Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals PDF
Preview Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals
Encyclopedia of MARINE MAMMALS Encyclopedia of MARINE MAMMALS Editors William R Perrin Southwest Fisheries Science Center, NOAA La Jolla, California Bernd Wiirsig Texas AirM University Galveston, Texas J. G. M. Thewissen Northeastern Ohio Universities College of Medicine Rootstown, Ohio ACADEMIC PRESS An Imprint ofElsevier San Diego San Francisco New York Boston London Sydney Tokyo Frontispiece: An exaggerated version of whaling off Atlantic shores, in which Basques from Spain were active along the Labrador coast from the 1550s onward. www.canadianheritage.org, ID #10083, National Archives of Canada, C-l 18314 Cover images © Frangois Gohier, except otter photograph, which is by Kennan Ward. The following articles are U.S. government works in the public domain: "Age Estimation" by Aleta H. Hohn "Atlantic Spotted Dolphin" by William F. Perrin "Coloration" by William F. Perrin "Common Dolphins" by William F. Perrin "Geographic Variation" by William F. Perrin "Management" by Jay Barlow "Otters" by James A. Estes "Pantropical Spotted Dolphin" by William F. Perrin "Sexual Dimorphism" by Katherine Rails "Species" by William F. Perrin "Spinner Dolphin" by William F. Perrin For the following articles, copyright is held as listed: "Scrimshaw" © 2002 Stuart M. Frank "Sei Whale" © British Crown, 2000 This book is printed on acid-free paper. @ Copyright © 2002 by ACADEMIC PRESS All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier's Science and Technology Rights Department in Oxford, UK. Phone: (44) 1865 843830, Fax: (44) 1865 853333, e-mail: [email protected]. You may also complete your request on-line via the Elsevier homepage: http://www.elsevier.com by selecting "Customer Support" and then "Obtaining Permissions". Academic Press An Imprint of Elsevier 525 B Street, Suite 1900, San Diego, California 92101-4495, USA http ://www. academicpress. com Academic Press Harcourt Place, 32 Jamestown Road, London NW1 7BY, UK http ://www. academicpress. com Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 2001087128 International Standard Book Number: 0-12-551340-2 PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 04 05 06 MB 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 This work is dedicated to Kenneth S. Norris, great naturalist and first president of the Society for Marine Mammalogy. His passing in 1998 left a gap in all our lives. Vll CONTENTS CONTENTS BY SUBJECT AREA xix Antarctic Marine Mammals 30 Ian L. Boyd CONTRIBUTORS xxiii PREFACE xxxv Archaeocetes, Archaic 36 GUIDE TO THE ENCYCLOPEDIA xxxvii J. G. M. Thewissen Arctic Marine Mammals 39 A John J. Burns Artiodactyla 45 Abundance Estimation 1 Jessica M. Theodor Stephen T. Buckland, Anne E. York Atlantic Spotted Dolphin 47 Age Estimation 6 (Stenella frontalis] Aleta A. Hohn William F. Perrin Atlantic White-Sided Dolphin 49 Aggressive Behavior (Intraspecific) 13 (Lagenorhynchus acutus] Claudio Campagna Frank Cipriano Albinism 16 Australian Sea Lion 51 Dagmar Fertl, Patricia E. Rosel (Neophoca cinerea) John K. Ling Amazon River Dolphin 18 (Inia geoffrensis] B Vera M. E da Silva Ambergris 20 Dale W. Rice Baculum 55 Edward H. Miller Anatomical Dissection: Thorax and Abdomen 21 Baiji 58 John E. Reynolds III, Sentiel A. Rommel, (Lipotes vexillifer] Meghan E. Bolen Zhou Kaiya Vlll Contents Baleen 61 Blue Whale 112 Dale W. Rice (Balaenoptera musculus] Richard Sears Baleen Whales (Mysticetes) 62 John L. Bannister Bones and Teeth, Histology of 116 Mary C. Maas Baleen Whales, Archaic 73 Nicholas C. Eraser, Alton C. Dooley Jr. Bottlenose Dolphins 122 (Tursiops truncatus and T. aduncus] Barnacles 75 Randall S. Wells, Michael D. Scott Dagmar Fertl Bottlenose Whales 128 Basilosaurids 78 (Hyperoodon ampullatus and Mark D. Uhen H. planifrons] Shannon Gowans Beaked Whales, Overview 81 James G. Mead Bowhead Whale 129 (Balaena mysticetus] Bearded Seal 84 David J. Rugh, Kim E. W. Shelden (Erignathus barbatus] Kit M. Kovacs Bow-Riding 131 Behavior, Overview 87 Bernd Wiirsig Peter L. Tyack Brain 133 Beluga Whale 94 Helmut H. A. Oelschlager, Jutta S. (Delphinapterus leucas] Oelschlager Gregory M. O'Corry-Crowe Brain Size Evolution 158 Biogeography 99 Lori Marino Rick LeDuc Breaching 162 Bioluminescence 102 Hal Whitehead Gregory K. Silber Breathing 164 Biomagnetism 104 Douglas Wartzok Michael M. Walker Breeding Sites 169 Blowing 105 Mark A. Hindell James L. Sumich Bryde's Whales 171 Blubber 107 (Balaenoptera edeni and B. brydei] Sara J. Iverson Hidehiro Kato
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