maesschalck = Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
Michelle Maiese = University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, U.S.A.
Theo Edwin Maloy = West Texas A&M University, Canyon, Texas, U.S.A.
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Gary S. Marshall = University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, Nebraska, U.S.A.
Darin Matthews = Multnomah County Schools, Portland, Oregon, U.S.A.
Jack W. Meek = University of La Verne, La Verne, California, U.S.A.
Go¨ktug˘ L. Morc¸o¨l = The Pennsylvania State University-Harrisburg, Middletown, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.
Tina Nabatchi = Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, U.S.A.
Stuart S. Nagel = University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, U.S.A.
Brian Negin = Israel Central Bureau of Statistics, Jerusalem, Israel
Holona L. Ochs = University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, U.S.A.
Jun Peng = University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, U.S.A.
Steven A. Peterson = The Pennsylvania State University at Harrisburg, Middletown,
Pennsylvania, U.S.A.
Suzanne J. Piotrowski = Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, U.S.A.
Jon S. T. Quah = National University of Singapore, Singapore
Rupert G. Rhodd = Florida Atlantic University, Davie, Florida, U.S.A.
Rainer Rohdewohld = GTZ-SfDM, Jakarta, Indonesia
John F. Sacco = George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, U.S.A.
Ishak Saporta = Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
Anne L. Schneider = Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, U.S.A.
Mary Schmeida = Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, U.S.A.
William D. Schreckhise = University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, U.S.A.
Alex Sekwat = Tennessee State University, Nashville, Tennessee, U.S.A.
M. Shamsul Haque = National University of Singapore, Singapore
Leiyu Shi = Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A.
Noore Alam Siddiquee = International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Carlos Nunes Silva = University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
Linda L. Stanley = Our Lady of the Lake University, San Antonio, Texas, U.S.A.
Stuart C. Strother = University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, U.S.A.
Mark Turner = University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
Walter Vance = General Accounting Office, Washington, D.C., U.S.A.
Ryan J. Watson = National Academy of Public Administration, Washington, D.C., U.S.A.
Clay Wescott = Asian Development Bank, Manila, Philippines
Andrew B. Whitford = University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, U.S.A.
Elisabeth Wright = U.S. Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, California, U.S.A.
Habib Zafarullah = University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Austalia
Contents
Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi
Accounting and Reporting for Private Nonprofit Organizations—Balancing
Economic Efficiency with Social Mission = John F. Sacco and Walter Vance . . . . . . . . . . 1
Acquiring Resources Through Price Negotiation: A Public Sector Approach =
Rupert G. Rhodd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Administrative Law Judges and Agency Adjudication = William D. Schreckhise . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Administrative Reform in Southeast Asia = M. Shamsul Haque . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Alternative Dispute Resolution Processes = Tina Nabatchi and Lisa B. Bingham . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Assessing the Validity of Constructive Change Proposals = Elisabeth Wright . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) = Richard K. Common . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Budget Stabilization Fund = Yilin Hou . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Bureaucrats and Politicians in Southeast Asia = Scott Fritzen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Cambodia = Clay Wescott . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Capital Purchases = Wendell C. Lawther and John Adler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Community-Based Planning for HIV=AIDS = Bruce Kieler and Ishak Saporta. . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Cooperative Purchasing = Alex Sekwat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Court System Strategic Planning = Deborah A. Botch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Crisis Policy Making and Management in Southeast Asia = Scott Fritzen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Decentralization in Southeast Asia = Ledivina V. Carin~o. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Democracy and Public Policy = Dale Krane and Gary S. Marshall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
Development Administration in Southeast Asia = Mark Turner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Environmental Policy = Thomas Greitens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
Ethics and Administrative Reform = Jeroen Maesschalck. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Ethics and Information and Communication Technology = Brian Negin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
Financial Condition = Jane Beckett-Camarata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
Foreign Policy Analysis = Eric K. Leonard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
Freedom of Information Act—Federal = Suzanne J. Piotrowski . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
Government-Sponsored Enterprises (GSEs) = Stuart C. Strother and
Steven G. Koven . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
Health Care, Assessment and Evaluation of = Leiyu Shi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
Health Care Decision Analysis, Alternatives in = Krishna S. Dhir . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
Health Care Decision Making Behavior, Emerging Paradigms of =
Krishna S. Dhir . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
Health Care Policy = Walter J. Jones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
Humanitarian Intervention = Michelle Maiese. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
Impacts of Bureaucratic Reform on State Government Administration = Brendan F. Burke . . . . . 148
Indonesia = Rainer Rohdewohld . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
Information Sources and State Policy Making = Jill Clark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
ix